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 Shadhili Silsila (with Arabic)

Silsila of the Shadhili Path

May Allah grant us attachment to them
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Name Date of passing
1. ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ
ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Sayyidi Sh. Muแธฅammad Al-Yaสฟqลซbฤซ Al-แธคasanฤซ Al-Idrisฤซ
may Allah preserve him for the benefit of the Ummah
 
ุญูุธู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰
2. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Sh. Ibrฤhฤซm Al-Yaสฟqลซbฤซ
1406 Damascus
3. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Sh. Ismฤสฟฤซl Al-Yaสฟqลซbฤซ
1380 Damascus
4. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Sh. Muแธฅammad Al-Mubฤrak
1330 Damascus
5. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Sh. Muแธฅammad Aแนญ-แนฌayyib
1313 Damascus
6. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุณุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ
Sh. Muแธฅammad ibn Masสฟลซd Al-Fฤsฤซ
1289 Makka
7. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ
Sh. Muแธฅammad ibn แธคamzah แบ’ฤfir Al-Madanฤซ
1262 Misrata
8. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฏูุฑู‚ุงูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Sh. Al-สฟArabฤซ ibn Aแธฅmad Ad-Dirqฤwฤซ
1239/40 Rif
9. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Sh. สฟAlฤซ “Al-Jamal” al-ยดAmrani Al-แธคasanฤซ
1194 Fas
10. (ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ (ุงู„ู…ุดู’ู‡ููˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุบูˆู’ุซ
Sh. Al-สฟArabฤซ ibn Aแธฅmad ibn สฟAbd Allฤh “al-Ghawth”
1166 Fas
11. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ
Sh. Aแธฅmad ibn สฟAbd Allฤh Al-Fฤsฤซ
1120 Fas.
12. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎูŽุตูŽุงุตูŠ
Sh. Qฤsim al-Khaแนฃฤแนฃฤซ
1083 Fas
13. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ
Sh. Muแธฅammad ibn สฟAbd Allฤh Al-Fฤsฤซ
14. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠ
Sh.ย  สฟAbd Ar-Raแธฅmฤn Al-สฟฤ€rifฤซ
1036 Fas
15. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูŠูˆุณู ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ
Sh. Yลซsuf Al-Fฤsฤซ
1013 Fas
16. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฐูˆุจ
Sh. สฟAbd Ar-Raแธฅmฤn the Attracted (Al-Majdhลซb)
976 Fas
17. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตูŽู†ู’ู‡ุงุฌูŠ
Sh. สฟAlฤซ Aแนฃ-แนขanhฤjฤซ
947 Fas
18. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ูู‡ูŽู‘ุงู…
Sh. Ibrฤhฤซm Fahhฤm
Zarhun
19. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒูŽุฑูู‘ูˆู‚ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ
Imam Aแธฅmad Zarrลซq Al-Fฤsฤซ
899 Misrata
20. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนูู‚ุจูŽุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ
Sh. Aแธฅmad ibn สฟUqbah Al-แธคaแธramฤซ
895 Cairo
21. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠ
Sh. Yaแธฅyฤ Al-Qฤdirฤซ
22. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุง
Sh. สฟAlฤซ ibn Muแธฅammad Wafฤ
807 Cairo
23. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุตูุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุง
his father, Sh. Muแธฅammad Wafฤ
765 Cairo
24. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ (ุฏุงูˆูุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ุจุงุฎูู„ูŠ (ุจู† ู…ุงุฎูู„ุง
Sh. Dฤwud Al-Bฤkhilฤซ (or: Ibn Mฤkhilฤ)
732 Alexandria
25. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนูŽุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ุงู„ุณูŽู‘ูƒูŽู†ู’ุฏูŽุฑูŠ
Sh. ibnสฟAแนญฤโ€™ Allฤh As-Sakandarฤซ
709 Cairo
26. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณูŠ
Sh. Abu โ€™l-สฟAbbฤs al-Mursฤซ
686 Alexandria
27. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
Imam Abu โ€™l-แธคasan Ash-Shฤdhilฤซ Al-แธคasanฤซ
656 Humaythira, Egypt
28. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ุดูŠุด
Mawlaya สฟAbd As-Salฤm ibn Mashฤซsh
622 Tetuan
29. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฌู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŽุทูŽู‘ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุจ ุจุงู„ุฒูŽู‘ูŠุงุช
Sh. สฟAbd Ar-Raแธฅmฤn Al-Madanฤซ the Perfumer (al-`Attar Az-Zayyฤt)
Madina
30. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุชูู‚ูŽูŠู‘ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ููู‚ูŽูŠูŽู‘ุฑ
Sh. Tuqayyu โ€™d-Dฤซn Al-Fuqayyar
594 Iraq
31. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†
Sh. Fakhru โ€™d-Dฤซn
32. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุนู„ูŠ
Sh. Nลซru โ€™d-Dฤซn Abu โ€™l-แธคasan สฟAlฤซ
33. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†
Sh. Muแธฅammad Tฤju โ€™d-Dฤซn
34. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒ
Sh. Shamsu โ€™d-Dฤซn Abลซ Muแธฅammad
35. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฒูŽูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูŽุฒู’ูˆููŠู†ูŠ
Sh. Zaynu โ€™d-Dฤซn Al-Qazwฤซnฤซ
36. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุฅุณู‡ุงู‚ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠ
Sh. Abลซ Ishฤq Ibrฤhฤซm Al-Baแนฃrฤซ
37. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŽุฑู’ูˆูŽุงู†ูŠ
Sh. Abu โ€™l-Qฤsim Aแธฅmad Al-Marwฤnฤซ
38. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŽุนููŠุฏ
Sh. Abลซ Muแธฅammad Saสฟฤซd
39. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณุนุฏ
Sh. Saสฟd
40. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูุชุญ ุงู„ุณูŽุนููˆุฏ
Sh. Abลซ Muแธฅammad Fatแธฅ as-Saสฟลซd
41. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุบูŽุฒู’ูˆุงู†ูŠ
Sh. Al-Ghazwฤnฤซ
42. ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฌุงุจุฑ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡
Sh. Abลซ Muแธฅammad Jฤbir ibn สฟAbd Allฤh
43. ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡
Sayyiduna Al-แธคasan ibn สฟAlฤซ ibn Abฤซ แนฌฤlib (upon him be peace)
44. ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุทุงู„ุจ ูƒุฑู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡
his father, our Master สฟAlฤซ ibn Abฤซ แนฌฤlib (may Allah ennoble his face)
ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆูŽู‘ู„ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุขูŽุฎูุฑูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…
our Master Muแธฅammad Al-Muแนฃแนญafฤ (prayers and salutations be upon him)
ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉ ุฌุจุฑูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…
The Chief of Angels Sayyiduna Jibrฤซl (peace be upon him)
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุฒุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูˆุช ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู‡ูˆ
The Lord of Power and Might

Allฤh the most High,
other than whom there is no deity

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Al-Wird al-ยดamm

Al-Wird al-ยดamm – ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู… – The Shadhili general wird

Recited by Shaykh Faisal Abdur Razak

Audio


Al-Wird al-ยดamm – ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู… – The general Shadhili wird (daily dhikr)
by Sayyiduna Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili (may Allah be pleased with him)
Recited by Sheikh Faisal Abdur-Razak

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English-transliterated

The daily dhikr of the Shadhili Tariqa – Wird ‘Amm

of Sayyiduna Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili
View English with transliteration (PDF)

The Murid should say in the morning and in the evening:

A`รปdhu biAllahi min ash–shaytani-r-rajรฎm โ€“
I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Shaytan

BismiAllahi-r-Rahmรขni-r-Rahรฎm
In the Name of Allah the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate

ยซAnd whatever good you send forth for yourselves, you shall find it with Allah, better and greater in reward. And seek the forgiveness of Allah, for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.ยป [Surah Al-Muzzammil, 73:20]

Astaghfiru Allah โ€“ (99 times)
I seek the forgiveness of Allah.

To complete the hundred recite:
I seek the forgiveness of Allah, the Most Great, other than
whom there is no god, the Living, the Self-subsisting Supporter
of all, and I turn to Him in Repentance.

ยซVerily Allah and His Angels send blessings on the Prophet: O you who believe, send blessings on him and salute him with all respect.ยป [Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:56]

Allahumma salli `ala sayyidina Muhammadin,
`abidka wa rasulika, an-nabiyyi al-umiyyi,
wa `ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallim
โ€“ (99 times)

O Allah, bless our master Muhammad,
Your Servant and Messenger, the Unlettered Prophet,
and his family and Companions, and grant them peace.

To complete the hundred recite:
O Allah, bless our master Muhammad, Your Servant and
Messenger, the Unlettered Prophet, and his family and
Companions, and grant them peace, as greatly as the greatness
of Your Being, at every moment and time.

ยซKnow, therefore, that there is no god but Allah.ยป
[Surah Muhammad, 47:19]

La ilaha illa Allah โ€“ (99 times)
There is no god but Allah

To complete the hundred recite:
There is no god but Allah,
our Master Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,
may the blessings of Allah be upon him and his family and his Companions,
and may He grant them peace.

Sura al-Ikhlas (3 times)

Sura al-Fatiha

Svenska

Wird ‘Amm – Den allmรคnna รฅkallan

av Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili
Svensk รถvers.: Kultursรคllskapet Damas ยฉ 2006

Den sรถkande sรคger morgon och kvรคll:

A`รปdhu biAllahi min ash–shaytani-r-rajรฎm โ€“
Jag sรถker tillflykt hos Allah frรฅn den stenade Shaytan

BismiAllahi-r-Rahmรขni-r-Rahรฎm โ€“
I Allah’s, Allfรถrbarmarens, den Barmhรคrtiges Namn

ยซAllt gott ni sรคnder fram รฅt er sjรคlva, kommer ni att finna hos Allah. (Han ger ) bรคttre och stรถrre belรถning. Och be Allah om fรถrlรฅtelse. Allah รคr sannerligen fรถrlรฅtande och barmhรคrtig.ยป

Astaghfiru Allah โ€“ (100 gรฅnger)
Jag sรถker fรถrlรฅtelse hos Allah

Den hundarade gรฅngen avslutas med:
ยซJag sรถker fรถrlรฅtelse hos Allah, den Mรคktige, ingen gud finns utom Han, den Levande, den som upprรคtthรฅller allt skapat (al-hayyu al-qayyum), jag vรคnder mig till Honom i รฅnger.ยป

ยซAllah och Hans ร„nglar sรคnder vรคlsignelser รถver Profeten. Ni som tror: be Allah sรคnda sin vรคlsignelse รถver honom, och hรคlsa honom med fredshรคlsningen.ยป (1 gรฅng)

Allahumma salli `ala sayyidina Muhammadin,
`abidka wa rasulika, an-nabiyyi al-umiyyi,
wa `ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallim
โ€“ (100 gรฅnger)

Allah vรคlsigna vรฅr mรคstare Muhammad,
Din tjรคnare och Ditt Sรคndebud, den obelรคste Fรถrkunnaren, och hans familj och fรถljeslagare โ€“ sรคnd fred รถver dem.

Den hundarade gรฅngen avslutas med:
ยซO Allah, sรคnd vรคlsignelser รถver vรฅr mรคstare Muhammad, Din tjรคnare och Ditt Sรคndebud, den obelรคste Fรถrkunnaren. Sรคnd varje รถgonblick รถver honom, och รถver hans familj och fรถljeslagare, en fredshรคlsning som svarar mot Din upphรถjda rang.ยป

ยซVet att det inte finns nรฅgon gud utom Allah.ยป

La ilaha illa Allah โ€“ (100 gรฅnger)
Det finns ingen gud utom Allah.

Den hundrade gรฅngen avslutas med:
ยซDet finns ingen gud utom Allah, vรฅr mรคstare Muhammad รคr Allah’s Sรคndebud, mรฅ Allah vรคlsigna honom och hans familj och fรถljeslagare.ยป

Sura al-Ikhlas (3 gรฅnger)

Sura al-Fatiha (1 gรฅng)

Urdu

Click here to watch Youtube with Urdu translation

Refs

References

Recitation:
Sheikh Faisal Abdur-Razak – mp3


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Bio: Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili

Sayyidi Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili

ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
b. 593 โ€“ d. 656 H in Humaythira. Egypt
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

‘Ali ibn ‘ Abd Allah ibn ‘ Abd al- Jabbar ibn Tamim ibn Hurmuz ibn Hatim ibn Qusay ibn Yusuf ibn Yusha ‘ ibn Ward ibn Battal ibn Idris ibn Muhammad ibn ‘lsa ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘ Ali ibn Abi Talib.

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

1. From Durrat al-Asrar by Ibn al-Sabbagh
– On His Noble Lineage, Travels and Rank โ†“
– Meeting with al-Khidr (s) โ†“
– How he became the Qutb โ†“
– Shaykh Izz al-Din and the Pilgrimage โ†“
– His Last Journey โ†“
2. From Lataif al-Minan of Imam Ibn ‘Ata Allah al-Sakandari
3. From Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya of Kuhin


1. Excerpts from “Durrat al-Asrar wa Tufat al-Abarar” by Ibn al-Sabbagh
Translated by Elmer H. Douglas as “The Mystical Teachings of al-Shadhili”
Book cover, page 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27-28


On His Noble Lineage, Travels and Rank

With reference to his noble lineage, it is: ‘Ali ibn ‘ Abd Allah ibn ‘ Abd al- Jabbar ibn Tamim ibn Hurmuz ibn Hatim ibn Qusay ibn Yusuf ibn Yusha ‘ ibn Ward ibn Battal ibn Idris ibn Muhammad ibn ‘lsa ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn ‘ Ali ibn Abi Talib.

His birthplace was in Ghumara} He entered the city of Tunis when a young lad, turned toward the East, performed many pilgrimages, and went into lraq.

He related,
When I came to lraq, I met the Shaykh Abu al-Fath al-Wasiti, the like of whom I have not seen in Iraq. My quest was for the qutb. One of the saints said to me, “Are you searching for the qutb in lraq while he is in your country? Return to your land and you will find him.

So, he returned to the Maghrib where he met his teacher, who is my master the shaykh, the saint, the gnostic, the trustworthy, the qutb, the ghawth, Abu Muhammad ‘ Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Sharif al-Hasani.

He related,
When I drew near him, while he was living in Ghumara in a lodge on the top of a mountain, I bathed at a spring by the base of that mountain, forsook all dependence on my own knowledge and works, and went up toward him as one in need. Just then he was coming down toward me, wearing a patched cloak, and on his head a cap of palm leaves. “Welcome to ‘ Ali ibn ‘ Abd Allah ibn ‘ Abd al-Jabbar:’ he said to me, and repeated my lineage down to the Apostle of God. Then he said to me, “O , Ali, you have come up to us destitute of your knowledge and works, so you will receive from us the riches of this world and the next:’

He (al-Shadhili) continued,
Awe of him seized me. so I remained with him for some days until God awakened my perception, and I saw that he possessed many supernatural powers (kharq al-‘adat). For example, one day as I sat before him while a young son of his played with him on his lap, it came into my mind to question him concerning the greatest name of God. The child came to me, threw his arms about my neck, and shook me, saying, “O Abu al-Hasan, you desired to question the master concerning the greatest name of God. It is not a matter of importance that you should ask about the greatest name of God. The important thing is that you should be the greatest name of God, that is to say, that the secret (sirr) of God should be lodged in your heart:’ When he had finished speaking, the shaykh (Ibn Mashish) smiled and said to me, ‘Such a one has answered you for me:

He was, then, the Qutb of that time.
Then he said to me, “O ‘Ali, depart to the Province Ifriqiya and dwell there in a place called Shadhila, for God will name you al-Shadhili. After that you will move to the city of Tunis where charges will be brought against you before the authorities. Then you will move to the East where you will inherit the rank of qutb:’

I said to him, “O my master, give me your spiritual bequest:’ So he replied, “0 ‘ Ali, God is God and men are men. Keep your tongue from the mention of them, and your heart from inclining before them, and be careful to guard the members (jawarih) and to fulfill the divine ordinances; thus the friendship (wilaya) of God is perfected in you. Have no remembrance of them except under obligation that duty to God imposes on you; thus your scrupulousness is perfected. Then say: 0 God, relieve me from remembrance of them and spare me disturbances from them. Save me from their evils, enable me to dispense with their good through Thy good, and as a special favour assume Thou care of me among them. Verily, Thou art mighty over all things:’

Meeting with al-Khidr (s)

He related,
When I entered the city of Tunis as a young man, I found there a great famine, and I came upon men dying in the market places. I said to myself, “Had I wherewith to buy bread for these hungry people, I would surely do it:’ Then I was instructed inwardly: “Take what is in your pocket:’ So I shook my pocket and, lo, there was silver money in it. So I went to a baker at Bab al-Manara and said to him, “Count up your loaves of bread:’ He counted them for me. Then I offered them to the people who took them greedily. I drew out the pieces of money and handed them to the baker. He found them to be spurious and said, “These are Moroccan, and you Moroccans practice alchemy:’ So I gave him my burus and small bag as a pawn on the price of the bread, and turned toward the gate. Right there by the gate stood a man who said to me, “O ‘ Ali, where are the pieces of money?” So I gave them to him, and he shook them in his hand, then returned them to me, saying, “Pay them to the baker, for they are genuine:’ So I paid them to the baker who accepted them from me, saying, “These are good:’ I took my burus and bag and then looked for the man, but did not find him.

Consequently, I remained for some days inwardly perplexed until, on Friday, I went into the Zaytuna mosque, near the reserved section on the east side of the mosque, and performed two cycles of the greeting of the mosque and pronounced the salutation. Suddenly, I saw a man on my right. I greeted him and he smiled at me, saying, “O ‘ Ali, you say, ‘Had I wherewith to feed these hungry people, I should surely do it: You would presume to be more generous than God toward His creatures. Had He willed it, He would surely have fed them, for He is more cognizant of their welfare than you:’

Then I said to him, “O my master, by God, who are you?” He replied, “I am Ahmad al-Khidr. I was in China and I was told, ‘Go and look for my saint ‘ Ali in Tunis: So I came hurriedly to you:’ When 1 had performed the Friday worship, I looked about for him, but did not find him.


How Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili became the QutbView page scan

I journeyed together with these two [Abu ‘Ali and al-Shadhilij in the service of Abu ‘Ali and, on reaching the city of Tripoli, the Shaykh al-Shadhili said, “Let me travel along the road of the interior!’ But the Shaykh Abu ‘Ali chose the coast road. The latter saw the Apostle of God who said to him, “Abu ‘Ali, you are a saint of God and Abu al-Masan is a saint of God, and God will never arbitrate between two saints in the matter of a road to follow. Take the road which you have chosen and let him proceed along the road which he has chosen:’ So we went our separate ways until we met on the road near Alexandria.

When we had performed the morning prayers, the Shaykh Abu ‘Ali approached the tent of the Shaykh Abu al-Hasan, we being in his company. He entered into his presence, sat down before him, and behaved toward him in a way which was not customary with him. He conversed with him in speech of which we understood not a word. When he was about to depart, he said, “0, my master, extend your hand so that I may kiss it!’ So he kissed his hand and departed weeping. We were amazed at his conduct with him.

When Abu ‘Ali was well on his way, he turned toward his companions and said, “0 Yunus, Abu al-Hajjaj al-Qusuri was in the land of Egypt and he was the Qutb of his time. Last night, he died and God caused him to be succeeded by Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili.”

So I went to al-Shadhili and gave allegiance to him as one possessing the office of Qutb. When we reached Alexandria, and the people came out to meet the party of travelers, I saw Abu ‘Ali strike with his hand the forepart of the saddle and say weeping, “0 people of this region, if you knew who it is who is advancing toward you in this caravan, you would kiss the feet of his camel, which, by God, have brought you the blessing!’


Shaykh Izz al-Din and the PilgrimageView page scan

One in whom I have confidence related to me., In the year in which he went on pilgrimage there took place the movement of the Tararsu against Egypt. As the Sultan was occupied with operations against them, he did not prepare the military escort for the caravan of pilgrims. The shaykh sent out his tent to al-Birka (where the pilgrims make a halt outside of Cairo] and certain people followed him. So the people met with the jurist, judge, and Mufti ‘Izz al-Din ibn ‘Abd al-Salam, and questioned him regarding the journey. “The journey,” he replied, “undertaken presumptiously and lacking an escort, is not allowable!’ The people informed the shaykh of that. “Let me meet with him,” he responded. He met him in the mosque on Friday. A large crowd gathered around the two. “0 jurist,” he asked, “is it your opinion that, if a man had the whole world reduced to the size of a single step for him, he would be permitted to undertake a journey amidst dangers or not?” The judge replied, “If anyone should find himself in such a circumstance, he would be beyond the bounds of a legal pronouncement (fatwa) or anything of the sort?’ “By God, beside Whom there is no other god,” the shaykh said to him, “I am of those for whom the entire world has been made into the size of a single step. Whenever I see something that causes men to fear, I walk with them to a place of security. For you and me, there is no escape from standing before God (on the Day of Judgment] that He may question me concerning the truth of what I have told you?’ So al-Shadhili departed and many charismatic events attended him on the way. The following is one of them. Thieves would attack the caravan by night, and they would find a wall built around it, as if it were a city. At the break of dawn, they would come to him, inform him of their deeds, repent to God, and travel in the company of the shaykh on the pilgrimage to Mecca. The pilgrimage accomplished, he returned and entered Cairo the first of the people. His pilgrimage companions related to others the miracles he [Abu al-Hasan] had performed. Then the jurist ‘Izz al-Din went out to meet him at al-Birka, which is a place about six miles outside of Cairo. On entering into his presence, al-Shadihili said to him, “0 jurist, by God, were it not for the training that I have received with my ancestor the Apostle of God, I would have taken the caravan on the Day of ‘Arafa and I would have stepped over with it to ‘Arafat.” “I am resigned to God:’ the mufti exclaimed. Thereupon the shaykh added, “Look at the reality of that.” So everyone present looked at the Ka’ ba. The people cried out and the jurist lowered his head between his hands and said, “You are my shaykh from this very hour.” “Rather:’ the shaykh replied, “you are my brother, if God wills:’


His last Journey – View html

The Master Abu al-Hasan ash-Shadhdhuli had made it his custom that every other year he would travel to Mecca for the Pilgrimage. Likewise in the year 656 A.H./1258 C.E., the very year in which a few weeks earlier the Mongol ruler Hulugu Jenghiz Khan had sacked Baghdad, he made preparations to go on the Pilgrimage as usual. However, this time he asked that a pickaxe, shovel, and a shroud should be included in their baggage. As was his custom he set out on the southern route, known as the spice route, overland to Damanhur, then via Qahira, up the Nile to ‘Idfu in Upper Egypt. From there he would cross the Red Sea to Jiddah, and finally make the two-day camel ride to Mecca. At Damanhur, a young boy, who was a student of the Qur’an, begged his mother to let him go with the Shaykh and his party to make the Pilgrimage. His mother, who was a widow, earnestly requested the Shaykh for her son that he be allowed to travel with his party, to which he replied, “We will look after him as far as Humaythira.”

And so it happened. It was related that Abu al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy upon him, had said, “When I entered the land of Egypt and established my dwelling there, I prayed to Allah, the Most High, saying: Ya Rabb, have You caused me to dwell in the land of the Copts, to be buried amongst them, until my flesh becomes mingled with their flesh and my bones with theirs? A reply then came to me: No `Ali, you will be buried in a land which Allah has never oppressed.” It is also recorded that in the year of his death Abu al-Hasan ash-Shadhdhuli was heard to say, “Once when I fell ill, I said: Allah, O Allah, when will the encounter with You take place? I was told: Ya `Ali, when you reach Humaythira, then the encounter will come.” He said, may Allah have mercy upon him, “I saw as if I were buried at the base of a mountain before a well containing a little salty water, which became more abundant and sweet.” And he said to his beloveds, “This year I shall perform the Pilgrimage of substitution (hajjat an-niyaba).

“One of Abu al-Hasan’s followers recorded what happened: Soon after entering the desert of `Aydhab, both the young boy and the Shaykh fell ill, the boy dying the day before we reached the watering-place of Humaythira. The followers wanted to bury the youth where he had died, but the Shaykh said, “Carry him to Humaythira.” When we arrived at this resting-place we washed the boy, and the Shaykh prayed over him before we buried him. That evening the Shaykh, who was also very sick, called his companions around him and spoke to us, counselling us to recite his Litany of the Sea (Hizb al-Bakhr) often, and he said, “Teach it to your children for the Greatest Name of Allah (al-ismu ‘l-`azam) is in it.” Then he talked privately to Sidi Abu al-`Abbas al-Mursi, giving him his orders as his successor with his special blessing. He, may Allah have mercy upon him, said to his followers, “When I am dead, look to Abu al-`Abbas al-Mursi for he is the Caliph (Khalifa) to come after me. He will have an exalted station amongst you for he is one of the Doors (abwab) of Allah, Praised and Exalted is He.” Later that evening he called for a jar of water to be filled from the well of Humaythira. When he was told, “Ya Sidi, its water is salty and bitter, but the water we have is fresh and sweet,” he replied, “Give me some of it for my intention is not what you think.” When we brought him the well-water he drank a little of it, rinsed his mouth with it and spat into the jar. Then he said, “Pour the water into the well.

“Immediately the well-water turned sweet and fresh to taste, and it was abundant enough to refresh all the travellers who stopped to replenish themselves at this place. His followers said, “The Shaykh passed the night in holy preparation and discourse with his Beloved God, continually mentioning His Name until the dawn came when he was still.”



2. From Lata’if al-Minan of Imam Ibn ‘Ata Allah al-Sakandari

t.b.d.
p.96-97 (about the well)



3. From Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya of Kuhin

From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”


t.b.d.


Tรผrkรงe

t.b.d.
 

Svenska

Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili
(f. 593 โ€“ d. 656 H.)
Biografiska noter sammanstรคllda av bmk
Kultursรคllskapet Damas ยฉ 2006 – Se ursprunglig artikel

Hans fullstรคndiga namn รคr: Taqi al-Din Abul Hasan `Ali ibn `AbdAllah ibn `Abd al-Jabbar. Hans slรคkband gรฅr pรฅ fรคdernet tillbaka till Profeten Muhammads (s) dotterson al-Hasan ibn `Ali ibn Abi Talib, och pรฅ mรถdernet till al-Husayn. Han har benรคmnts efter by Shadhila nรคra staden Tunis, dit hans lรคromรคstare Ibn Mashish sรคnde honom fรถr att fรถrankra tariqan,

Imam Abul Hasan fรถddes i byn Gumara i Rif-omrรฅdet som ligger i Atlasbergen i Maghrib (dagens Marokko) รฅr 593 H. Hans fรถrsta lรคrare var `AbdAllah ibn Harazim (d. 633), som var elev till Abu Madyan. Som ung reste han รถsterut fรถr att sรถka sin lรคromรคstare. I Bagdad mรถtte han รฅr 618 H en av den tidens stรถrste andlige ledare, al-Sayyid Abu al-Fath al-Wasiti. Denne sade till honom: “Du har kommit hit fรถr att sรถka al-Qutb โ€“ men han finns dรคr du kommer ifrรฅn โ€“ i Maghrib.” Sรฅ รฅtervรคnde och leddes till Ibn Mashish. Han klรคttrade upp fรถr det berg dรคr Ibn Mashish vistades, och fann dรคr en brunn, dรคr han tvรคttade sig ren frรฅn kroppslig och andlig smuts, och bad till Allah: “O Allah, jag har tvรคttat bort min kunskap och mina gรฅrningar, sรฅ att jag inte har nรฅgon annan kunskap eller gรคrning รคn vad som kommer frรฅn denne Sheikh”. Dรคrefter hรคlsade honom Ibn Mashish med orden: “Vรคlkommen (och han nรคmnde hans namn och hรคrkomst). Du kom till oss fattig pรฅ kunskap och gรคrning, och av oss tog du emot rikedomar frรฅn denna vรคrlden och nรคsta.”

Efter att ha vistats en tid i Ibn Mashish’s sรคllskap sรคnde denne honom till Ifriqiya (Tunisien) ochg sade till honom: “Du kommer att bli denna tids qutb.” Abul Hasan drog sig tillbaka i en grotta i Zaghwan-beget nรคra byn Shadhila som ligger mellan Tunis och Qairwan. ร…r 640 H. kom han sedan ned till staden Tunis. Han bosatte sig i al-Balad (vid “den kakelprydda moskรฉn”) och bรถrjade kalla mรคnniskor till Allah. Han stannade i flera รฅr i Tunis, och det var dรคr han fรถr fรถrsta gรฅngen trรคffade den man som skulle bli hans eftertrรคdare: Abu al-`Abbas al-Mursi. Imam Abul Hasan sade om honom: “Denne Abul `Abbas โ€“ sรฅ lรคnge han kรคnt Allah, har det aldrig funnits nรฅgon slรถja som skilt honom frรฅn Allah. Om han sรฅ hade bett om en slรถja, skulle han inte funnit nรฅgon.”

ร…r 646 lรคmnade Imam Abul Hasan Tunis och bosatte sig i Alexandria i Egypten, dรคr han sedan tillbragte resten av sitt liv. Han stred รฅr 648 H (1250), tillsammans med sina fรถljeslagare och andra `ulema och awlia, i slaget vid al-Masura, till fรถrsvar mot den franske kungen Louis’ korstรฅg mot Egypten. I ett stort torn som hรถrde till stadsmuren inredde han bostรคder till sin familj och sina fรถljeslagare, en moskรฉ, gรคstrum, och utrymmen fรถr undervisning. Bland dem som tog tariqa av honom befann sig mรฅnga av hans samtida stora lรคrda, som `Izz al-Din ibn `Abd al-Salam, Ibn Daqiq al-Id, Makin al-Din al-Asmar, `Abd Allah al-Laqqani och mรฅnga andra. Sammanlagt fostrade han 40 murider till rรคttfรคrdiga och vรคrdiga bรคrare av tariqan, frรคmst bland dem Abul `Abbas al-Mursi.

Imam Abul Hasan brukade gรถra hajj vartannat รฅr. ร…r 656 H (1258), nรฅgra veckor efter det att Hulugu Jengis Khan hade skรถvlat Baghdad, stadde han sig pรฅ sin รฅrliga hajj-resa. Denna gรฅng bad han att en spade och en likskrud skulle packas i hans bagage. Hajj-rutten gick genom Damanhur, via Kairo, uppfรถr Nilen till `Idfui รถvre (sรถdra) Egypten, varifrรฅn man korsade Rรถda Havet till Jeddah. Och Imam Abul Hasan gick bort i Humaythira i `Aydhab-รถknen โ€“ enligt ett lรถfte han fรฅtt frรฅn Allah pรฅ en plats som aldrig vederfarits fรถrtryck.

I “Lataif al-Minan” รฅterberรคttas frรฅn Imam Abul Hasans son och vรฅr mรคstare, Shihab al-Din Ahmad: “Sheykhen sade dรฅ han dog: ‘Sannerligen, jag tillfรถrt denna vรคg, nรฅgot som ingen annan kommit med,’ ” Hans kropp tvรคttades i Humaythiras vatten, som dรคrefter blev vรคlsmakande och รถverflรถdande och rรคckt till alla slรคcka tรถrsten hos alla de ressรคllskap som gjort halt dรคr sedan dess. Abu `AbdAllah ibn al-Nu`man, som brukade skriva dikter till Imam Abul Hasans รคra, antyder detta i nรฅgra diktrader:

“Efter hans dรถd bevittnade jag hans underverk
Som tydligt framstรฅr mot dem som fรถrnekar hans upplysthet.”

Sheikh ibn `Ata Allah sรคger i Lata’if al-Minan: “Hans tariqa hรคrstammar frรฅn Sheikh `Abd al-Salam ibn al-Mashish, och Sheikh `Abd al-Salam har sin hรคrstamning frรฅn `Abd al-Rahman Sheikh al-Madani, osv. led efter led fram till al-Hasan ibn `Ali ibn Abi Talib, mรฅ allah finna behag i honom. Jag hรถrde vรฅr Mรคstare Abu al-`Abbas sรคga: ‘Denna vรฅr Vรคg hรคrstammar inte fรฅrn รถster och inte frรฅn vรคster, utan den รฅterfรถrs led efter led till al-Hasan ibn `Ali ibn Abi Talib, mรฅ allah finna behag i honom, som var den fรถrste Qutben.’ ”

“Han brukade nรคmna sin Sheikh, och avstรฅ frรฅn att framhรฅlla sina egna meriter, till en dag en person sade till honom: ‘Mรคstere, vi hรถr dig sรคga: “Sheikhen sade”, och det รคr sรคllan du tillskirver dig sjรคlv nรฅgot.’ Sheikhen [Abul Hasan] sade dรฅ till honom: ‘Om jag med varje andetag ville sรคga: “Allah sade”, skulle jag sagt “Allah sade”; och om jag med varje andetag ville sรคga: “Allah’s Sรคndebud sade”, skulle jag sรคga “Allah’s Sรคndebud sade”; och om jag med varje andetag ville sรคga: “Jag sade”, skulle jag sรคga “Jag sade”. Men jag sรคger “Sheikhen sade” och lรฅter bli att nรคmna mig sjรคlv av adab gentemot honom.’ ”

Han efterlรคmnade inga skrifter โ€“ han brukade sรคga: “Mina fรถljeslagare รคr min bรถcker” โ€“ men det finns ett stort antal brev frรฅn den korrespondens han upprรคtthรถll med sina fรถljeslagare i Tunis. Dessa brev รคr vรคrdefulla dokument fรถr den som vill fรถrstรฅ hans lรคra. De genomsyras av den kรคrlek han hyste fรถr sin fรถljeslagare โ€“ ja han sรฅg det som sin uppgift som Sheikh att vara en fader och fostrare (rabib) fรถr dem, han kรคnde dem mycket nรคra och hyste en intim vรคnskap med dem var de รคn befann sig. En del av dessa brev sammanstรคlldes av en av Imamens tunisiska fรถljeslagare, Muhammad ibn al-Sabbagh, i boken “Durrat al-Asrar”.

Mรถtet mellan Imam Abul Hasan och Qadi `Izz al-Din ibn `Abd al-Salam

Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn `Ayyad berรคttar [2/ Al-Mafakhir]:
Ett รฅr dรฅ Sheikhen (Abul Hasan) stadde sig till Hajj-resa, var det uppror mot Kairos hรคrskare, sรฅ denne var upptagen med att kvรคsa upprorsrรถrelsen och fรถrsรฅg inte (de hajj-resande) med nรฅgra skyddstrupper. Sheikhen lรคmnade sitt tรคlt och gav sig av, och folk fรถljde honom. Folk samlades kring Qadin `Izz al-Din ibn `Abd al-Salam och frรฅgade honom angรฅende resan. Denne sade: Det รคr inte tillรฅtet att resa utan skyddstrupper nรคr det rรฅder fara. Sheikhen uderrรคttades om detta och sade dรฅ: Lรฅt mig trรคffa (qadin), sรฅ ett mรถte anordnades i moskรฉn samma fredag. (Sheikhen) sade till (qadin): “O faqih, om det finns nรฅgon, fรถr vilken vรคrlden inte รคr mer รคn ett enda sprรฅng, anser du dรฅ att det รคr tillรฅtet fรถr honom att resa trots faran eller ej?” (Qadin) sade: “Den som befinner sig pรฅ den nivรฅn omfattas inte av fatwan.” Sheikhen sade dรฅ: “Vid Allah โ€“ ingen gud finns utom Han โ€“ jag tillhรถr dem, fรถr vilka vรคrlden inte รคr mer รคn ett enda sprรฅng, och om jag ser nรฅgot som utgรถr en fara fรถr folk, fรถr jag dem med ett steg till trygghet, Du vet lika vรคl som jag vilken stรคllning vi har infรถr Allah den Upphรถjde, den Majestรคtiske. Du mรฅ dรคrfรถr be mig bekrรคfta sanningen i vad jag sagt.”

(Sheikhen) โ€“ mรฅ Allah finna behag i honom โ€“ reste, och pรฅ vรคgen framtrรคdde mรฅnga underverk. Ett av dem var t.ex. att tjuvar kom till karavanen under natten. Nรคr de befann sig mitt i karavanen reste sig runt omkring dem murar som hindrade dem frรฅn att komma ut, precis som om de befann sig i en befรคst stad. Pรฅ morgonen kom de til Sheikhen med รฅnger och omvรคnde sig till Allah den Upphรถjde.

Vid รฅterkomsten till Cairo kom Qadin dem tillmรถtes och folk berรคttade om vad de hade sett av Allah’s underverk, Vรคl inne i staden avlade Qadi `Izz al-Din besรถk hos Sheikhen, och denne sade till honom: “O faqih, vore det inte av artighet infรถr min fรถrfader, Allah’s Sรคndebud, vรคlsignelser och fred vare med honom, skulle jag pรฅ `Arafat-dagen ha tagit karavanen till `Arafat-berget i ett enda sprรฅng.” Muftin svarade: “Jag tror pรฅ Allah.” Sheikehn fortsastte: “O faqih `Izz al-Din, se hรคr bekrรคftelsen av det jag sagt.” Sรฅ strรคckte han ut sin vรคlsignade hรถgra hand mot Qibla, och alla som var nรคrvarande sรฅg i denna stund Ka`ba framfรถr sig, och folk ropade hรถgt av hรคpnad. Qadin sรคnkte sitt huvud infรถr (Sheikhen ) och sade: “Min Mรคstare, frรฅn dendda stund รคr du min Sheikh.” Sheiken svarade honom: “Du รคr min broder, insha’Allah.” Mรฅ Allah den Upphรถjde finna behag i dem.

I “Lata’if al-Minan” berรคttas fรถrljande:

En gรฅng nรคr Sheikh Abul Hasan รฅtervรคnde till Kairo frรฅn en hajj-resa, besรถkte han Sheikh `Izz al-Din `Abd al-Salam, innan han gick till sitt eget hem, och sade till honom: “Allah’s Sรคndebud, vรคlsignelser och fred vare med honom, hรคlsar dig.” Sheikh `Izz al-Din kรคnde dรฅ sin egen ringhet och att han inte var vรคrd en sรฅdan hรคlsning. Nรฅgra dagar senare besรถkte han Imam Abul Hasan och fann i hans sรคllskap bl.a. Sheikh al-`Alam Ya-Sin, en av eleverna till Shiekh Muhiy al-Din Ibn al-`Arabi, som sade: Vi รคr mycket glada รถver det vi fรฅtt hรถra. Det รคr inte mรฅnga nufรถrtiden som hรคlsas av Allah’s Sรคndebud.” Sheikh `Izz al-Din sade: “Mรฅ Allah dra en slรถja รถver oss.” Dรฅ sade al-`Alam Ya Sin: “Mรฅ Allah dra undan slรถjan sรฅ att sanningen blir tydlig.”

Nรฅgon sade till Imam Abul Hasan: “Ingenslans pรฅ jordens ytan finner man en mera lysande cirkel fรถr (studiet av) rรคttslรคra รคn Sheikh `Izz al-Din `Abd al-Salam’s, eller en mera lysande cirkel fรถr att studiet av hadithkunskap soรคnSheikh Zaki al-Din `Abd al-`Azim’s, eller en mera lysande cirkel fรถr att studiet av de (gudomliga) realiterna รคn din.” [Lata’if al-Minan]

Uttalanden av Imam Abul Hasan

Imam Abul Hasan brukade sรคga: “En Sheikh รคr inte den som leder till det som trรถttar ut dig, utan den som leder dig till det som ger dig ro.” [Lata’if al-Minan]

Han sade: “Tecknet pรฅ att ens hjรคrta har befriats from kรคrlek till denna vรคrld รคr att nรคr han fรถrvรคrvar jordiska egendomar, sรฅ anvรคnder han dem fritt, och nรคr han fรถrlorar dem upplever han en kรคnsla av befrielse.” [Lata’if al-Minan]

ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Imam al-Sha’rani: Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (PDF) – View | Download
2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya: View book | Download | Chapter [1] (see below)

[1] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡([1])
(591- 656ู‡ู€)

ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุตู„ู ู…ุฏุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ุดุฑุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุจ ุฏุงุฆุฑุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŽุฌูŽู„ู‘ู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆุณูŽู†ุฏูู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุซ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ ุจุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ุตุงุญุจู ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฑุดูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูู‚ูŠู…ู ููŠู‡ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ูˆู…ู ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ูƒู‡ูู ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฌู„ุงุกู ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุบุงูู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ู†ุดุฆ ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุจุฏุฆ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฎูุงุก ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุธู‡ุฑู ุนูˆุงุฑู ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุจุนุฏ ุฎูุงุฆู‡ุง ูˆุงุณุชุชุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฏู‘ูŽุงู„ู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ู ุฌู†ุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‘ูŽุงุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ู…ู ูˆุจุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุงุจู‡ ูˆุญุถุฑุชู‡ุŒ ุฃูˆุญุฏู ุฃู‡ู„ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู…ู‹ุง ูˆุญุงู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุจู ุฐูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูุณุจุชูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู‡ุฑุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุญูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุณู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุทูŠุจุชูŠู† ุงู„ุบูŠุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุฑุซุชูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูˆุชูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุทู…ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุชูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูุญู„ู ุงู„ูุญูˆู„ ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุนุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุซูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐู ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑู‘ุจูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŒ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฌุจุงุฑ ุจู† ุชู…ูŠู… ุจู† ู‡ุฑู…ุฒ ุจู† ุญุงุชู… ุจู† ู‚ุตูŠ ุจู† ูŠูˆุณู ุจู† ูŠูˆุดุน ุจู† ูˆุฑุฏ ุจู† ุจุทุงู„ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนูŠุณู‰ ุจู† ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ูุจุงูŠุน ู„ู‡ ุจุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ู…ุซู†ู‰ ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฏ ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฉ ูˆุณุจุท ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุฃุจูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุจู† ุฃู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุทุงู„ุจ ูƒุฑู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงุชู†ุง ูุงุทู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฑุงุก ุจู†ุช ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฃุชูŠ ู„ุตุงุญุจ ยซุงู„ุณู„ูˆุฉยป ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ู†ุณุจู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุญุจ ยซุงู„ุณู„ูˆุฉยป ุนู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุตู‘ูŽุงุฑ ุนู† ุตุงุญุจ ยซุงู„ู†ุจุฐุฉยปุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฃุชูŠ ุจู„ูุธู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุตุงุญุจูŽ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆู…ูุธู‡ุฑูŽ ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจูˆุตูŠุฑูŠ ุตุงุญุจ ยซุงู„ุจุฑุฏุฉยป ูˆยซุงู„ู‡ู…ุฒูŠุฉยป ููŠ ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุฏุญูŽ ุจู‡ุง ุณูŠู‘ูุฏูŠ ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุณูŠุŒ ูˆุดูŠุฎูŽู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุง:

ุฃู…ู‘ูŽุง ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู…ู ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ู ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡

ุฃู…ู‘ูŽุง ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู…ู ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ู ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ * ููŠ ุงู„ูุถู„ู ูˆุงุถุญุฉูŒ ู„ุนูŠู†ู ุงู„ู…ูู‡ุชุฏูŠ
ูุงู†ู‚ู„ ูˆู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุขุซุงุฑู‡ * ูุฅุฐุง ูุนู„ุชูŽ ูุฐุงูƒ ุฃุฎุฐูŒ ุจุงู„ูŠุฏู
ุฃูŽูุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‘ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏู ูˆูƒู„ู‘ูู†ุง * ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู‘ู ุณูˆุก ู†ูุชุฏูŠ
ู‚ุทุจู ุงู„ุฒู‘ูŽู…ุงู† ูˆุบูˆุซูู‡ ูˆุฅู…ุงู…ูู‡ * ุนูŠู†ู ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุณุงู†ู ุณุฑู‘ู ุงู„ู…ููˆุฌูุฏู
ุณุงุฏูŽ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูุฌุงู„ูŽ ูู‚ุตู‘ูŽุฑูŽุช ุนู† ุดุฃูˆู‡ * ู‡ู…ู…ู ุงู„ู…ุขุฑุจ ู„ู„ุนูู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุณู‘ูุคุฏุฏ
ูุชู„ู‚ู‘ูŽ ู…ุง ูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ูู†ุทู‚ูู‡ * ู†ุทู‚ูŒ ุจุฑูˆุญู ุงู„ู‚ูุฏุณ ุฃูŠู‘ ู…ุคูŠุฏ
ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุฑุฑุชูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ุถุฑูŠุญู‡ * ูˆุดู…ู…ุชูŽ ุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุฏู‘ู ู…ู† ุชูุฑุจ ู†ุฏูŠ
ูˆุฑุฃูŠุชูŽ ุฃุฑุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูู„ุงุฉ ุจุฎุถุฑุฉู * ู…ูุฎุถูŽุฑุฉู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู‚ุงุนู ุงู„ุบุฑู‚ุฏ
ูˆุงู„ูˆุญุดู ุขู…ู†ุฉูŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ูƒุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ุง * ุญูุดุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฑู…ู ุจุฃูˆู‘ูŽู„ู ู…ุณุฌุฏ
ูˆูˆุฌุฏุชูŽ ุชุนุธูŠู…ู‹ุง ุจู‚ู„ุจูƒ ู„ูˆ ุณูŽุฑู‰ * ููŠ ุฌูŽู„ู’ู…ูŽุฏู ุณุฌุฏูŽ ุงู„ูˆูŽุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุฌูŽู„ู…ุฏู
ูู‚ู„: ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ู ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูŠุง ุจุญุฑูŽ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุฏู‰ * ุงู„ุทู‘ูŽุงู…ูŠ ูˆุจุญุฑูŽ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุจู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏู

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุจู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ู‚:

ูˆู„ูˆ ู‚ููŠู„ูŽ ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูุฌุงู„ู ู…ููƒู…ู‘ูŽู„ูŒ * ู„ู‚ู„ุชู ุฅู…ุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ู ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู†ู’
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ูŽ ุจุญุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุณุฎู‹ุง * ูˆู„ุง ุณูŠู‘ูŽู…ุง ุนู„ู…ูŽ ุงู„ูุฑุงุฆุถ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ู†ู’
ูˆู…ู† ู…ูŽู†ู‡ู„ู ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽูˆุญูŠุฏู ู‚ุฏ ุนุจู‘ูŽ ูˆุงุฑุชูˆู‰ * ูู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ ูƒู… ุฃูŽุฑู’ูˆู‰ ู‚ู„ูˆุจู‹ุง ุจู‡ุง ู…ูุญูŽู†ู’
ูˆุญุงุฒ ุนู„ูˆู…ู‹ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุชูุญุตู‰ ู„ูƒุงุชุจู * ูˆู‡ู„ ุชุญุตุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ุง ุญุงุฒูŽ ู…ู† ููŽู†ู’
ููƒู†ู’ ุดุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชู ุชูŽุญุธูŽ ุจุณุฑู‘ูู‡ * ูˆููŠ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ูุณุชุบู†ูŠู‹ู‘ุง ุจุนู†ู’
ูุฅู†ู‘ููŠ ู„ู‡ ุนุจุฏูŒ ูˆุนุจุฏูŒ ู„ุนุจุฏู‡ * ููŠุง ุญุจุฐุง ุนุจุฏูŒ ู„ุนุจุฏู ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ู’
ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุฃูŽูƒู†ู’ ุนุจุฏู‹ุง ู„ุดูŠุฎูŠ ูˆู‚ูุฏูˆุชูŠ * ุฅู…ุงู…ูŠ ูˆุฐุฎุฑูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฃูŽูƒู†ู’ ู„ู…ู†ู’

ููŠุง ุฑุจู‘ู ุจุงู„ุณุฑู‘ู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูˆู‡ุจุชูŽู‡

* ุชู…ู†ู‘ู ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ูˆุงู„ูุทู†ู’

ูˆู…ุง ุฃุญุณู† ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุดูŠ ุจู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ู‚:

ุฃู†ุง ุดุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ูŒ ู…ุง ุญูŠูŠุชู ูุฅู†ู’ ุฃูŽู…ุชู’ * ูู…ุดูˆุฑุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุงุณ ุฃู† ูŠูŽุชูŽุดุฐู‘ูŽู„ูˆุง

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุจุนุถู‡ู…:

ุชู…ุณู‘ูŽูƒู’ ุจุญุจู„ู ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ู ูˆู„ุง ุชุฑุฏ * ุณูˆุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุฎ ุฅู†ู’ ูƒู†ุชูŽ ุฐุง ู„ุจู‘ู
ูุฃุตุญุงุจูู‡ ูƒุงู„ุดู‘ูŽู…ุณู ุฒุงุฏ ุถูŠุงุคู‡ุง * ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฌู…ู ูˆุงู„ุจุฏุฑู ุงู„ู…ูู†ูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุจู‘ู

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ:

ุชู…ุณู‘ูŽูƒู’ ุจุญุจู‘ู ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ู ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽู‡ * ู„ู‡ ุทูุฑู‚ู ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุณู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑู‘ู ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุฑู
ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู†ู ุงู„ุณู‘ูŽุงู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู„ู ุนุตุฑู‡ู * ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชูู‡ ุฌู„ู‘ูŽุชู’ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฏู‘ู ูˆุงู„ุญุตุฑู

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ:

ุชู…ุณู‘ูŽูƒ ุจุญุจู‘ู ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ู ูุชู„ู‚ูŽ ู…ุง * ุชูŽุฑูˆู…ู ูˆุญู‚ู‚ู’ ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุท ูˆุญุตู‘ู„ุง
ุชูˆุณู‘ูŽู„ ุจู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ู‘ู ุญุงู„ู ุชูุฑูŠุฏูู‡ * ูู…ุง ุฎุงุจูŽ ู…ู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุจู‡ ู…ุชูˆุณู‘ูู„ุง

ุงูู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ…

 

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Bio: Imam Ahmad Zarruq

Sayyidi Imam Ahmad Zarruq al-Fasi

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒูŽุฑู‘ููˆู‚ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ
b. 846 H. in Fas โ€“ d. 899 H. i Misrata
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

Imam Ahmad Zarruq
(d. 899/1493)
From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

He is the ocean of sciences and gnoses, the teacher of every gnostic and enraptured one [majdhub], the godly qutb and lordly colossus, our master Abu’l-‘Abbas Ahmad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘isa al-Burnusi al-Fasi, known as Zarruq [1].

He โ€” may Allah have mercy on him โ€” was a scholar who applied his knowledge, an ascetic who was scrupulous in matters of the din. He authored many books, whose exact number cannot be ascertained. They include an exegesis of the Mighty Qur’an, and a commentary on the Risala of Ibn Abu Zayd al-Qayrawani. He also penned three commentaries on the scholarly text Al-Qurtubiyya, thirty commentaries on Al-Hikam ยดAta’iyya, an elucidation of Allah’s Most Beautiful Names, and a commentary on Dala’il al-Khayrat. Other works of his also include Al-Nasa’ih al-Kafiya, Qawa’id al-Sufiyya (also known as Qawa’id al-Tasawwuf), and Al-ยดAqa’id al-Khams. He authored other writings on Sufism, and quite a number of precious tracts and epistles.

He lived until the age of sixty three. Biographers have ascribed to him a work of autobiography, covering his life from birth to death, wherein he was wont to jot down things in the latter part of every day. He was born on Thursday, 12 Muharram AH 846. His maternal grandmother took care of his upbringing. She was one of Allah’s Friends and a woman of righteousness and purity. When he reached four years of age, she had had him memorize the Qur’an. She thus brought him up through precept and the inculcation of perfection, until he grew up fond of worship and consistently recitating litanies.

At this point, he commenced seeking knowledge of the outward sciences, the pursuit of which occupied him until people pointed to him as an authority. He came to then teach these sciences, engage in circles of learning to admonish people, and deliver lessons. As a result, he became famous and scholars were drawn to him, basking in his pesence, and taking from his sciences and gnoses. After all this, Sufism became endeared to him, and he joined the path of the Sufis at the hand of the guide in spiritual wayfaring, our master ‘Abdullah al-Makki. From him he took the spiritual way, serving him continuously for some time.

While in his service, it so happened that one day when visiting his guide [‘Abdullah al-Makki] during the latter’s solitary retreat, he beheld two women of beautiful form in his guide’s company, one on his right and the other on his left. The wide appeared to turn now to this one and then to that one.

Upon seeing this, our master Zarruq whispered to himself: ‘This man is a heretic’, whereupon the teacher retorted: `Go away, you jew!’

Sidi Ahmad Zarruq thus went away, and it was as if his teacher had cast the descriptive attribute of a jew upon him. He wept on account of this, and beseeched Allah Most High, setting out for one of his beloved companions and requesting that he go to the teacher and seek to win his favour. His dear friend accompanied him to the teacher and tried to attract his sympathetic compassion back towards Zarruq. Al-Makki pardoned and accepted him, saying: ‘On condition you do not sit with us in a country where I happen to be in.’ Thereafter, al-Makki turned to him and said: ‘O Zarruq, the two women who appeared to be ambiguously unclear to you, and who resembled one another in your perception, are this world and the Next. This world desires my advancement towards it, and the Hereafter requires from me that I should approach it, but I do not turn attentively to the utterance of either of them.’

After this incident, our master Zarruq left the city of Fez and set out for Cairo, where he met up with our liege and master, Abu’l-‘Abbas al-Hadrami. He took the path from him and received instruction in devotional recitations [awrad] from him. At his hand, a mighty spiritual illumination was bestowed upon him, so he too became a guide of spiritual instruction. He became affiliated to Abu’l-‘Abbas al-Hadrami and cleaved to his company. He was the only guide on whom he exclusively relied for journeying across the path.

When Egyptian scholars and pious men heard about his arrival, they paid visits to him in delegations, kept his company and attended his lessons. He took up a lecturing post at the noble institute of al-Azhar, his classes there being attended by approximately six thousand people from Cairo and the surrounding areas of Egypt.

He performed the functions of imam of the Malikiyya, becoming the main teacher of the portico allocated to their school in al-Azhar. They set up a tall chair for him, resting on firm pillars and with a strikingly original and well-constructed shape. He would seat on it, deliver his lectures and enrich the attendees by his knowledge. Both free men and slaves benefited from his presence. This chair still exists until the present time by the portico of the Moroccan masters in the noble institute of al-Azhar.

He exercised tremendous influence and authority over the Emirs of Egypt, while all Egyptians, the elite and commonality alike, accepted him.

After his time in Egypt, he relocated to Libya’s Tripoli, where he brought the signposts of the path to life and shed clear light on the actualization of ultimate reality. There, he lent fame to the Shadhili Path and turned their radiant luminaries into household names. Committed disciples yielded to him submissively, while the kings of the world were awe-struck by him. He gathered with the master of all Messengers ๏ทบ, and a path was ascribed to him when the lights of the folk of ultimate reality manifested on him. While holding his beard, he was instructed by his spiritual state to say about the arena of real men: ‘There is no shaykh after this beard.’

He was a man endowed with a mighty spiritual state, radiance, beauty and bravery. Allah Most High acquainted him with hidden realities, so he spoke in languages other than Arabic, no two people disagreeing about this fact, and no conflicting statements on this having issued forth from any two individuals. He possessed the greatest capacity of disposal in matters, and was the brightest succour of men.

Saintly miracles emanated from him, and he was gifted veracious states. Among his miracles is when he passed an Arab tribe of Tripoli, consisting of brigands and highway robbers, no caravan passing by them but that they would plunder it. They looted him and his companions, forcing them to cover their private parts with their hands (as everything had been seized and pilloried from them). A disciple looked at our master and found him in an unchanged state, and said to one of the bedouins who had plundered the group: ‘Look at that teacher, he has some gold in his trousers.’ The bedouin thus came up to our master and instructed him to remove his trousers, whereupon the shaykh replied: ‘Glory be to Allah! It is forbidden for us to lay bare our private parts.’ The bedouin repeated the order a second time, saying, ‘Take it off, or else I shall kill you!’ Our master admonished him, saying, ‘It is prohibited for us to expose our private parts.’ The bedouin advanced towards our master, who instructed the earth, saying ‘Swallow them!’ The earth seized all of the bedouins, so they began humbly imploring our master, saying, ‘We have turned (in repentance) to Allah.’ Our master then told the earth, ‘Release them, earth’, and it set them free from its clasp, whereupon they came out of it and proclaimed their repentance in unison. Thereafter, they kept our master’s company, all of them without exception, and became servants of the Zarruqiyya Zawiya. To this day, their descendants serve the zawiya, and they are called “the servants of the Zarruqiyya Zawiya”.

Among his sayings are these verses from his poem rhyming in ta’ [ta’iyyah]:

I have fled from creation, all without exception
Perchance I’ll see my heart’s Beloved with my eye.
I have ruled the Western world, no part of it excepted;
While all Eastern nations are in my grip seized
To my committed disciple, I gather his loose threads
Whenever oppressive times by my own force pounce down.
If you, then, are in grief; tightness or hardship,
Call out, ‘0 Zarruq! ‘ I’ll be there in a moment.
How many a sorrow is removed when our name is mentioned,
And how many a sorrow is removed by instants of my company.

He passed away โ€” may Allah be pleased with him and benefit [us] through him โ€” in AH 899 and was buried in Misurata, near Tripoli in Libya. A large mosque has been built over his remains, in which the Islamic rites are established, together with a shrine and mausoleum visited by people: no one directs himself to Allah there through him but that he attains what he hopes for.

O Allah, we direct ourselves to You through him so that You might be for us a Helper and a Supporter, and so that You might raise us in the company of Your Friends, succesfully convoy us to service fort hem, and cause us to die with love fort hem until we meet Y7u, O Lord of the worlds!

Footnotes:
[1] See his biography in al-A’lam (1/91), Ibn Jadhwat al-Igtibas li Dhikr Man Halla min al-A’lam Madina Fas (p. 60), Ibn al-‘Imad’s Shadharat al-Dhahab (7/363), where he is named as Ismail b. Muhammad al-Burlusi, Mu’jam al-Matbu’at (p. 965), al-Khazanat al-Taymuriyya (3/121), Dar al-Kutub (1/269, 317, 376) and Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din al-Tu`mi (p. 136).

Reference:
Muhammad b. Qasim al-Kuhin(2016), Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis, Visions of Reality Books.

Svenska

Imam Ahmad Zarraq
Samanfattning frรฅn: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra
Kultursรคllskapet Damas ยฉ 2008

Hans fullstรคndiga namn Abรป al-โ€˜Abbรขs Ahmad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn โ€˜Isรข al-Barnรปsรฎ al-Fรขsรฎ, kรคnd som al-Zarrรปq. Han fรถddes 846 H. i Fas, och uppfostrades av sin mormor, som var en from och helig kvinna. Vid fyra รฅrs รฅlder bรถrjade hon lรคra honom Koranen, och under hennes omvรฅrdnad vรคxte han upp med kรคrlek till โ€˜ibรขda och regelbunden dhikr. Han studerade de religiรถsa vetenskaperna, tills han fick kallelsen att bรถrja predika. Hans lektioner vann snabbt spridning, och bรฅde lรคrda och vanligt folk kom fรถr att lyssna.

Hans fรถrsta Sheikh i tasawwuf var Sheikh โ€˜Abd Allah al-Makki. En dag kom han in till honom i hans khalwa (privata bรถnerum) och fick syn pรฅ tvรฅ vackra kvinnor som satt pรฅ varderaa sidan av Sheikhen, medan denne vรคnde sig รคn till den ena och รคn till den andra. Imam al-Zarruq sade till sig sjรคlv: Den hรคr mannen รคr en zindiq (gudlรถs person). Hans Sheikh vรคnde sig dรฅ till honom och sade: Gรฅ din vรคg, din jude! Han gick ut, grรฅtande รถver Sheikhens tilltal och bรถnfรถll Allah om fรถrlรฅtelse. Sedan uppsรถkte han nรฅgra vรคnner och bad dem gรถra fรถrbรถn fรถr honom infรถr Sheikhen. Sheikhen fรถrsonade sig med honom och omfamnade honom och kysste honom, men stรคllde som villkor att han mรฅste lรคmna landet. Sedan sade han: O Zarruq, de tvรฅ kvinnorna som du tyckte dig se i mitt sรคllskap var i sjรคlva verket denna vรคrlden (al-duniรข) och den nรคstkommande (al-รขkhira). Denna vรคrlden ville att jag skulle ta emot henne, och den nรคstkommnade ville att jag skulle tillvรคnda mig henne โ€“ men jag tog inte emot nรฅgon av dem.

Dรคrefter lรคmnade Imam Zarruq Fas och reste till Egypten, dรคr han mรถtte Sheikh Abu al-โ€˜Abbas al-Hadrami, som blev hans slutgiltiga lรคromรคstare. Frรฅn honom antog han Shadhili-tariqan och lรคrde sig dess awrรขd, och under honom nรฅdde han stora andliga hรถjder. Han blev snart kรคnd bland de egyptiska lรคrda, som bรถrjade nรคrvara vid hans lektioner och fรถlja hans vรคgledning. Han blev mufti fรถr Maliki-skolan, och fick stort inflytande bland landets ledare. Han undervisade vid Azhar-universitet, med ca. sextusen รฅhรถrare frรฅn Cairo och hela Egypten, och dรคr byggdes en upphรถjd stol som han kunde undervisa frรฅn (denna stol finns bevarad รคn idag).

Sedan reste han till Tripoli, dรคr han spred Shadhili-tariqan och vรคgledde mรฅnga murider. Mรฅnga av landets ledare, som รคgnade sig รฅt religiรถs kunskap, hade stor aktning fรถr honom. Han dog i Tripoli รฅr 899 H. En stor moskรฉ har upprรคttats i ansutning till hans begravningsplats.

Till hans skrifter hรถr:

– en Korankommentar
– en kommentar till Risรขla Abรฎ Zayd al-Qรฎrwรขnรฎ
– tre olika kommentarer till Al-Matn al-Qurt?รปbiyya
– trettiosex olika kommentarer till Al-Hikam al-โ€˜At?รขiyya
– en komentar till Asmรข’ Allah al-husnรข
– en kommmentar till Dalรข’il al-Khayrรขt
– al-Nasรข’ih, Qawรขโ€˜id al-Tasawwuf, Al-โ€˜Aqรข’id al-Khams m.m.

———-

Ref: Tabaqรขt al-Shรขdhiliyya av al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Kรปhin al-Fรขsรฎ

ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Kuhin โ†“: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [33] online
2. From shazellia.com โ†“


[33] ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚([1])
(846- 899)
ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑูุŒ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ูƒู„ ู…ุฌุฐูˆุจ ูˆุนุงุฑูุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนูŠุณู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุณูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุฒุฑู‘ููˆู‚.

ูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ู‹ุง ุนุงู…ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุฒุงู‡ุฏู‹ุง ูˆุฑุนู‹ุงุŒ ู„ู‡ ุชุขู„ูŠู ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุง ุชูƒุงุฏ ุชู†ุญุตุฑุ› ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชูุณูŠุฑู‡ ู„ู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ยซุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุฑูˆุงู†ูŠยปุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุดุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ยซุงู„ู‚ุฑุทุจูŠุฉยปุŒ ูˆุณุชุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูˆู† ุดุฑุญู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ยซุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉยปุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญุณู†ู‰ุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญูŒ ุนู„ู‰ ยซุฏู„ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุงุชยปุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒุชุงุจ ยซุงู„ู†ุตุงุฆุญยปุŒ ูˆูƒุชุงุจ ยซู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉยปุŒ ูˆยซุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณยปุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุขู„ูŠู ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ ูˆุฑุณุงุฆู„ุŒ ูˆุนุฏุฉ ู…ุคู„ูุงุช ู†ููŠุณุฉ.

ุนุงุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุซู„ุงุซู‹ุง ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุญุณุจูˆุง ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆู… ูˆูุงุชู‡ ูƒุฑู‘ูŽุงุณู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตู ููŠ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู….

ูˆู„ุฏ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุณ ุงุซู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุญุฑู… ุนุงู… ุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุณุชุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุชูˆู„ู‰ ุชุฑุจูŠุชู‡ ุฌุฏุชู‡ ู„ุฃู…ู‘ูู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ุทุงู‡ุฑุงุชุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุชู… ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุญูุธุชู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑุช ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุดุฃ ู…ุญุจู‹ู‘ุง ู„ู„ุนุจุงุฏุฉุŒ ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุฃุฐูƒุงุฑ.

ูุฃุฎุฐ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุทู„ุจู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุฃูุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุชูƒู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุฌู„ุณ ู„ู„ูˆุนุธุŒ ูˆุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณุŒ ูุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุฃู…ุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุตุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆู†ุฒู„ุช ุจุณุงุญุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู‚ุชุจุณุช ู…ู† ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ูˆู…ุนุงุฑูู‡ุŒ ุซู… ุญูุจู‘ูุจูŽ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ ูุงู†ุชุธู… ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ูƒ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠุŒ ูุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุงุฒู… ุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‹ุง.

ูˆุงุชูู‚ ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ูˆุชู‡ ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ูุฑุฃู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู…ุฑุฃุชูŠู† ุฌู…ูŠู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุฅุญุฏุงู‡ู…ุง ุนู† ูŠู…ูŠู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู† ูŠุณุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู„ุชูุชู ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุงุฑุฉู‹ุŒ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุงุฑุฉู‹ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡: ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฒู†ุฏูŠู‚([2]). ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ: ุงุฐู‡ุจ ูŠุง ูŠู‡ูˆุฏูŠ. ูุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ููƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏุŒ ูุตุงุฑ ูŠุจูƒูŠุŒ ูˆูŠุชุถุฑุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ุดู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุฃุญุจุงุจู‡ุŒ ูุณุฃู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุนุทูู‡ุŒ ูู…ุดู‰ ู…ุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐุŒ ูุงุณุชุนุทูู‡ุŒ ูุนุทููŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุจู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุจุดุฑุท ุฃู„ุง ูŠุฌู„ุณูŽ ู…ุนู†ุง ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู ุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ุชูุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุชุงู† ุงู„ู„ุชุงู† ุชุดุจู‡ุชุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑุฉุŒ ูุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุชูุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑุฉ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู„ุชูุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…ุง.
ูุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู…ู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูุงุณุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏู…ูŽ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุตุฑุŒ ูˆุชู„ุงู‚ู‰ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุชู„ู‚ู‘ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆููุชุญ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชุณุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุงุฒู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ู…ุนูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡.

ูˆู„ู…ุง ุณู…ุนุช ุจู‚ุฏูˆู…ู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุถู„ุงุก ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุตุฑ ูˆูุฏูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู…ุซู„ูˆุง ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ูˆุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฏุฑูˆุณู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ูŠุฏุฑุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุถุฑ ุฏุฑุณู‡ ุฒู‡ุงุก ุณุชุฉ ุขู„ุงู ู†ูุณ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฑ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงุฒู‡ุง.
ูˆุชูˆู„ู‰ ุฅู…ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฑูˆุงู‚ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู†ุตุจูˆุง ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุณูŠู‹ู‘ุง ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑูƒุงู†ุŒ ุจุฏูŠุน ุงู„ุฅุชู‚ุงู†ุŒ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุฌู„ุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ูˆูŠููŠุฏุŒ ูุงู†ุชูุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนุจูŠุฏุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุงุฑุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู.

ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ุตูˆู„ุฉูŒ ูˆุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู…ุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุนุงู….

ุซู… ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ูุฃุญูŠุง ุจู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุฃูˆุถุญ ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุดุฑ ุฃุนู„ุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู†ู‚ุงุฏุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ุงุจุชู‡ ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุฌุชู…ุน ุจุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู†ูุณุจุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุธู‡ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุฑ ุจู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู…ุงุณูƒู‹ุง ุจู„ุญูŠุชู‡: ู„ุง ุดูŠุฎ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญูŠุฉ.

ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุตุงุญุจ ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆุจู‡ุงุก ูˆุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆุฏู„ุงู„ุŒ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุบูŠุจุงุชุŒ ูู†ุทู‚ ุจุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุชุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠู‡ ุงุซู†ุงู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู‘ู„ ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ุงู†ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุตุงุญุจู ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆุบูˆุซู ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ.

ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุตุงุฏู‚ุฉุŒ ูู…ู† ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ุฃู† ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจุงุฆู„ ุนุฑุจ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‚ุทุงุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ู„ุง ุชู…ุฑ ุจู‡ู… ู‚ุงูู„ุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู†ู‡ุจูˆู‡ุงุŒ ูู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูู†ู‡ุจูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชุฑูƒูˆู‡ู… ู…ุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูู†ุธุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุงุŒ ููˆุฌุฏู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุชุบูŠุฑุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนุฑุจุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู†ู‡ุจูˆุง ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุงุŒ ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฐู‡ุจูŒ ููŠ ุณุฑูˆุงู„ู‡([3])ุŒ ูุฌุงุก ุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูˆู‚ุงู„: ุงู†ุฒุน ุงู„ุณุฑูˆุงู„. ูู‚ุงู„: ุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุนูˆุฑุฉู ูŠุญุฑู…ู ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูƒุดูู‡ุง. ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: ุงู†ุฒุนู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅู„ุง ู‚ุชู„ุชูƒุŒ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูŠุนุธูู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡: ุงู„ุนูˆุฑุฉ ุญุฑุงู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูƒุดูู‡ุง. ูุชู‚ุฏู‘ูŽู… ุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุงุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ: ุงุจู„ุนูŠู‡ู… ูŠุง ุฃุฑุถ. ูุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุงุŒ ูุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠุชุถุฑู‘ูŽุนูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุงุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: ุชุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ: ุฃุทู„ู‚ูŠู‡ู… ูŠุง ุฃุฑุถ. ูุฃุทู„ู‚ุชู‡ู…. ูุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชุงุจูˆุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑูˆุง ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุงุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชุฎู„ู ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃุญุฏุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑูˆุง ุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุณู„ู‡ู… ูŠุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฎุฏู‘ูŽุงู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆู‚ูŠุฉ.

ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชุงุฆูŠุชู‡:
ูุฅู†ูŠ ู‡ุฌุฑุช ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุทุฑู‘ู‹ุง ุจุฃุณุฑูู‡ุง * ู„ุนู„ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ู…ุญุจูˆุจ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุจู…ู‚ู„ุชูŠ([4])
ูˆู…ู„ูƒุช ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุทุฑู‘ู‹ุง ุจุฃุณุฑูู‡ุง * ูˆูƒู„ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ููŠ ุทูŠ ู‚ุจุถุชูŠ
ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠ ุฌุงู…ุนูŒ ู„ุดุชุงุชู‡ * ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุณุทุง ุฌูˆุฑู ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ุจุณุทูˆุชูŠ
ูุฅู†ู’ ูƒู†ุชูŽ ููŠ ูƒุฑุจู ูˆุถูŠู‚ ูˆุดุฏุฉ * ูู†ุงุฏ ุฃูŠุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุขุช ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
ููƒู… ูƒุฑุจุฉ ุชุฌู„ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุฐูƒุฑ ุงุณู…ู†ุง * ูˆูƒู… ูƒุฑุจุฉ ุชุฌู„ู‰ ุจุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุตุญุจุชูŠ

ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู†ูุน ุจู‡ ุนุงู… ุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุจุณู…ู„ุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ุงู„ุบุฑุจุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุณุฌุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ุชู‚ุงู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุงุฆุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ูŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญ ูŠุฒุงุฑุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุชูˆุณู‘ูŽู„ ุจู‡ ู…ุชูˆุณู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ูˆู†ุงู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชุฌูŠู‡.

ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅู†ุง ู†ุชูˆุณู„ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู†ุง ูˆู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู†ุง ู…ูุนูŠู†ู‹ุง ูˆู†ุงุตุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุงุญุดุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุฒู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆูˆูู‚ู†ุง ู„ุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู‡ู… ุญุชู‰ ู†ู„ู‚ุงูƒ ูŠุง ุฑุจู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนูŠุณู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณุŒ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ูู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุญุฏุซ ุตูˆููŠ. ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ูุงุณุŒ ุชูู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุจู„ุฏู‡ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุจู…ุตุฑ. ูˆู„ุฏ ุณู†ุฉ 846 ู‡ู€ ูˆุชูˆููŠ ููŠ ุชูƒุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ 899 ู‡ู€. ุบู„ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูุชุฌุฑุฏ ูˆุณุงุญุŒ ู„ู‡ ุชุตุงู†ูŠู ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ยซุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑยป ูˆยซุดุฑุญ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู„ยปุŒ ูˆยซุฅุนุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุฌู‡ยป ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (1/91)].
([2]) ุงู„ุฒู†ุฏูŠู‚: ู…ู† ูŠุจุทู† ุงู„ูƒูุฑ ูˆูŠุฎููŠู‡ ูˆูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ุงู†.
([3]) ุงู„ุณุฑูˆุงู„: ู„ุจุงุณ ูŠุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑูƒุจุชูŠู† ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ุทุงู„.
([4]) ุงู„ุทู‘ูุฑู‘ู: ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ.


ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…

ู†ุณุจู‡

ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนูŠุณู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ูˆุณูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุจุฒุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุถู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุชุจุญุฑ ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุชุตุงู†ูŠู ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุจ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฏุฉ.

ู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡:

ูˆู„ุฏ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุถูŠ ุนู†ู‡ ุซุงู…ู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฑู… ุนุงู… 846ูˆุชูˆู„ู‰ ุชุฑุจูŠุชู‡ ุฌุฏุชู‡ ุจุนุฏ ูˆูุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ูุชุฑุจู‰ ููŠ ุญุฌุฑู‡ุง ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฏุนู‰ ุฃู… ุงู„ุจู†ูŠู† ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ูู‚ูŠู‡ุฉ ููƒูู„ุชู‡ ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ูุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงุจู† ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูŠู† ูˆู‚ูŠู„ ุงุจู† ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูŠู† ูˆุตุงุฑุช ุชุฑุจูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุดุฃ ู…ุญุจุงู‹ ู„ู„ุนุจุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฃุฐูƒุงุฑ.

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู:

ู„ู…ุง ุงุดุชุฏ ุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฒุฉ ุซู… ุชุฑูƒู‡ุง ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุนู„ู… ุจุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุนุตุฑู‡ ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฃ ุจุญุฑู ู†ุงูุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฒุฑู‡ูˆุชูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงุตูŠ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุท ูˆุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุซุนุงู„ุจูŠ ูˆุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุงุฒูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ูˆุณูŠ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุขุฎุฑูŠู† ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุชูู‚ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ู…ู†ุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูู‚ุตุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุนุตุฑู‡ ูƒุงู„ู‚ุณุทู„ุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุจูƒุฑูŠ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุนุงุตุฑุงู‹ ู„ู„ุญุงูุธ ุงู„ุณูŠูˆุทูŠ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฏุฑู‰ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุจู‡ ุฃู… ู„ุง ูˆู„ู…ุง ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุตุฑ ูˆูุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุญุถุฑ ุฏุฑุณู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ ุฒู‡ุงุก ุณุชุฉ ุขู„ุงู ู†ูุณ .

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู:

ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุงู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุจุบู†ู‰ู‹ ุนู† ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูˆุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ ูˆู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ุตุฉ ุจุฏุก ุชุตูˆูู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ : ุทูุช ู…ุดุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆู…ุบุงุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ ูˆุงุณุชุนู…ู„ุช ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ูู…ุง ุทู„ุจุช ู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ ุจุดูŠุกู ุฅู„ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุจุนุฏู†ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุจุดูŠุกู ุฅู„ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุนู†ูŠุงู‹ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ุชูˆุฌู‡ุช ู„ุฅุฑุถุงุก ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฅู„ุง ูƒุงู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆูู ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููุฒุนุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ ูุฎุฑุฌุช ุจูุถู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ุฉ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ููุฒุนุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุณู„ุงู… ูุฎุฑุฌ ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู„ ูุทุฑุญุช ู†ูุณูŠ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ุทุฑุญุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุตุญุจู‡ ุญูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุŒ ูุตุญ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงู„ุบู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ูŠุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุจุงุน ุจุดูˆุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุทุจุงุน ูˆู„ู…ุง ูŠุฑุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑุงู‹ ูˆู†ู‡ูŠุงู‹ ูˆุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ ูˆู‚ู‡ุฑุงู‹ ุŒ ูˆุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุตุญุจู‡ุง ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฑุคูŠุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุตุญุจู‡ุง ุงุนู…ุงุฏ ุŒ ูˆุงุชุณุงุนุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุตุญุจู‡ ุถูŠู‚ ุŒ ูˆุถูŠู‚ุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุตุญุจู‡ ุงุชุณุงุน ุŒ ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู„ :

ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญุณุจ ุฃู† ูˆุตู„ูƒ ูŠุดุชุฑู‰…………. ุจู†ูุงุฆุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุจุงุญ

ูˆุธู†ู†ุช ุฌู‡ู„ุงู‹ ุฃู† ุญุจูƒ ู‡ูŠู†………………… ุชูู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุฑุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ

ุญุชู‰ ุฑุฃูŠุชูƒ ุชุฌุชุจูŠ ูˆุชุฎุต ู…ู†……………… ุชุฎุชุงุฑู‡ ุจู„ุทุงุฆู ุงู„ุฃู…ู†ุงุญ

ูุนู„ู…ุช ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชู†ุงู„ ุจุญูŠู„ุฉ………………….. ูู„ูˆูŠุช ุฑุฃุณูŠ ุชุญุช ุทูŠ ุฌู†ุงุญ

ูˆุฌุนู„ุช ููŠ ุนุดูู‘ ุงู„ุบุฑุงู… ุฅู‚ุงู…ุชูŠ………….. ููŠู‡ ุบุฏูˆูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ูˆุฑูˆุงุญูŠ

ุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู:

ูˆู„ู…ุง ุญุจุจ ู„ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ุฅู†ุชุธู… ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ูƒ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠ ูู„ุงุฒู…ู‡ ูˆุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุฒู…ุงู†ุงู‹ ุŒ ุซู… ุณู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุฃุจูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ูŠ ุŒ ุซู… ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูุงุณ ูˆุฏุฎู„ ู…ุตุฑ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู… ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ู…ุน ุบูˆุซ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ ูˆู…ุฑุดุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุชุณุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู† ุงู†ุชุณุจ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ู…ุนูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุจุดุฑ ุจู‚ุฏูˆู…ู‡ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฌูŠุฆู‡ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ู… : ู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุชู„ุชู‚ูˆุง ุฃุฎุงูƒู….

ูˆู„ู…ุง ุงุชุตู„ ุจุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ุถุฑุจู‡ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ูŠ ู…ู† ูุงุณ ุถุฑุจุฉ ูˆุณู„ู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชูƒุณุฑุช ูŠุฏู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุงู‡ุง ู„ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ : ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนุตู…ูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู‚ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ูŠ ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุถุฑุจูƒ ุถุฑุจุฉู‹ ูุฏูุนุชู‡ุง ุนู†ูƒ .

ูุชุญู‡ ู„ู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุฅูƒุฑุงู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ู‡:

ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุฃุฎุฑ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุซู… ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ูุฃุญูŠุง ุจู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุฃูˆุถุญ ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุดุฑ ุฃุนู„ุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉ ูุงู†ู‚ุงุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ูˆู‡ุงุจุชู‡ ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงุฌุชู…ุน ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆู†ุณุจุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุณู…ูŠุช (ุจุงู„ุฒุฑูˆู‚ูŠุฉ)ูˆุฃู…ุฑ ุจู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู…ุงุณูƒุงู‹ ุจู„ุญูŠุชู‡ : ู„ุง ุดูŠุฎ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญูŠุฉ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุตุงุญุจ ุญุงู„ ูˆุจู‡ุงุก ูˆุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆุฏู„ุงู„ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุบูŠุจุงุช ูˆู†ุทู‚ ุจุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ู„ู… ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠู‡ ุฅุซู†ุงู† ูˆู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ุงู† ูู‡ูˆ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ.

ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ุณุจุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุงุช ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฎุจุฑ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ :

ู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฌุฑุช ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุทุฑูŽู‘ุงู‹ ุจุฃุณุฑู‡ู……………. ุนู„ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ู…ุญุจูˆุจ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุจู…ู‚ู„ุชูŠ

ูˆูˆุฌู‡ุช ูˆุฌู‡ูŠ ู„ู„ุฐูŠ ูุทุฑ ุงู„ุณู…ุง……….. ูˆุฃุนุฑุถุช ุนู† ุฃูู„ุงูƒู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชู†ูŠุฑุฉ

ูˆุนู„ู‚ุช ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ูŠ ุชู‡ู…ู…ุงู‹…………… ูˆูƒูˆุดูุช ุจุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุฉ

ูˆู‚ู„ุฏุช ุณูŠู ุงู„ุนุฒ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุบู‰……… ูˆุตุฑุช ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุตุงุญุจ ุฑูุนู‡

ูˆู…ู„ูƒุช ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุทุฑูŽู‘ุงู‹ ุจุฃุณุฑู‡ุง…………… ูˆูƒู„ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ููŠ ุทูŠูู‘ ู‚ุจุถุชูŠ

ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠ ุฌุงู…ุนูŒ ู„ุดุชุงุชู‡………………….. ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุณุทุง ุฌูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ุจุณุทูˆุชูŠ

ูุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ูƒุฑุจ ูˆุถูŠู‚ู ูˆุดุฏุฉู…………… ูู†ุงุฏู ุฃูŠุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ู ุขุชู ุจุณุฑุนุฉู

ููƒู… ูƒุฑุจุฉูŒ ุชุฌู„ู‰ ุจู…ูƒู†ูˆู† ุนุฒู†ุง………………. ูˆูƒู… ุทุฑูุฉู ุชุฌู†ู‰ ุจุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุตุญุจุชูŠ

ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูุฏูŽู…ู ุนุธูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ู‚ู„ ุนู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุงู„ ููŠู‡: ุฅู†ู‡ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู„ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡.

ูƒุชุจู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡:

ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุชุขู„ูŠู ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุงูุฉ ูู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฃุณู‡ุง ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุตูˆุง ู…ุคู„ูุงุชู‡ ููˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุฃู„ู ูƒูŽู‘ุฑุงุณุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตู ู…ู† ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุคู„ูุงุชู‡ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฅูุงุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง :

1- ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… .

2- ุดุฑุญ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุฃุจูŠ ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุฑูˆุงู†ูŠ .

3- ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุดุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุทุจูŠุฉ .

4- ุณุชุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูˆู† ุดุฑุญุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉ .

5- ุดุฑุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญุณู†ู‰ .

6- ุดุฑุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏู„ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุงุช .

7- ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู†ุตุงุฆุญ .

8- ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ .

9- ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ .

ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุขู„ูŠู ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุณุงุฆู„ ู†ููŠุณุฉ .

ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡:

ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง :

ุฃู† ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจุงุฆู„ ุนุฑุจ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‚ุทุงุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ุง ุชู…ุฑูู‘ ุจู‡ู… ู‚ุงูู„ุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู†ู‡ุจูˆู‡ุง ูู…ุฑ ุจู‡ู… ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูู†ู‡ุจูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชุฑูƒูˆู‡ู… ู…ุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุฑุฉ ูู†ุธุฑ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฐู‡ุจ ููŠ ุณุฑูˆุงู„ู‡ ูุฃู…ุฑูˆู‡ ุจู†ุฒุน ุงู„ุณุฑูˆุงู„ ูู‚ุงู„ : ุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุญุฑู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูƒุดูู‡ุง ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉู‹ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ูŠู†ุตุญูู‡ู ุŒ ูุชู‚ุฏู… ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงุจู„ุนูŠู‡ู… ูุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ุŒ ูุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠุชุถุฑุนูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุชุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฃุทู„ู‚ูŠู‡ู… ูุชุงุจูˆุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ูˆุตุงุฑูˆุง ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูˆู„ู… ูŠุชุฎู„ูŽู‘ู ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃุญุฏ ูˆุตุงุฑูˆุง ุฎุฏูŽู‘ุงู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู† ู…ู† ู†ุณู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูŠุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆู‚ูŠุฉ .

ูˆูุงุชู‡:

ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู†ูุน ุจู‡ ุนุงู… ุซู…ุงู†ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ุนู† ุนู…ุฑู ูŠู†ุงู‡ุฒ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ูˆุฏูู† ุจุณู…ู„ุงุทุฉ ููŠ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุณุฌุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชู‚ุงู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุงุฆุฑ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู… ูˆุถุฑูŠุญ ูŠุฒุงุฑ .

ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุน:

1- ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุต144 ุงู„ุญุณู† ุจู† ูƒูˆู‡ู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠ .

2- ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ุดุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุต143 ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠุฏูŠ

3- ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุต136 ู…ุญูŠูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุทุนูŠู…ูŠ .

Writings


t.b.d.

Burial Place

Maqam of Sheikh Ahmad Zarruq in Misrata, Libya


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zaruq zarouq zarrouq zerruk
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Bio: Imam al-Jazuli

Sayyidi Imam Muhammad b. Sulayman al-Jazuli al-Hasani al-Shadhili

ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฌุฒูˆู„ูŠ – ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฌูุฒููˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณู…ู„ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ
d. 869/870/873 H. in Marrakash
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทฝ

Author of Dala’il al-Khayrat
 

English

1. From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyya
2. Biograhical note by Anonymous

Imam al-Jazuli
(d. 870/1465)

From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

He is the godly imam, lordly qutb, and the solitary [fard]. He is the perfect man enamoured in the Divine Essence, and the realized gnostic who gathered the perfections of Muhammadan sanctity. He is the supporting foundation of instruction and guidance, and the mentor of disciples leading them to the path of the folk of lofty realities. He is the crรจme de la crรจme of the knowers of Allah, the model of those realized, the succour of saints, and the treasury of select mystics, by whose renown riding parties were set into motion, and whose fame spread across nations. He is our master and virtuous imam, the perfected gnostic who arrived at his destination, and the axis and unmatched pearl of his age. He is our liege, the noble scion from the Prophetic lineage, Abu’l ‘Abdullah Muhammad al-Jazuli al-Hasani al-Shadhili, son of our master ‘Abd al-Rahman, son of our master Abu Bakr al-Murtada, son of our master Sulayman, son of our master Sa’ฤฐd, son of our master Ya’la, son of our master Yakhluf, son of our master Musa, son of our master Yusuf, son of our master ‘Abdullah, son of our master Jundun, son of our master ‘Abd al-Rahman, son of our master Hassan, son of our master Isma’ฤฐl, son of our master Ja’far, son of our master ‘Abdullah, son of our master Abu Muhammad al-Hasan, the Prophet’s grandson and sweet basil. [1]

He passed away, having been poisoned, in Afughal, in the second prostration of the Dawn prayer’s first cycle, on 16 Rabi` I, AH 870 [2]. He was buried after the Midday prayer on the same day, in the middle of the mosque he had set up in that locality. I have read in someone’s handwriting that he left no son behind.

Seventy-seven years after his death, his remains were moved from Sus to Marrakech. They buried him in the ‘Arus Gardens and a mausoleum and shrine were built over his tomb. When they exhumed him from his noble grave in Sus, they found him in the same state in which he had died, so they decided not to throw any fresh earth over his corpse. Throughout the intervening time, his conditions were unaltered, and the trace of the shave on his head was exactly as it had been on the day of his death, as if it had only recently been shaved. One of those present placed his finger on his noble forehead, holding the skin back from what lay underneath, and when he lifted his finger the blood returned to the spot, as it would happen to a person who is still alive.

His tomb in Marrakech is enveloped by a tremendous majesty, a shining light, and a manifest force. People congregate around his noble grave and read the Dala’il al-Khayrat over it, while the fragrance of musk exuded from his tomb pervades the mosque entirely.

He spoke at length about Sufism, penned fine ghazals and was bestowed truthful spiritual states. He would say: ‘My Lord said to me, “My slave, I have preferred you over My entire creation by the abundance of your prayers over My Prophet.”‘ The author of Mumti’a al-Asma’ said, by way of clarification: ‘What is meant is His preference for him over His other creatures of his age’ Unequivocal signs, in fact, appeared in him.

He had the best of students whose number exceeded twenty thousand, and who transmitted Prophetic hadith and sayings about the spiritual path and Sufism from him.

He had taken the lofty Shadhili Path from his mentor, the knower of Allah Most High, our master Abu ‘Abdullah Muhammad Amghar. He taught him facets of Sufism that would dazzle intellects and unlocked recondite and ambiguous aspects associated with it, as a result of which he became one of its luminaries.

Among the prominent disciples who took the path from him was the complete ghawth, the radiant proof, our liege and master Abu ‘Abdullah Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz b. ‘Abd al-Haqq known as al-Tabba`. He was a supreme succour who encompassed the secrets of the folk of ultimate reality. He was a notable scholar endowed with virtue and beneficence, and who made peculiar statements on the sciences and allusions of the Sufis.

A mausoleum that draws visiters was built over his remains, becoming hub for people of virtue and the spiritually elite. He is one of the seven axial saints buried in the city of Marrakech and from its spiritual fotresses. O Allah, benefit us through Your righteous Friends, and pour their spiritual sustentations over us at all the times, amin.

Footnotes:
[1] See his biography in al-A’lam (6/151), Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din al-Tu`mi (p. 193), al-Khazanat al-Taymuriyya (3/59), Shawariq al-Anwar, which names him as Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Rahman b. Sulayman, al-Qadi’s al-I’lam bi man Halla Marrakush wa Aghmat min al-A`lam (4/57-122), which reads: ‘Al-Jazuli or al-Juzuli with either the fath or the damm’, while al-Dhayl wa al-Takmila by lbn `Abd al-Malik al-Marrakushi refers to him al-Quzuli with a Qaf. It is said that in the Berber language it is pronounced Kuzuli. As for his other noun of ascription al-Simlali, it is an ascription to Simlala, one of Jazula’s tribal groupings.
[2] Muhammad b. Ahmad b. ‘Ali b. Abi’l-Mahasin Yusuf al-Fasi reports various reports on the date and year of his passing in Mumti’a al-Asma’ fi Dhikr al-Jazuli wa al-Tabba’ wa Ma Lahuma min al-Atba’. According to one opinion, he passed away on 4 Dhu al-Qa`da AH 869.

Source: Muhammad b. Qasim al-Kuhin, Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”



Sidi Mohammed b. Sulayman al-Jazouli al-Hassani
(d. 869/1454)

See also: Indepth article from dar-sirr Link to original | View


Biographical note
From damas-original.nur.nu
Author: Anonymous

His full name is Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Suleiman Ibn Abi Bakr Al-Jazuli Al-Simlali and was a descendant of Prophet Muhammad, praise and veneration be upon him, via his grandson Hasan, son of Ali, may Allah be pleased with them. Al Jazuli belonged to the Berber tribe of Jazula that settled in the Sus area of Morocco which lies between the Atlantic ocean and the Atlas mountains.

The date of his death is uncertain, however it occurred between the years 869-873 AH as he offered an obligatory prayer. In the Encyclopedia of Islam, 1957 Leiden, it is reported that seventy-seven years after his death his body was exhumed for reburial in Marrakesh and that his body had not decomposed.

He a descendant of the Prophet, Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him He belonged to the Berber tribe of Jazula which was settled in the Sus area of Morocco between the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlas Mountains. He studied locally and then went to the Madrasat AS-Saffareen in Fez where his room is still pointed out to visitors. After setting a tribal feud he left the area and spent the next forty years in Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. After this, he returned to Fez where he completed Dala’il al-Khayrat.

He was initiated into the Shadhili Tariqa by Sharif Abu Adullah Muhammad Ibn Amghar. He spent forteen years in Kbalwa (seclusion) and then went to Safi where he gathered around him many followers. The governor of Safi felt obliged to expel him and as a result, Imam Jazuli called down Allah’s wrath on the town and it subsequently fell into the hands of the Portugese for forty years According to a tradition, it was the governor of Safi who poisoned Jazuli and caused his death, whilst engaged in prayer, in 869 H (or 870 or 873) Seventy seven years after his death his body was exhumed for removal to Marrakesh and found to be uncorrupted (adapted from The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1957 Leiden).

It is said that the writer of Dala’il al-Khayrat once went on a journey , when in great need of water for making ablutions. he came upon a well but could not reach the water without a bucket and rope which he did not have. He became very worried . A young girl saw this and came to his assistance. She spat into the well whereupon the water rose to the top of its own accord. Seeing this miracle, he asked the girl ” And how is that possible?” The replied “I was able to do this through my asking for blessings upon the Prophet, Allah’s blessings and peace be upon the him.” Having thus seen the benefit of asking for blessings upon the Prophet, Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him , he decided to write Dala’il al-Khayrat.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [32] online
[32] ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฌุฒูˆู„ูŠ([1])
(…- 870)

ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ูุฑุฏู ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุจู‘ูŽุฉ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‘ู‚ู ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ู„ูƒู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุณู†ุฏู ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ูˆู…ูˆุตู„ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฒุจุฏุฉู ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุณููƒูุฑู’ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฃุตููŠุงุกุŒ ู…ู† ุณุงุฑุช ุจุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุตูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู†ุŒ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ูุงุถู„ุŒ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆูุฑูŠุฏ ุฏู‡ุฑู‡ ูˆุฃูˆุงู†ู‡ุŒ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฌูุฒููˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณู…ู„ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุจูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุถู‰ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณุนูŠุฏ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูŠุนู„ู‰ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูŠุฎู„ู ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ูˆุณู‰ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูŠูˆุณู ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฌู†ุฏูˆู† ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุญุณุงู† ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฌุนูุฑ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุณุจุท ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆุฑูŠุญุงู†ุชู‡.

ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุฃููˆุบุงู„ ู…ุณู…ูˆู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุญุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌุฏุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูƒุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุณุงุฏุณ ุนุดุฑ ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนุงู… ุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฏููู† ู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฃุณู‘ูŽุณู‡ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ.
ูˆูˆุฌุฏุช ุจุฎุทู‘ู ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุชุฑูƒ ูˆู„ุฏู‹ุง ุฐูƒุฑู‹ุง.

ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุณุจุน ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุชู‡ ู†ูู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูˆุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงูƒุดุŒ ูุฏูู†ูˆู‡ ุจุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุนุฑูˆุณ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจูู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุถุฑูŠุญูŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฑุฌูˆู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจุฑู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุจุณูˆุณ ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ ูƒู‡ูŠุฆุชู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุฏูู†ุŒ ู„ู… ุชุนุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ู† ุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ุดูŠุกูŒุŒ ูˆุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ุงุฑ ุฑุฃุณู‡ ูƒุญุงู„ ูŠูˆู… ู…ูˆุชู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู‡ุฏ ุจุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุŒ ูˆูˆุถุนูŽ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑูŠู† ุฃุตุจุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุญุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฏู… ุนู…ุง ุชุญุชู‡ุงุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุฑูุน ุฃุตุจุนู‡ ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฏู… ูƒู…ุง ูŠู‚ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠู‘ู.

ูˆู‚ุจุฑู‡ ุจู…ุฑุงูƒุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฌู„ุงู„ุฉูŒ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู†ูˆุฑ ุณุงุทุนุŒ ูˆุณุทูˆุฉ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุชุฒุงุญู…ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุจุฑู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ุฑุคูˆู† ยซุฏู„ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุงุชยป ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุจุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒ ุชุฎุฑุฌู ู…ู† ู‚ุจุฑู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุนุทุฑุช ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุทุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏูŽ ุจุฃุณุฑู‡.
ูˆู„ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ ูˆุชุบุฒู„ุงุช ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุตุงุฏู‚ุฉ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุฑุจูŠ: ูŠุง ุนุจุฏูŠุŒ ุฅู†ูŠ ูุถู‘ูŽู„ุชููƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฎู„ู‚ูŠุ› ุจูƒุซุฑุฉ ุตู„ุงุชูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุจูŠูŠ.

ู‚ุงู„ ุตุงุญุจ ยซู…ู…ุชุน ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุนยป: ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ููŠ ุนุตุฑู‡.
ูˆุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฎูู‰.

ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุฉ ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑุŒ ุชู†ูˆู ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃู„ูู‹ุงุŒ ูŠู†ู‚ู„ูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุŒ ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชุตูˆู.

ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู…ุบุงุฑุŒ ูุฃุชู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู…ุง ูŠูุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุญู„ู‘ูŽ ุบูˆุงู…ุถ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุชู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆู„.

ูˆู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ุงู„ุขุฎุฐูŠู† ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุบูˆุซู ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุณุงุทุน ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุจุงุนุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุบูˆุซู‹ุง ุฌุงู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ุดุงู…ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ูุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุฅุญุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒู„ุงู… ุบุฑูŠุจูŒ ููŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ูˆุฅุดุงุฑุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ุดู‡ุฑุชู‡ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุชูุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ูˆุตูู‡ุŒ ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุญุถุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุงูƒุด ุนุงู… ุชุณุน ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู… ูˆุถุฑูŠุญ ูŠุฒุงุฑุŒ ู…ูˆุฑุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ูุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุงุจุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฏููˆู†ูŠู† ุจุญุถุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุงูƒุดุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุจุทูŠู† ุจู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุฆูƒ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุฏุฑุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุชู‡ู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุญูŠู†. ุขู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ุจู† ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณู…ู„ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ: ุตุงุญุจ ยซุฏู„ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุงุชยป ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุณูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุดูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุฏ ุณู†ุฉ 807 ู‡ู€. ุชูู‚ู‡ ุจูุงุณุŒ ูˆุญูุธ ยซุงู„ู…ุฏูˆู†ุฉยป ููŠ ูู‚ู‡ ู…ุงู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง. ูˆุญุฌ ูˆู‚ุงู… ุจุณูŠุงุญุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ. ุซู… ุงุณุชู‚ุฑ ุจูุงุณ. ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃุชุจุงุน ูŠุณู…ูˆู† (ุงู„ุฌุฒูˆู„ูŠุฉ) ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุณู…ูˆู…ู‹ุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงู„ ุจู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุฏุนู‰ (ุฃูุบุงู„) ุณู†ุฉ 870 ู‡ู€ [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (6/151)].

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Bio: Imam al-Sha'rani

Sayyidi Al-Qutb al-Sha’rani al-Shafiยดi al-Shadhili

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุดุงูุนูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ
d. 973 H. (1565 CE) in Cairo – radiya Allah ‘anhu

.

๏ทฝ
A Hanafi scholar of comparative fiqh and author of numerous works on Law, ‘Aqida and tasawwuf.
 

English

Al-Qutb al-Sha`rani
(d. 973/1565)
From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya Al-Kubra
Transl. by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

He is the imam who applied his knowledge, the perfect liege of exalted ambition, the pupil of the eye [insan ‘ayn] of the pious, and the source of men [ `ayn insan] who arrive at their spiritual destination. He is the devout worshipper, the ascetic, the jurist, the muhaddith, the mystic, and the educator steering travellers along the spiritual path. He is the axis of the circle of the firmament peopled by the god-fearing, and the exemplar of saints and gnostics. He is the matchless pearl of the religiously conscientious and from those who reached the Divine. He is the heir of the sciences of the Prophets and Messengers, the one arranged in the chain of the ‘scholars of my Umma are like the Prophets of the Children of Israel’. 198 He is the guide for mankind upon the straight path, and the one singled out for noble affections from the Ever-Relenting King. It is upon him that perfect mysteries and gnoses have been poured into directly from the All-Knowing and Ever-Giving. He is the pivot of the nobles, substitutes and axial mystics. He is the teacher of the folk of guidance and noble orientation along the path, in sense and meaning, and in virtue and lineage โ€” without need of verification. He is the one endowed with two pure lineages, and gratified by direct witnessing of the Beauty of the two Presences. He is the crown of the din, the succour of Muslims, the teacher of those who dispose of matters in creation, and the shelter of the folk of stability. He is the one regaled with supreme sustentation and divine favour which cannot be encompassed. He is Abu’l-Mawahib199 Sharaf al-Din, our liege and master ‘Abd al-Wahhab, son of our master Ahmad, son of our master Shihab al-Din ‘Ali al-Sha’rani al-Ansari al-Shafi’i, al-Muhammadi (in essence and meaning), al-Shadhili (in terms of spiritual path and ultimate reality).200 He is the raiding warrior, the qutb of the Sha’rani [branch] of the Shadhili Order, and the springhead of the notables of exalted circles.

He was from the people of the supreme circles firmly realized in sanctity since the day of {Am I not your Lord?} [Sara al-A`raf: 172]. His inward and outward was Muhammadi; or you could say that he was Khidri and Nurani.

He grew up as an orphan under the care of Allah’s Prophet, our master al-Khidr and under the watchful eye of his grandfather, Sayyidi Shihab al-Din. He was thus born and grew up as a Friend of Allah Most High. When he reached the full bloom of his youth, the signs of surpassing noble-mindedness and sanctity manifested in him. He accordingly pursued knowledge, memorizing the Qur’an and some scholarly texts, and mastering sciences and branches of knowledge. He was veiled by jurisprudence until, when his mature guidance was completed and his fame spread widely, he busied himself with the spiritual path, whereupon the glad tidings of the accurate actualizers of truth shone upon him, and he turned into one of the relied upon pillars of the path. Allah established him as a mercy unto the world when he gathered with the master of Allah’s slaves [๏ทบ]. He strove the way distinguished ones do until he became counted among the paragons of manly virtue.

He spent many years without ever lying down on the earth, whether in the daytime or at night. Nay, he would tie a rope from the ceiling of his solitary retreat to his neck at night so that he would not fall. He would go hungry for days, fast incessantly, and break the fast on a tiny piece of bread. He would gather tatters from garbage piles, and take them as threadbare clothes to cover himself. His turban was made with shreds taken from garbage piles and from torn strips.

This remained his habit until his spirituality was heightened, whereupon he could fly from the courtyard of the Ghamri Mosque to its roof. During his gathering, he would behold the Garden and the Fire, the Bridge [al-Sirat] , the Gathering [al-Hashr] and the Pool [al-Hawd]. As the veil was lifted from him, he witnessed astonishing matters, seeing what lay beyond Mount Oaf. He spoke in all the other languages. Wild beasts befriended him and he would utter words that dazzled intellects. Prominent imams attested to his surpassing virtue, while the necks of mankind lowered themselves to him and he was served by humans, jinn and wild animals from every hill. He became acquainted with the wonders of Allah’s creatures, and scrupulousness in the din and doing without superfluities reached their pinnacle in him. As a result, if he โ€” may Allah have mercy on him โ€” walked through the marketplaces, people enthusiastically darted forth in his direction, and all creatures had firm confidence in him, including Jews and Christians. Many of them, indeed, embraced Islam at his hand, while countless sinners turned back to Allah through him, and became part of his circle of dervishes, once he had nourished them through his spiritual aid. In his zawiya, one could hear, whether at night or during the day, a buzz like the buzz of bees from beyond the gates of Cairo.

He served shaykhs and saints, and in turn the inhabitants of both the earth and heaven served him, crawling towards him. Leaders yielded to him in spite of their pride. Requests for intercession would be directed by him to them, and they would accept them in self-abasement, putting right the affairs of such intercessors and granting them safety. He was granted acceptance of his supplications, and enjoyed vast renown. He was soft-mannered, smiled frequently, was humble and lived frugally. In his earlier days, he would wear expensive clothes, and sit with scholars whom he would treat kindly. He persistently adhered to the Muhammadan sunna, paying heed to the four schools of jurisprudence without discriminating between them. Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, acquainted him with their stations, so he would say: ‘May Allah reward them on our behalf.’

He would divide his time between the different efforts of worship: writing and compiling, remembering Allah and reminding others of Him, sending prayers on the Bringer of glad tidings and the Warner [๏ทบ], and educating people through precept and the inculcation of perfection.

He was made the spokeperson of the saints. Mystics sprouted forth from his courtyard as naturally and copiously as the earth brought out produce through rain from the sky.

He, was imbued with the character of Allah’s folk: preferring others to himself, being generous, lavishly gifts like kings, and spending on the poor and needy. Around one hundred paupers would gather with him in his zawiya, and he would see to their basic maintenance and clothing.

He was extremely awe-inspiring and highly venerable. Eminent leaders would come to his door, sometimes able to meet him and sometimes unable to do so.

He posssessed lofty spiritual ambition. A large book would reach him, and he would read it and then write annotating glosses on it, all in a single night. Nasir al-Din al-Laqqani201 once sent him the Mudawwana [on the legal school of] Imam Malik, through his representative [naqib], in order to ponder therein a single juristic issue [mas ‘ala] which had outwardly proved difficult for him. When the naqib brought him it, he handed it to him in the evening at his zawiya. As he was about to depart, Imam al-Sha’rani said to him, ‘You can stay the night with us, and take it back in the morning.’ The naqib thus slept over at his house, while Sayyidi ‘Abd al-Wahhab [al-Sha’rani] took the Mudawwana into his place of retreat. After a short while, he came out of his retreat and handed it back to the naqib. In the morning, [the latter] rose and headed for Sayyidi Nasir al-Din [al-Laqqani] with the copy of the Mudawwana he had come with. Sayyidi Nasir al-Din al-Laqqani opened it and found annotations and corrections penned it. He was astonished. He asked the naqib about this, and the latter replied, ‘All I know is that, when Sayyidi `Abd al-Wahhab took the book from me, he entered his place of retreat and then returned it to me after about twenty minutes. I did not open it myself, and brought it to you in the same state as he had handed it to me. I noticed, my master, that he neglected none of his regular litanies or optional night prayers.’

Rulers and the influential people would love him intensely and have deep trust in him on account of his excellence and scrupulousness in the din. Sultan al-Ghawri โ€”may Allah have mercy on him โ€” was deeply fond of him, and had resolute belief in him. Once he gifted him a prayer mat and a muslin, which was seven cubits wide and thirty cubits long. It had been a present for him from the Sultan of India who had given it to him inside the shell of a nut. Sayyidi ‘Abd al-Wahhab al-Sha’rani gifted the muslin to his own brother, our master Sayyidi `Abd al-Qadir, and kept the prayer mat, though he never used it in his lifetime, without however returning it to the Sultan out of courtesy. This was his inveterate practice, and the wellspring of propriety from which he engaged with leaders and those under them. He paid heed to the sacrosanct honour of the rich and the poor, and the elders and the young. This is but a drop in the ocean of his virtues.

How can we possibly list all of his virtues? He is in fact the imam of all actualizers of the ultimate reality, the educator of committed disciples who brought them up through principles of stability. He is the unlocker of recondite meanings in the spiritual allusions of those truly realized, and the interpreter of symbols found in the ambiguous expressions of the gnostics. He is the intermediary of the spiritual wayfarers’ necklace, and the sweet basil of spiritual accomplishers’ existence: established by Divine Power, arrayed by Godly Solicitude and the breezes of the Most Merciful. He accordingly treaded the path of the Divine, following the Majestic Book and Muhammadan Sunna, and learning jurisprudence until he reached the ultimate goal in the school of Shafi’i masters โ€” after this, Allah granted him lorldly and mystical openings.

He enjoyed veneration in the hearts of leaders [sudur al-sudur] and reverence in the eyes of notables [ ‘uyun al-a’yan], until Allah Most High moved him unto the abode of His Noble Generosity in the year AH 973. He was buried in his zawiya between the two banks (of the Nile ). A huge number of scholars, jurists, leaders and dervishes attended his funeral. It was a well-attended day in Cairo. The funeral prayer for him was performed in the Noble Azhar Mosque, and his whole lineage was read out on the terraced bench. He was carried on shoulders to his burial place. The Friends of Allah, both living and dead, attended his funeral, together with members of the circles from both mankind and jinn, who inhabited the deserts, valleys and lands beyond the seas. Ultimately, no funeral like his was ever witnessed in Cairo. Birds uninterruptedly hovered above his bier, while inanimate objects wept over his departure and hearts were torn out of grief for him.

He โ€” may Allah have mercy on him โ€” left behind an enduring renown, and a pure and perfumed acclaim. After his death, beneficence cascaded onto his zawiya from everywhere. People established real estates and foundations as trusts, and built for him a mosque befitting his shrine, together with a mausoleum exclusively for him, surmounted by an arched dome and a closet, and arranged salaries for those looking after it. His mosque is regarded as one of Cairo’s most tremendous mosques, and his mausoleum as one of the most majestic mausoleums wherein supplications are answered. His spiritual succour flows upon Allah’s slaves there. It is a destination sought after by those in need or afflicted by hardships, who then stand before him and turn to Allah through his intercession so that their worries might be dispelled. No one has visited him save that he went back with his brooding mind set at ease.

He is the supporter of the weak in life and after death. People crowd around him, and make vows in his presence, carrying candles. No one has alighted at his courtyard except that an abundance of his spiritual succour is poured upon him, may Allah show mercy to him. Cairo’s inhabitants, of every religious orientation, set out for him, hoping to find abundant good therein. O Allah, nourish us through his overflowing aid, gather us in the Hereafter under his banner, and perpetuate his blessings for us, amin.

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Footnotes:
198 It has been reported by al-Fattani in Tadhkirat al-Mawdu’at (20), ‘Ali al-Qari in al-Asrar al-Marra fi al-Akhbar al-Mawdu’a (247), al-‘Ajluni in Kashf al-Khafa-(2/83), al-Sakhawi in al-Fawaid al-Majmu’a Li al-Ahadith al-Mawdu’a (786) and al-Suyuti in al-Durar al-Muntahira fi al-Ahaditbal-Mushtahira (113).
199 In al-A’lam (4/180), his patronymic (kunya) is said to be Abu Muhammad.
200 For his biography, see al-A’lam (4/180-1), Kutat Mubarak (14/109), Jurji Zaydan’s Adab al-Lughat al-Arabiyya (3/335), al-Fihris al-Tamhidi (393, 421), Majallat al-Kitab (2/344), al-Khazanat al-Taymuriyya (3/164), al-Kutubkhana (2/61, 65, 88, 103 and 104) and Tabaqat al-Shadhillyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din al-Tu`mi (p. 166).
201 Al-Nasir al-Laqqani is the polymath Abu ‘Abdullah Muhammad b. al-Hasan. He died on Wednesday, 14 Sha`ban AH 958, at the age of 84. His biography can be found in Ahmad Baba al-Tinbukti’s Kifayat al-Muhtaj and in Badr al-Din al-Qarafi’s Tawshib al-Dibaj wa Hilyat al-Ibtihaj.

The Path of the Sufis

The path of the Sufis is built on the Koran and sunna

The path of the Sufis is built on the Koran and sunna, and is based upon living according to the morals of the prophets and purified ones. It may not be blamed unless it violates an explicit statement from the Koran, sunna, or scholarly consensus, exclusively. If it does not contravene one of these, the very most that one may say of it is that it is an understanding a Muslim man has been given, so let whoever wishes act upon it, and whoever does not refrain, this being as true of works as of understanding. So no pretext remains for condemning it except one’s own low opinion of others, or interpreting what they do as ostentation, which is unlawful.

Whoever carefully examines the branches of knowledge of the Folk of Allah Most High will find that none of them are beyond the pale of the Sacred Law. How should they lie beyond the pale of the Sacred Law when it is the law that connects the Sufis to Allah at every moment? Rather, the reason for the doubts of someone unfamiliar with the way of the Sufis that it is of the very essence of theSacred Law is the fact that such a person has not thoroughly mastered the knowledge of the law. This is why Junayd (Allah Most High have mercy on him) said, ‘This knowledge of ours is built of the Koran and sunna,’ in reply to those of his time or any other who imagine that it is beyond the pale of the Koran and sunna.

The Folk unanimously concur that none is fit to teach in the path of Allah Mighty and Majestic save someone with comprehensive mastery of the Sacred Law, who knows its explicit and implicit rulings, which of them are of general applicability and which are particular, which supersede others and which are superseded. He must also have a thorough grounding in Arabic, be familiar with its figurative modes and similes, and so forth. So every true Sufi is a scholar is Sacred Law, though the reverse is not necessarily true.

To summarize, no one denies the states of the Sufis except someone ignorant of the way they are. Qushayri says, ‘No era of the Islamic period has had a true sheikh of this group, save that the Imams of the scholars of that time deferred to him, showed humility towards him, and visited him for the benefit of his spiritual grace (baraka). If the Folk had no superiority or election, the matter would have been the other way around.

_______________________________
From al-Tabaqat al-kubra al-musamma bi Lawaqih al-anwar fi tabaqat al-akhyar (1374/1954) (Reprint, Beirut: dar al-fikr, n.d.) 1:4. In Reliance of the Traveller p. 863-864.

With his teacher ยดAli al-Khawas

Excerpt from the Introduction to
Al-Anwar al-Qudusiyya fi Maโ€™rifa al-Qawaโ€™id al-Sufiyya Transl. by thehiddentreasure

After that Allah proclaimed for him the spiritual opening and united him (Ash-Shaโ€™rani) with al-Khawwas. Al-Khawwas was his miโ€™raj and his ladder by which he ascend to the doors of spiritual openings and heavens of bestowals and realms of light and inspirations. Their relationship is the manifest sign of the status of the Shaykh in the Path. It is the greatest sign of the status of divinely bestowed knowledge (ุงู„ุนูู„ู’ู… ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽุฏู†ู‘ููŠ) for al-Khawwas was unlettered while ash-Shaโ€™rani was a scholar. But that was the external judgement, while the internal judgment says that al-Khawwas was the scholar while ash-Shaโ€™rani was the unlettered one.

Ash-Shaโ€™rani said: From the favours of Allah upon himself (ash-Shaโ€™rani) was that his arrival and opening (in gnosis) was at the hands of an unlettered man who neither knew writing nor reading. He added in describing this unlettered man:

โ€œA man who is totally hidden such that almost no one knew of his sainthood and knowledge except for the practicing scholars, for he is indeed a perfect man to us without any doubt! The perfect one is he whom when he reaches the station of the perfect men in knowledge of Allah (ุงู„ุนุฑูุงู†), he becomes a stranger in all the worlds.โ€

Ash-Shaโ€™rani narrates to us his delightful spiritual experience of his arrival unto the ascending paths of divine illuminations at the hands of his Shaykh and the oceans of knowledge of his master :

My spiritual struggles at the hands of my master โ€˜Ali al-Khawwas were many and of various types. Amongst them, he would order me in the beginning to sell away all my books and to give away the money in charity, which I did. Those were precious books which could be sold for a high price. So I sold them and gave away the sales in charity but I became anguished at having to part with them as I had put much effort and had added notes and comments in them. It reached a point as if I was completely robbed of my knowledge. (At that time) he (al-Khawwas) said to me, โ€œStrive to cut off your (heartโ€™s) turning back (out of attachment) to them (the books) by much remembrance of Allah Exalted is He. Indeed they say, โ€œOne who turns back, does not arriveโ€. Thus, I strove in cutting off my attachment to them till I managed to free myself and praise be to Allah for that.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Chapter [4]below

[41] ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠ([1])
(… – 973)

ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ู…ุงู… ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนูŠู† ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู„ุŒ ูˆุนูŠู† ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู„ุŒ ุงู„ุนุงุจุฏุŒ ุงู„ุฒุงู‡ุฏุŒ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุซุŒ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ูƒุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูุฑูŠุฏุฉู ุงู„ุฃุชู‚ูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูˆุงุฑุซ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุจุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ยซุนู„ู…ุงุก ุฃูู…ู‘ูŽุชูŠ ูƒุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก ุจู†ูŠ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ยป([2])ุŒ ู…ุฑุดุฏู ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุฆู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ุณุจูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตู‘ู ุจุดุฑุงุฆู ุนูˆุงุทู ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุจุŒ ุงู„ู…ููŠุถ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ูƒู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ู…ู† ู„ุฏู† ุงู„ุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฌุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุงุจุŒ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุญุณู‘ู‹ุง ูˆู…ุนู†ู‰ุŒ ุญุณุจู‹ุง ูˆู†ุณุจู‹ุงุŒ ุจู„ุง ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ุทุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุชูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ุชุน ุจู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุฌู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุบูˆุซ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ุชุตุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู„ุงุฐ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ูุถู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุญุตุฑุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุดู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุดุงูุนูŠุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠ ุฐุงุชู‹ุง ูˆุตูุงุชู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุบุงุฒูŠุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุนูŠู† ุฃุนูŠุงู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉ.

ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูƒู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู… ๏ดฟุฃูŽู„ูŽุณู’ุชู ุจูุฑูŽุจู‘ููƒูู…ู’๏ดพ [ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงู: 172]ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุงุทู†ู‡ ูˆุธุงู‡ุฑู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠู‹ู‘ุงุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุดุฆุช ู‚ู„ุช ุฎุถุฑูŠู‹ู‘ุง ู†ูˆุฑุงู†ูŠู‹ู‘ุง.

ุชุฑุจู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠุชูŠู…ู‹ุง ุจูƒูุงู„ุฉ ู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุถุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุจู†ุธุฑุงุช ุฌุฏู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุดู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ููˆู„ุฏ ูˆู†ุดุฃ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู„ูŠู‘ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุชุฑุนุฑุนุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฑูŠุนุงู† ุดุจุงุจู‡ุŒ ุธู‡ุฑุช ููŠู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุจุฉ([3])ุŒ ูˆู…ุฎุงูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูุงุฌุชู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†ุŒ ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุญุงุฒ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ูู†ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุชุณุชุฑ ุจุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ู„ ุฑุดุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุทุงุฑ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุŒ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูู„ุงุญุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุดุงุฑุงุช ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ุฑูƒู†ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฑูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุจุงุฏุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุงุฌุชู…ุน ุจุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุŒ ูˆุฌุงู‡ุฏ ุฌู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃุจุทุงู„ ุญุชู‰ ุนุฏ ู…ู† ูุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„.

ูˆู…ูƒุซ ุณู†ูŠู† ุทูˆุงู„ู‹ุง ู„ุง ูŠุชุถุฌุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงุฑู‹ุงุŒ ุจู„ ุงุชุฎุฐ ู„ู‡ ุญุจู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุณู‚ู ุฎู„ูˆุชู‡ุŒ ูุฌุนู„ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ู‚ู‡ ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠุณู‚ุทุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุทูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุŒ ูˆูŠูุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู‚ูŠุฉ([4]) ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฒุŒ ูˆูŠุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุฎุฑู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ุงู†ุŒ ููŠุชุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ุฑู‚ุนุฉ ููŠุณุชุชุฑ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ุงู…ุชู‡ ู…ู† ุดุฑุงู…ูŠุท ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ุงู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุตุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุฏ.

ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ู‚ูˆูŠุช ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุชูู‡ูุŒ ูุตุงุฑ ูŠุทูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุตุญู† ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุบู…ุฑูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุทูˆุญู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุฃู‰ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑุงุท ูˆุงู„ุญุดุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุถุŒ ูˆูƒุดู ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุจุŒ ูุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุฌุงุจุŒ ูˆุฑุฃู‰ ู…ุง ุฎู„ู ุฌุจู„ ู‚ุงูุŒ ูˆุชูƒู„ู… ุจุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุชุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุฃู†ุณุช ุจู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆุดุŒ ูˆุชูƒู„ู… ุจู…ุง ูŠูุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุดู‡ุฏุช ุจูุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฏุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ุฑู‚ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณ ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูˆุญูˆุด ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุขูƒุงู…([5])ุŒ ูˆุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฌุงุฆุจ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุจู„ุบ ุจู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฑุน ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ู…ู†ุชู‡ุงู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุดู‰ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ุŒ ุชู†ุฏู„ู‚([6]) ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃูŠู‘ูŽ ุงู†ุฏู„ุงู‚ุŒ ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏุชู‡ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุฆู‚ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู†ุตุงุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃุณู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุชุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุตุงุฉ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูุญุตุฑ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ูู‚ุฑุงุฆู‡ุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู…ุฏู‘ูŽู‡ู… ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูุณู…ุนู ู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ ุฏูˆูŠู‘ูŒ ูƒุฏูˆูŠ ุงู„ู†ุญู„ ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ูˆู†ู‡ุงุฑู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ู…ุตุฑ.

ุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆุงู„ุณู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆุณุนูˆุง ู„ู‡ ุญุจูˆู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุฐุนู†ุช ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุก ุฑุบู… ุฃู†ูˆูู‡ู…ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุดูุงุนุงุชุŒ ููŠู‚ุจู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุตุงุบุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุฌุจุฑูˆู† ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ุง ูˆูŠุฑุฏู‘ููˆู†ู‡ู… ุณุงู„ู…ูŠู†.
ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ูุฌุงุจ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉุŒ ุนุธูŠู… ุงู„ุณู…ุนุฉุŒ ู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจุŒ ุจุณุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุชูˆุงุถุนู‹ุง ู…ุชู‚ุดูู‹ุง([7]).

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู„ุจุณ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุงู„ุบุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุฌุงู„ุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆูŠู„ุงุทูู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ููˆุงุธุจู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุงุนูŠู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฐุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ุง ูŠูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุฌุฒุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ุง ุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง.
ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฒู‘ูุนู‹ุง ุฃูˆู‚ุงุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุฉุ› ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุชุฃู„ูŠู ูˆุชุตู†ูŠูุŒ ูˆุฐูƒุฑู ูˆุชุฐูƒูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุฐูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„.

ุฃูุนุทูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉูŽ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชู†ุจุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุจุณุงุญู‡ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชู†ุจุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจู…ุงุก ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุชุฎู„ู‚ู‹ุง ุจุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุคุซุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูƒุฑูŠู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠูุนุทูŠ ุนุทุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒุŒ ูˆูŠูู†ูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ูˆุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุชุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุฌุชู…ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุกุŒ ููƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ู… ู†ูู‚ุฉู‹ ูˆูƒุณูˆุฉ.
ูˆูƒุงู† ุนุธูŠู… ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุงูุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑู…ุฉุŒ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุงุจู‡ ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ูุชุงุฑุฉ ูŠุฌุชู…ุนูˆู† ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุงุฑุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุชู…ุนูˆู†.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฐุง ู‡ู…ุฉู ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ููƒุงู† ูŠุฃุชูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ููŠุทุงู„ุนู‡ ูˆูŠุฑุงุฌุนู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุถุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑุงุชู‡ ููŠ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุณู„ ู„ู‡ ู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ูŠ ยซู…ุฏูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ู…ุงู„ูƒยป ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุจุŒ ู„ูŠุฑุงุฌุน ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุฃุดูƒู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุชู‰ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุจุŒ ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุกู‹ุŒ ูุฃุนุทุงู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุฑุงูุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุญุชู‰ ุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญุŒ ูˆุจุงุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูุจุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุจุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ยซุงู„ู…ุฏูˆู†ุฉยป ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจุŒ ูˆุฏุฎู„ ุฎู„ูˆุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุถูŠ ุฒู…ู† ูŠุณูŠุฑุŒ ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุฏู‘ูŽู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ูˆู…ุถู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆ ยซุงู„ู…ุฏูˆู†ุฉยป ู…ุนู‡ุŒ ููุชุญู‡ุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ูŠุŒ ููˆุฌุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑุงุช ูˆุชุตู„ูŠุญุงุชุŒ ูุชุนุฌุจ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฌุจุŒ ูุณุฃู„ ู†ู‚ูŠุจู‡ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ู„ู…ู‘ูŽุง ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‘ูŠุŒ ูˆุฏุฎู„ ุฎู„ูˆุชู‡ุŒ ุฑุฏู‘ูŽู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ุจุนุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ ูู„ู… ุฃูุชุญู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุญุถุฑุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠุŒ ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุชุฑูƒ ูˆุฑุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชู‡ุฌู‘ูุฏุงุชู‡.
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู‡ ูŠุญุจูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุญุจุฉ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู†ู‡ ู„ุตู„ุงุญู‡ ูˆูˆุฑุนู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ุงู„ุบูˆุฑูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุญุจู‡ ู…ุญุจู‘ูŽุฉู‹ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุนุชู‚ุฏู‡ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏู‹ุง ุฌุงุฒู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู‡ุฏู‰ ู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุณุฌุงุฏุฉ ูˆุดุงุดู‹ุง ุนุฑุถูู‡ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฐุฑุนุŒ ูˆุทูˆู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซูˆู† ุฐุฑุงุนู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู‡ ู„ู‡ ุณู„ุทุงู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ููŠ ู‚ุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฒุฉุŒ ูุฃุนุทู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุด ู„ุฃุฎูŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูˆุฃุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฌุงุฏุฉ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฏุฉ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฑุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ุฃุฏุจู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูŠุฏู†ู‡([8])ุŒ ูˆู…ุดุฑุจู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏุจ ู…ุน ูˆู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูŠูุฑุงุนูŠ ุญุฑู…ุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุบู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุทุฑุฉูŒ ู…ู† ุจุญุฑ ูุถุงุฆู„ู‡.

ูˆูƒูŠู ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุญุตุฑ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ุŸ! ูู‡ูˆ ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ูˆู…ุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ุจุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูุงุชุญ ุฃู‚ูุงู„ ุบูˆุงู…ุถ ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุงุช ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ูุนู‘ุจุฑู ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ู…ุญู„ุงุช ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฑูŠุญุงู†ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู‚ุงู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุชูŽุจุชู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุทุงุฆู ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูุณู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ูุชู‘ูŽุจุนู‹ุง ู„ู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุชูู‚ู‘ูŽู‡ ุญุชู‰ ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูุนูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉ.

ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฒู„ ู…ูุนุธู‘ู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุตุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุตุฏูˆุฑุŒ ู…ูุจุฌู‘ูŽู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู†ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฑ ูƒุฑุงู…ุชู‡ุŒ ุนุงู… ุชุณุน ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฏููู† ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุญุถุฑ ุฌู†ุงุฒุชู‡ ุฌู…ุนูŒ ุญุงูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุตุฑุŒ ูˆุตูู„ู‘ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุŒ ูˆู‚ูุฑุฆ ู†ุณุจู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูƒู‘ูŽุฉ([9])ุŒ ูˆุญู…ู„ูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู†ุงู‚ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ู…ุฏูู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุญุถุฑุช ุฌู†ุงุฒุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงุชุŒ ูˆุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณ ูˆุงู„ุฌู† ู…ู† ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ูˆุฏูŠุงู† ูˆู…ุง ูˆุฑุงุก ุงู„ุจุญุงุฑุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู… ุชูุฑ ู‚ุทู‘ู ุฌู†ุงุฒุฉูŒ ุจู…ุตุฑ ู…ุซู„ ุฌู†ุงุฒุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุนูƒูุช ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑู ุชุญูˆู… ุญูˆู„ ู†ุนุดู‡ุŒ ูˆุจูƒุชู’ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆุชู‚ุทุนุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุฃุณูู‹ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡.

ูˆุฎู„ู‘ูŽู ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฐูƒุฑู‹ุง ุจุงู‚ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุซู†ุงุกู‹ ุนุทุฑู‹ุง ุฒุงูƒูŠู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ูˆูุงุชู‡ ุชู†ุงุซุฑุช ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู‘ู ูุฌ ุนู…ูŠู‚ุŒ ูุฃูˆู‚ููˆุง ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูŠุงู†ุŒ ูˆุดูŠุฏูˆุง ู„ู‡ ู…ุณุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฌุงู…ุนู‹ุง ูŠู„ูŠู‚ ุจู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญู‹ุง ุฎุงุตู‹ู‘ุง ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู‘ูŽุฉูŒ ู…ุนู‚ูˆุฏุฉูŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุชู‘ูŽุจูˆุง ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุงุช.

ูˆุตุงุฑูŽ ู…ุณุฌุฏู‡ ูŠูุนุฏู‘ู ู…ู† ุฃุนุธู… ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ู…ุตุฑุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‘ู ุงู„ุฃุถุฑุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุณุชุฌุงุจ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุนุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ุฏูŽุฏูู‡ ูุงุฆุถูŒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุŒ ุชู‚ุตุฏูู‡ ุฐูˆูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุนุณุฑูŠู†ุŒ ููŠู‚ููˆู† ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุชูˆุณู‘ูŽู„ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูƒุดู ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆุจุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงุฑู‡ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ุฅู„ุง ูˆุฑูุฏู‘ูŽ ู…ุฌุจูˆุฑูŽ ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฑ.

ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู†ุตูŠุฑู ุงู„ุถุนูุงุก ุญูŠู‘ู‹ุง ูˆู…ูŠุชู‹ุงุŒ ุชุฒุฏุญู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุฐุฑูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุฐูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุดู…ูˆุนุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู…ู† ุฃุญุฏ ุญู„ู‘ูŽ ุณุงุญุชู‡ ุฅู„ุง ูˆุฃูุงุถ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุฏุฏู‡ุŒ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู‚ุตุฏูู‡ ุฃู‡ุงู„ูŠ ู…ุตุฑ ู‚ุงุทุจุฉู‹ุŒ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุคู…ู„ูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ ุงู„ููŠุงุถุŒ ูˆุงุญุดุฑู†ุง ุชุญุช ู„ูˆุงุฆู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฏู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญู†ููŠุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุงู„ุญู†ูŠููŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ: ู…ู† ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุตูˆููŠู†. ูˆู„ุฏ ููŠ ู‚ู„ู‚ุดู†ุฏุฉ ุจู…ุตุฑ ุณู†ุฉ 898 ู‡ู€ุŒ ูˆู†ุดุฃ ุจุณุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุฃุจูŠ ุดุนุฑู‡ (ู…ู† ู‚ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆููŠุฉ) ูˆุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุชู‡: (ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงูˆูŠ) ูˆุชูˆููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 973 ู‡ู€ ู„ู‡ ุชุตุงู†ูŠู ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ยซุฃุฏุจ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุฉยป ูˆ ยซุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฃุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉยป ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (4/180ุŒ 181)ุŒ ูˆยซุดุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจยป (8/3ุŒ 5)].
([2]) ู„ุง ุฃุตู„ ู„ู‡: ุงู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ุจุงู†ูŠ ุญุฏูŠุซ ุฑู‚ู… (466).
([3]) ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุฌูŽุงุจูŽุฉู: ุงู„ู†ุจุงู‡ุฉ ูˆุธู‡ูˆุฑ ูุถู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุชุฑุงุจู‡.
([4]) ุงู„ุฃููˆู‚ููŠู‘ูŽุฉู: ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุทู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ.
([5]) ุงู„ุขูƒุงู…: (ุฌ) ุงู„ุฃูƒู…ุฉ: ุงู„ุชู„.
([6]) ุงู†ุฏู„ู‚ ุงู„ุดูŠุก: ุงู†ุฏูุน ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡.
([7]) ุชู‚ุดู ูู„ุงู†: ุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุชุฑูู‡ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุนู….
([8]) ุงู„ุฏู‘ูŽูŠู’ุฏูŽุงู†ู: ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏุฃุจ. ูŠู‚ุงู„: ูู„ุงู†ูŒ ุฏูŠุฏู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู„ ูƒุฐุง.
([9]) ุงู„ุฏู‘ูŽูƒู‘ูŽุฉู: ุจู†ุงุก ูŠุณุทุน ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡. (ุฌ) ุฏููƒุงูƒูŒ.

Writings

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ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠ
1- ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุชุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ูˆู…ุนู‡ ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุงูƒุงุจุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ
2- ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉ ูู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ
3- ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุจูŠุงู† ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ
4- ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ููŠ ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุตุญุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑ
5- ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑู‚ูˆู… ููŠู…ุง ุชู†ุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…
6- ุงู„ุฏุฑุฑ ูˆุงู„ู„ู…ุน ููŠ ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ูˆุงู„ูˆุฑุน
7- ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ูƒุดููŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ
8- ุงู„ูƒุจุฑูŠุช ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ููŠ ุจูŠุงู† ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ
9- ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุดุงู‡ู‚ ูู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตุงุฏู‚ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตุงุฏู‚
10- ุงู„ูŠูˆุงู‚ูŠุช ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุจูŠุงู† ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ
11- ุชู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุบุชุฑูŠู† ุงูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุงุดุฑ ุนู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุฎุงู„ููˆุง ููŠู‡ ุณู„ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุทุงู‡ุฑ
12- ุฏุฑุฑ ุงู„ุบูˆุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุงูˆู‰ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
13- ู„ุทุงุฆู ุงู„ู…ู†ู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุจูˆุฌูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุจู†ุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
14- ู„ูˆุงู‚ุญ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ุนู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉ
15- ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ุฅุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ู„ู„ุจูŠู‡ู‚ู‰
16- ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุชุฐูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจ
17- ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุชุฐูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุทุจูŠ
18- ู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุจุณ ุจุงู„ุณู†ุฉ
19- ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู† ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉ
20- ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุตุบุฑู‰
21- ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุตุฏูŠู† ู…ู† ุดูŠูˆุฎ ูˆู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† – ุงู„ู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุจูˆู„ูŠุฉ
22- ูƒุดู ุงู„ุญุฌุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงู† ุนู† ูˆุฌู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงู†
23- ุฑุฏุน ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ูˆุฏุนูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰
24- ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฑูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุซŒู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู‡ูˆุฏ
25- ู…ู†ู‡ุงุฌ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงุตุฏ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุงุตูˆู„
26- ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุฎุจุงุฆุซ ุงู„ุทูˆุงูŠุง
27- ูƒุดู ุงู„ุบู…ุฉ ุนู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ:
http://archive.org/details/Kashfghoma
28- ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ู„ูˆุงู‚ุญ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ :
https://archive.org/details/tabaqatekoubra
29- ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰:
http://archive.org/details/almizane
30- ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุชุจูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุงุถุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉ:
http://archive.org/details/akhlaqmatboulia

Photos

Imam al-Sha’rani is buried in ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุดุนุฑูŠุฉ
Entries on msobieh.com: 1, 2
t.b.d.
 

Notes

He was a student of Imam Zakariyya al-Ansari.
He is buried in ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุดุนุฑูŠุฉ
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Bio: Imam Al-Suyuti

Imam al-Suyuti

ุง๏ปบู…ุงู… ุงู„ุญุงูุธ ุนุจุฏุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุจูƒุฑ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฌู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุณูŠูˆุทูŠ
b. – d. 910 H. in Cairo ( CE)
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทฝ

English

t.b.d.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

Burial Place

Ziyara 2007, Photo: Sh. Ahmad Darwish

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Sayyidi Imam Ibn Daqiq al-Id

ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุจู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ
b 625 H. in Hijaz – d. 702 H. in Cairo (1228-1302 CE)

๏ทฝ

Shaykh al-Islam, from the companions of Sh. Ibn ‘Ata Allah al-Sakandari, buried next to him

“We know from our masters person having diverged the fact that Ibn Daqiq al-Eid renovator is the scientist sent to the seventh century, referred to in the prophetic hadith, and he was the master of his time by his knowledge and righteousness in religion.” – Sheikh Taqi al-Din al-Subki

English

1. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya
2. Anonymous bio
3. facebook.com
4. What he said about bi’da

1. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya

From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”


t.b.d.



2. Brief Biography by Anonyous
From: pelitakalam.blogspot.se

Ibn Daqiq al-Eid (1228-1302), is accounted as one of Islam’s great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was an authority in the Shafi’i legal school. Although Ibn Daqiq al-‘Id studied Shafi’i jurisprudence under Ibn ‘Abd al-Salam, he was also proficient in Maliki fiqh. He served as chief qadi of the Shafi’i school in Egypt. Ibn Daqiq al-Eid taught hadith to al-Dhahabi and to many other leading scholars of the next generation. In his lifetime, Ibn-Daqiq wrote many books but his commentary on the Nawawi Forty Hadiths has become his most popular. In it he comments on the forty hadiths compiled by Yahya Al-Nawawi and known as the Nawawi Forty Hadiths. His commentary has become so popular that it is virtually impossible for any scholar to write a serious book about the forty hadiths without quoting Ibn Daqiq.

History

His namesake ‘ibn Daqiq al-Eid’ however was gained from his grandfather who was described as being fond of sporting a bright white turban, one as white as the flour used to make pastries during Eid celebrations. From that point on, the name was passed on to his son and later to Imam Taqiyy ad- Din Muhammad ibn` Ali Ibn Wahb who would often be addressed as Ibn Daqiq al-Eid.

qusAfter memorising the Quran as a child, he attended various halaqahs in the city of Qus and was initiated into the Maliki school of jurisprudence from his father. His quest for learning however later brought him to Sheikh Al-Baha ‘Al-Qifti, a disciple of his father. He also learnt the disciplines of Arabic with Sheikh Mohammad Abu Al-Fadl Al-Mursi. Further deepening his quest for knowledge, he later travelled to Cairo to study under the tutelage and guidance of Imam Al-`Izz Ibn `Abd As-Salam of whom was regarded as the ‘Sultanul Ulama”. He studied the laws and foundations of Shafi’i jurisprudence from the later and was under the guidance of Imam Ibn ‘Abd al-Salam to the day he died in AH 660 (1262 AD). He later went on to Damascus to learn Hadith from Damascene scholars before finally returning to Egypt and settling down in the city of his childhood, Qus.

Upon his return to Qus at 37 years old, he was appointed as a judge according to the Maliki mazhab. His appointment however was shortlived as he found himself unfamiliar with the fame linked to the newly gained appointment. He soon found himself returning to Cairo to teach Prophetic Hadith in Darul Hadith Al- Kamiliyyah , a school built by Sultan Al-Kamil in A. H. 621 (1224 AD).

His proficiency in Hadith was soon recognised, earning him the title of ‘Sheikh of Darul Hadith’, the highest position in this specialized institution. He was known for his rigour and thoroughness, constantly researching on the chains between hadiths. The methodology he employed in the study of hadith can be read in Al- Iqtirah fi Ma’rifat Al- Istilah.

He later taught law at the Nasiriyyah School of Salahuddin Al-Ayubi, a school primarily catering to the Shafie Madhab and built in close proximity to the tomb of Imam Ash-Shafie. Given his mastery of two law schools, Shafi’i and Maliki, he was asked to teach at Madrasah Fadiliyyah, a prestigious institution which was also hosting Andalucian born Sheikh Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Umar Al-Qurthubi.

Chief Justice of Egypt

Observing such a stance, he remained steadfast and did not bend under pressures for undue favour. In one instance, he rejected the testimony of Monkutmar, the Secretary of the Sultanate, in an inheritance case holding that he was not a reliable man. Montkumar fought back and sent a stream of messengers to convince Ibn Daqiq on his testimony. Unfazed by the move, Ibn Daqiq finally resigned at the insistence of Monkutmar.

He also pioneered a center responsible for the management and administration of property of orphans to preserve until they reached majority. The move was unprecedented in Egypt. Under such a move, a heir would only be granted of any inheritance should he be an adult. Otherwise, his fortune would be initially entrusted to the centre. He put a system in place in order to look at the welfare and well being of orphans.

Sheikh of Islam Taqiyy Ad- Din Abu Al -Fath Muhammad Ibn `Ali Ibn Wahb Ibn Mutรฎ` ibn Abi Al- At- Tรข`ah Qushayri Al- Manfaluti was born in the month of Shaban 625 AH (1228) on the sea whilst his family were on the way to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage. He is widely regarded as one of the most important scholar of Hadith. His path towards Islamic scholarship began with his father, Sheikh Majd Ad-Din Abu Al-Hasan `Ali Ibn Wahb who was himself a prominent scholar in Hadith and Islamic jurisprudence.

Following the death of Judge Ibn Bint Al-A`azz, Imam Ibn Daqiq was approached to assume the post of Chief Justice in 695 A. H. (1296 AD). Though he was initially hestitant, he finally relented to the request, exposing himself to influential individuals within Egypt. Under his leadership, he maintained the need for Islamic law to be applied scrupulously and fairly.



3.
From: facebook.com

Ibn Daqiq al-`Id.RA:The Mujaddid of 7thCentury Hijra [702AH]: Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Daqiq al-`Id, known in his his youth as Abu al-Fath al-Qushayri, later as Ibn Wahb: He is Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn Wahab ibn Muti’ al-Qushayri, Abu al-Fatah, Taqiyudin, Popularly known, just like his father and grand father, as Ibn Daqiq al-‘Id. Born in Cairo in 625 where he initialy studied under his father who was a Maliki and then after finishing studeis there went on to Sultan al-‘Ullama ‘Izzu Din ibn ‘Abd al-Salam, who was a Shafi’ and therefore consequently Ibn Daqiq became a Shafi’i. He was known for his impeccable skills in memorizing and his desire to learn more.IT IS RELATED THAT WHEN a copy of Imam Abdul Karim ar- Rafi[ra]โ€™s al-Sharh al-Kabir reached Ibn Daqiq al-โ€˜Id and he left everything but the obligatory prayers in order to study it.He had met IBN TAYMIYYAH,AT THE TIME ,WHEN LATER’S DEVIANT THOUGHTS HAD NOT BECOME OBVIOUS &IS SAID TO HAVE SPOKEN FAVORABLY.

He became known as the Renewer[The MUJADDID] of the seventh Islamic century. He also studied under the great SHADHILI SUFI,Shaykh Ibn `Ata’ Allah al-Isakandari [qs] next to whom he was buried. That day the entire Egyptian army prayed over him.
One of his disciples in HADITH, HAFIZ AD DHAHABI,had quoted Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Daqiq al-`Id.RA’s WARNING to CRITIC OF SUFIS,as,:”Our Shaykh Ibn Wahb [= Ibn Daqiq al-`Id] said – may Allah have mercy on him: `Among the predicaments that mar the discipline of narrator-discreditation are the divergences that take place between the followers of tasawwuf (al-mutasawwifa) and the people of external knowledge (ahl al-`ilm al-zahir); animosity therefore arose between these two groups and necessitated mutual criticism.’

Now this [animosity against Sufis] is a plunge from which none escapes unscathed except one thoroughly knowledgeable with all the evidentiary proofs of the Law. Note that I do not limit such knowledge to the branches [of the Law]. For, concerning many of the states described by the people of truth (al-muhiqqin) among the Sufis, right cannot be told from wrong on the mere basis of knowledge of the branches. One must also possess firm knowledge of the principles of the Law and be able to tell apart the obligatory from the possible, as well as the rationally impossible from the customarily impossible.

It is, indeed, a position fraught with danger! For the critic of a true Sufi (muhiqq al-sufiyya) enters into the hadith: “Whosoever shows enmity to one of My Friends, I shall declare war upon him.”While one that abandons all condemnation for what is clearly wrong in what he hears from some of them, abandons the commanding of good and the forbidding of evil.[Al-Dhahabi, al-Muqiza (p. 88-90).]



4. What Imam Ibn Daqiq al-Id said about bid’a
From: facebook.com

Imam Ibn Daqiq al Eid said:

โ€œThe statement of the Prophet, may Godโ€™s peace and blessings be upon him, โ€œavoid new fallacies.โ€ Be aware that novelties are divided into two. First: novelties that have no basis in sharia. Such novelties are null and void. Second: novelties that are based on other similar laws. Such novelties are not rejected. Novelties that contradict sunna and lead to misguidance are condemned. But not every novelty is a heresy. God, the Sublime, says, โ€œWhenever novelties of the Qurโ€™an from their Lord are revealed to them, they listen to them while playing.(Al-Anbiya :2)โ€ โ€˜Umar, may God be pleased with him, said, โ€œWhat a nice novelty this is! (Referring to the tarawih.)โ€

The Imam also said:

On the other hand, deriving branches from principles that do not go outside the boundary of sunna is not heresy. Examples of this include writing the Holy Qurโ€™an in books, doctrines by good jurisprudents who base their interpretations on the sayings of Godโ€™s Messenger, may Godโ€™s peace and blessings be upon him, and books about grammar, arithmetic, commandments, and other scholarly fields that are based on the teachings and commands of Godโ€™s Messenger, may Godโ€™s peace and blessings be upon him. All those are outside the scope of this hadith.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Chapter [22]below

[22] ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุจู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏ([1])
(625- 702)

ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ูˆู‡ุจ ุจู† ู…ุทูŠุน ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุทุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฐุงุชู‹ุง ูˆู†ุนุชู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒู ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุนูˆุฌูŽ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŽู…ุชู‹ุง([2])ุŒ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู…ุŒ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ุŒ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉุŒ ูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุขูŠุฉู‹ ู…ู† ุขูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุนู„ู…ุงุกู ุนุตุฑู‡: ุฅู†ู‡ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ. ูˆู„ุง ุดูƒู‘ูŽ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุฌู…ุน ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ูˆุงู„ูˆุฑุน. ูˆู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉูŒ. ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุฌู…ู‡ ุบูŠุฑู ูˆุงุญุฏูุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ.

ูˆู„ุฏ ูˆูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ู…ุชูˆุฌู‘ูู‡ูŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุญ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุจุช ุฎู…ุณ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ู† ุดู‡ุฑ ุดุนุจุงู† ุนุงู… 625 ุจุณุงุญู„ ูŠู†ุจุนุŒ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุญุŒ ุซู… ุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ูˆุทุงููŽ ูˆุฏุนุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุดุฆู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ู‹ุง ุนุงู…ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุดุฃ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุญุจู‹ู‘ุง ู„ู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูุจุฏุฃ ุจู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ุญุชู‰ ุญุตู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุธู‘ู ุฌุณูŠู…ุŒ ุซู… ุฑุญู„ ููŠ ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูุณู…ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงูุธ ุงู„ู…ูู†ุฐุฑูŠ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุฏุฑู‘ูุณู ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆูŠูู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุถุฑ ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ ุฃูุงุถู„ู ุฃู‡ู„ ุนุตุฑู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ูƒุฑูŠู…ู‹ุง ุฌูˆุงุฏู‹ุง ุณุฎูŠู‹ู‘ุง ุชูˆู„ู‘ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŠุงุจุฉ ุจู…ุตุฑ.

ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชูŒ ุชูู†ุณุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ูŠูู‚ุจู‘ูู„ู ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉูŒ ุฑููŠุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุฃุฑุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุตุจ.

ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุตุงู†ูŠู ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒุชุงุจ ยซุงู„ุฅู„ู…ุงู…ยป ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจูŒ ุจุฏูŠุนุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ุซุฑูŒ ุฃุญุณู†ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฑุŒ ูˆู†ุธู… ุฃุจู‡ุฌู ู…ู† ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูุญุงุณุจ ู†ูุณู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุฃุฎุฐู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงู….

ุชูˆููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ุญุงุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุตูุฑ ุนุงู… ุณุจุน ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู†. ูˆุฏููู† ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุจุช ุจุณูุญ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทู‘ูŽู… ุจุฌูˆุงุฑ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆูุงุชู‡ ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฏู‹ุง ุนุฒูŠุฒู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุณุงุฑุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณู ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูˆู‚ููŽ ุฌูŠุดู ู…ุตุฑ ูŠู†ุชุธุฑู ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰.

ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฒุฑุชู‡ุŒ ูˆูˆุฌุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจุฉู‹ ู…ุนู‚ูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญู‹ุง ู‚ุฏ ู†ูู‚ุด ุจุงู„ุขูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุทู‘ู ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ูุฑุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุฃูŠุชู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฅูƒุฑุงู… ู…ุง ุชู†ุดุฑุญู ู„ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ุตุฏูˆุฑ ุจุจุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุถุฑูŠุญ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุจุจุถุน ุฎุทูˆุงุช. ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ูˆุฃู…ุฏู‘ูŽู†ุง ุจุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุชู‡ู…. ุขู…ูŠู†.


([1]) ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ูˆู‡ุจ ุจู† ู…ุทูŠุนุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูƒุฃุจูŠู‡ ูˆุฌุฏู‡ ุจุงุจู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠุฏุŒ ู‚ุงุถ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุจุงู„ุฃุตูˆู„ุŒ ู…ุฌุชู‡ุฏุŒ ุฃุจูˆู‡ ู…ู† ู…ู†ูู„ูˆุท ุจู…ุตุฑุŒ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุต ูˆูˆู„ุฏ ู„ู‡ ุงุจู†ู‡ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 625ู‡ู€ ููŠ ูŠู†ุจุน (ุนู„ู‰ ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ) ูู†ุดุฃ ุจู‚ูˆุตุŒ ูˆุชุนู„ู… ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุซู… ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูˆู„ูŠ ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 695ู‡ู€ ูุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชูˆููŠ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 702ู‡ู€ [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (6/283)ุŒ ยซุดุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจยป (5/388)].
([2]) ุงู„ุฃูŽู…ู’ุชู: ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน.

Writings

t.b.d.
 

Burial Place

Imam Ibn Daqiq al-Eid is buried next to his Shaykh, Ibn ‘Ata Allah al-Sakandari, in Cairo.
The entire Egyptian army prayed his funeral prayer.
 
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Bio: Imam Sharaf al-Din al-Busiri

Imam Sharaf al-Din al-Busiri]

d. 684 H. in Alexandria
radiya Allah anhu

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

t.b.d.
 

Svenska

Biografisk not รถver Imam Sharaf al-Din al-Busiri
Hans fullstรคndiga namn รคr sheikh Imam Sharaf al-Dรฎn Abu `Abdallah Muhammad b. Sa`id al-Sanhaji al-Dalasi al-Busiri, mรฅ Allah den Upphรถjde visa honom barmhรคrtighet. Han fรถddes i Egypten รฅr 608 H. och gick bort nรฅgon gรฅng mellan รฅr 694-696 H. Hans grav รคr belรคgen i ett mausoleum i Alexandrias gamla stadsdel, nรคra den moskรฉ under vilken Imam Abul `Abbas al-Mursi (d. 686 H.) vilar.

Imam al-Busiri var elev till Imam Abul `Abbas al-Mursi, som i sin tur var elev till och fรถretrรคdare (khalifa) fรถr sufimรคstaren Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili, mรฅ Allah vara nรถjd med dem alla. Han var kรคnd som kalligraf och Koranrecitatรถr, och han innehade olika รคmbeten inom det mamlukiska vรคldet. Han vistades lรคngre perioder i Jerusalem, Mekka och Medina, dรคr Mantelhymnen โ€“ Qasidat al-Burda โ€“ kom till. Han skrev den efter att ha att han drabbats av en fรถrlamning, i avsikt att genom lovord till Allah’s Sรคndebud sรถka fรถrlรฅtelse och bot:

Jag tjรคnar honom med lovord, varigenom jag sรถker tillgift

fรถr en livstids synder i lovdikt och tjรคnst (รฅt andra)

sรคger han i det nionde avsnittet av Qasidat al-Burdah. Men med Mantelhymnen sรถkte han varken รคra, berรถmmelse eller furstars gunst:

Jag sรถker inte de vรคrldens blomster som skรถrdats

av Zuhayr’s hรคnder fรถr hans eloge till Harim.

Han lรคste upp den i ensamhet โ€“ den var inte avsedd fรถr andra mรคnniskors รถron, utan uteslutande รคgnad Allah’s Sรคndebud, fred och vรคlsignelser vare med honom. Sรฅ en natt visade sig Profeten Muhammad fรถr honom och lade sin mantel (burdah) รถver honom, varefter han reste sig helbrรคgdagjord. Enligt en berรคttelse mรถttes han morgonen dรคrpรฅ av en man som bad honom lรคsa upp sin qasidah.
“Vilken qasidah?”, frรฅgade imamen. “Jag har skrivit mรฅnga vรคlkรคnda qasdidor.”
“Jag menar den som slutar pรฅ bokstaven mim”, svarade mannen.
Imamen blev fรถrvรฅnad.
“Jag har inte berรคttat fรถr nรฅgon om den. Hur har du fรฅtt hรถra om den?”
Mannen berรคttade att han i en drรถm fรฅtt reda pรฅ allt som hรคnt imam al-Busiri, och pรฅ sรฅ sรคtt kom Qasidat al-Burdah till eftervรคrldens kรคnnedom.

Qasidat al-Burdah
Qasidat al-Burdah รคr den mest kรคnda av Imam al-Busiri’s qasidor โ€“ ja man kan nog utan รถverdrift pรฅstรฅ att den รคr den mest kรคnda arabiska dikt som skrivits nรฅgonsin. Den รคr spridd i hela den muslimska vรคrlden och har รถversatts till en mรคngd olika sprรฅk. Dess verser smyckar vรคggarna i moskรฉer och andra offentliga byggnader. Barn lรคr sig att sjunga den som smรฅ och vuxna reciterar den vid dhikr-mรถten eller i samband med religiรถsa festligheter. Om den lรคses med uppriktighet och adab tjรคnar den till bot mot sjukdomar och till andligt framsteg. Och vare sig den framfรถrs som litterรคrt verk eller som andlig sรฅng rรถr den sina รฅhรถrare till fรถrundran och tรฅrar och frammanar mรถtet med “den bรคsta av Allah’s skapade varelser” โ€“ khairu khalqi Allahi kullihimi โ€“ fred och vรคlsignelser vare med honom.

Dess fullstรคndiga titel รคr “Strรฅlande stjรคrnor till hyllning av mรคnsklighetens frรคmste”8. Den bestรฅr av 160 tudelade versrader som alla slutar pรฅ bokstaven mim (dรคrfรถr kallas den ibland รคven fรถr “Al-Mimiyya”). Dess sprรฅk รคr, trots sin sparsamhet i ord, รถverflรถdande i retoriska finesser, som kom att bli stilbildande fรถr mรฅnga senare generationer. Den รคr fylld med anspelningar pรฅ Koranen och Profeten Muhammads sunna (fred och vรคlsignelser vare med honom), och fรถr den som fรถrmรฅr trรคnga in dess finare nyanser รคr den en andlig vรคgvisare.

Ref: B. Muhammad-Klingman: “Qasida Burda โ€“ en presentation av imam al-Busiri’s Mantelhymn”, Minaret 2006

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [16] online

[16] ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจูˆุตูŠุฑูŠ([1])
(608- 694)
ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ูุงุถู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฐู ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู„ุงุฐ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุณุนูŠุฏ ุจู† ุญู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฏู‘ูŽู„ุงุตูŠ ุงู„ุตู‘ูู†ู‡ุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจููˆุตูŠุฑูŠ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‡.

ูˆู„ุฏ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŽู„ุงุต ุฃูˆู„ ุดู‡ุฑ ุดูˆุงู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ู ูˆุณุช ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃุจูˆุงู‡ ู‚ุฏู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูุงุณุชูˆุทู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุฉุŒ ูู†ุดุฃ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญูุฌุฑ ุฃุจูŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชุฑุนุฑุน ูˆู…ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูุญูุธูŽ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏู…ูŽ ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆุญุถุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ู„ุช ู…ุนุงู„ู…ู‡ ูุฃุฌุงุฒูˆู‡ ูุฃุชู‰ ูˆุฏุฑุณ ูˆุตุงุฑุช ู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠุจุฉูŒ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุจุฑุน ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธู… ุญุชู‰ ูุงู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ูŽ ุนุตุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ู‡ู…ู‘ูŽุฉูŒ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ุณู„ุงุทูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุธูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู…ู‘ุฉ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ู‹ุง ููŠู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู…ุฏุญู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆูŠู‡ุฌูˆ ุฃุนุฏุงุกู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู†ู‚ุทุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ ูˆู…ุงู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุณู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจูŠ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณูŠ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุนู„ู…ูŽ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆุญุธูŽ ุจุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆุจุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู„ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ูุนุธู…ุช ู‡ูŠุจุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฌู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุธุงุฑุŒ ูˆุดุฏู‘ูŽุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูุญุงู„ู ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุตุงุฑุŒ ูˆุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุดุญุงุช([2]) ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏุญ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ูˆูŠูƒููŠ ููŠ ูุถู„ู‡ ุจุฑุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉูŒ ู„ู… ูŠุฃุชู ุจู…ุซู„ู‡ุง ุฃุญุฏูŒุŒ ู„ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ุงุนุชู†ุชู’ ุจุดุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุดุงูŠุฎู ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู„ู‡ุง ูุถุงุฆู„ ูˆุฎูˆุงุต ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจู ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ู‘ูุŒ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ ยซุชุญูุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุบุจูŠู† ูˆู†ุฒู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจูŠู† ููŠ ุฎูˆุงุต ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ยป ูู…ู† ุฃุฑุงุฏู‡ ูู„ูŠุทู„ุจู‡ ุญูŠุซ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ.

ุจู„ุบ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู…ูŽ ุงู„ุบูˆุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุฏุงู… ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ุจุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู‚ุธุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงู….

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฅุฐุง ู…ุดู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฒู‚ุฉ ุชู†ุฏู„ู‚ู ุงู„ู†ุงุณู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูŠู‚ุจู‘ู„ูˆู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชุดู… ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุฌุณุฏู‡ ุฑูˆุงุฆุญ ุทูŠุจุฉ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠุฑุชุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุงู„ุญุณู†ุงุกุŒ ู…ู†ูˆู‘ุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุจุฉุŒ ุจุณู‘ุงู… ุงู„ุซุบุฑุŒ ุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ุŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุกุŒ ู…ุชูˆุงุถุนู‹ุง ุฒุงู‡ุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุฐุง ุนูู‘ูŽุฉ ูˆูˆู‚ุงุฑ.

ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุฌู…ุงุนุฉูŒ ู…ู† ุฃูุงุถู„ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ.

ุชูˆูู‰ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡ ุจุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆุณุช ู…ุฆุฉ.

ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู…ูŒ ูŠูุฒุงุฑุŒ ูˆู…ุณุฌุฏ ุชูู‚ุงู… ููŠู‡ ุดุนุงุฆุฑ ุฃู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑุŒ ูˆุชุชุณุงู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุชุจุฏูˆ ู„ู„ุฒุงุฆุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณู‘ูู„ู ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุง ุดูƒู‘ูŽ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ู†ุชูˆุณู‘ูŽู„ู ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุทููŽ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู‚ู„ุจูŽ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุขู…ูŠู†.

Qasida al-Burda

Links to Qasida al-Burda:

  1. text, translation & audio (load audio-archive)
  2. manuscripts & calligraphies (load picture archive)

Introdction
The Burda, or the Prophet’s Mantle is a qasida (hymn) composed by the great Sufi Shaykh Imam Sharafuddin Muhammad Al-Busiri Rahmatullahi ‘Alaih who was born in Misr (Egypt) in 608 A.H. (1212 C.E) and died in 695 A.H. (1296 C.E). He was a disciple of Imam Abu’l ‘Abbas al-Mursi Rahmatullahi ‘Alaih who was a Khalifa of Imam Abu’l Hasan ash-Shazili Rahmatullahi ‘Alaih.

He composed the Burda while suffering from a stroke which had paralysed half of his body. After praying to Allah Sub’hanahu wa Ta’ala to heal him, he fell asleep and in his dream recited this qasida to the Holy Prophet Sayyidina wa Mawlana Hadhrat Muhammad Mustafa Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam who touched the paralysed part of his body and threw his mantle (Burda) over him. On arising, he was miraculously cured, the news of which spread far and wide. Hence the qasida came to be called Qasida tu’l Burda and received veneration among all Muslims as a qasida especially approved by the beloved Prophet Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam. Its verses are often learned by heart and inscribed on the walls of public buildings. It is congregationally recited in the majalis (spiritual gatherings) of the Zaakireen (those who remember Allah Ta’ala) all over the world. It cures diseases as well as purifies hearts if recited with love and devotion.

More than 90 commentaries have been written on this qasida and it has been translated in Persian, Urdu, Turkish, Berber, Punjabi, English, French and German, among other languages.

The Burda is in 10 parts and has 160 verses all of which end in the Arabic letter Meem, hence it is a “Meemiyya”. The 10 parts of the Burda are about:

  1. Love for Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam
  2. A warning against the desires of the nafs
  3. Praise of the beloved Prophet Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam
  4. Events occuring on his birth
  5. His miracles
  6. Praise of the Glorious Qur’an
  7. The “Isra” and “Mi’raj” of the noble Prophet Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam
  8. His battles
  9. Repentence, asking forgiveness of Allah Sub’hanahu wa Ta’ala and seeking intercession of the beloved Prophet Sallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam
  10. Supplication to Allah Sub’hanahu wa Ta’ala

Ref: Siddiq Osman Noormuhammad, Iqra Islamic Publications

Photos

Courtyard of the mosque adjacent to the maqam of Imam al-Busiri in Alexandria

Refs

ยฉ Damas Cultural Society 2007 — Latest update: 2008-05-01
Original site: damas-original.nur.nu
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Bio: Moulay 'Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish

Sayyidi Maolay `Abd al-Salam Ibn Mashish al-Hasani al-Idirisi

ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ู…ูู†ูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ุดูŠุด
d. 622 H. Jabal ‘Alam near Tetuan
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทบ

๏ทฝ

He was `Abd al-Salam ibn Sulayman, known as Ibn Mashish, whose lineage goes back to Sayyiduna Idris, the founder of the city of Fas and descended of Sayyiduna al-Hasan, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (sallAllah aleihi wa sallam)…

Bio English

1. From Damas Cultural Society
2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyya
3. From dar-sirr.com



Sayyidi Mawlaya `Abd al-Salam Ibn Mashish al-Hasani al-Idirisi
Compiled by bmk / Damas Cultural Society ยฉ 2008 – original page

He was `Abd al-Salam ibn Sulayman, known as Ibn Mashish, whose lineage goes back to Sayyiduna Idris, the founder of the city of Fas and descended of Sayyiduna al-Hasan, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (sallAllah aleihi wa sallam). He was was born around 559 or 563 H. in a village on the `Alam mountain near Titwan, an ancient city in the region of Habt (Ghumara) in northern Maghrib, where one of his forefathers came to settle among the Berbers. He studied the Quran and Maliki law under the Idrisite sharifs of Banu Arus, in addition to prominent Sufi scholars such as Sidi Salem of Qabilat Bani Yusuf and sharif Sidi al-Hajj Ahmed Aqatran Asalani of Qabilat Bani Abraj, near modern Taza. He supported himself by the work of his own hands, tillign the earth. 2 For some time he lived for some time in Sabta, teaching Quranic recitation to children. He and waged jihad , fighting with the Almohad army in al-Andalus. 3

His Lineage2
He was `Abd al-Salam b. Sulayman ibn Abi Bakr b. `Ali al-`Alami b. Buharma b. `Isa b. Salam al.-`Arus b. Ahmad Mazwรขr b. `Ali Haydara b. Muhammad b. Idris al-Thani b. Idris al-Awwal b. `Abd Allah al-Kamil b. al-Hasan al.Muthanna b. al-Hasan al-Sibt b. `Ali b. Abi Talib and Fatima al-Zhara daughter of the Messenger of Allah Muhammad b. `Abd Allah – salllAllah `aleihi wa sallam.

ู€ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจู…ุดูŠุด ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุจูƒุฑ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ ุจู† ุจูˆ ุญุฑู…ุฉ ุจู† ุนูŠุณู‰ ุจู† ุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนุฑูˆุณ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ู…ุฒูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุญูŠุฏุฑุฉ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจู† ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ู…ุซู†ู‰ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุณุจุท ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุทุงู„ุจ ูˆ ูุงุทู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฑุงุก ุจู†ุช ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…

His Spiritual Path
He took the spiritual sciences from `Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Husayn al-`Attar, a spice merchant from the city of Sabta, who was called “az-Zayyat” or “al-Madani” because he resided in the oil sellers’ quarter of Medina (where his tomb is still found). His first encounter with Sheikh `Abd al-Rahman al-`Attar took place when he was at the age of seven. He was in a state of jadhb (spriritual attraction) when the Sheikh came to him, dsiplaying the signs of the people of Allah, and said to him: “I am your Sheikh”. He fortold him of his rank, his spiritual states, and mentioned each of his maqams one by one. Then he said: “I am your intermediary (wรขsita) in every state and maqam”. 1

The last twenty years of his life Sayyidi Ibn Mashish devoted to worship and contemplation on the heights of Jabal al-`Alam (Flag Mountain), a period which culminated in his encounter with his only disciple, the fellow Idrisite Imam Abul Hasan Shadhili (d. 656 H.)

From him the al-Salat al-Mashishiyya, on which the Wazhifa of Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili is based.

His Passing
He died as a martyr year 622 H., when he Spanish, led by their missionary Ibn Abi Tawajin Laktami, headed to Jabal al-Alam and killed the Shaykh in the very place where he initiated Imam Abul Hassan Shadhili. He was buried on the moutain.

Sources

[1] Al-Hasan b. Muhammad al-Kuhun: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya al-Kubra
[2] Dr. Amal b. Idris b. al-hasan al-`Alami: `Aqd Farid fi Tarikh al- Shurafa’ al-talid (quoted at ar.wikipedia.org)
[3] From www.dar-sirr.com

ยฉ Damas Cultural Society 2007 — Updated 2008, 2010 — Latest update: 2017-05-19
Original page: damas-original.nur.nu



Ibn Mashish

From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

t.b.d.



The origin of Banu ‘Arus
From Dar-Sirr3

Upon the death of Sidna al-Imam Moulay Idriss II, he left twelve sons, who were sent throughout Morocco by their grandmother Kanza to proliferate the Idrissi-Hassanid sharifism. One Idrissite imam, however, became through his descendents an important figure in the development of the sharifian paradigm of sainthood. Moulay Ali ‘Haydara, a grandson of Moulay Idriss II, received the bay’a as Imam and ruler of Fez in 221/836. When he failed to designate his infant son Moulay Ahmed Mizwar as his successor before his own death in 234/849, the Idrissite imamate passed into the hands of his cousins, the descendents of Moulay Omar ibn Moulay Idriss II, who lived in the regions of Habt and Ghumara in northern Morocco.

After being passed over for the imamate, Moulay Ahmed Mizwar became disenchanted with politics and devoted himself to a life of worship and asceticism. Sometime before the turn of the tenth century, or just before the Idrissite state became a bone of connection between the Fatimids of Ifriqiya and the Umayyads of Spain, he moved from Fez to northern Morocco and established himself at Hajar an-Nasr (Escarpment of the Eagle), a fortes situated in the Habt region among the Sanhaja Berber tribes of Ahl Sarif, Banu Yusuf, and Sumata. As his nickname, Mizwar (Berber. lion or leader) implies, this great grandson of Moulay Idriss II was adopted as a spiritual leader by the tribes who lived near his mountaintop stronghold. According to local tradition, when the chiefs of these tribes asked Moulay Ahmed Mizwar to delegate a member of his family to join them and favour them with the baraka of the Prophet Sidna Mohammed (peace and blessing be upon him) he chose his son Abdessalam (known locally as “Sidi Sellam”). As a means of honouring the young sharif, who had recently married, the tribesman renamed themselves “Banu Arus” (Sons of the Bridegroom), the appellation by which they are known today. For the next seven generations, the descendents of Sidi Sellam established themselves among the Berbers of Banu Arus while maintaining a reputation for holiness that was based almost exclusively on their Hassanid descent.

Birth and childhood Moulaya Abdus-Salam Ibn Mashish
Around the year 530/1135-6, a child named Sulayman, but later named “Mashish” (Ber. Little Cat”), was born to a sharif of the Bani Arus known as Abu Bakr ibn Ali. Upon reaching maturity, Sulayman Mashish withdrew from the world as an ascetic and built a hermitage that still stands among the ruins of his natal village of Aghyul.

In either 559/1146 or 563/1148, he sired a son named Moulay Abdessalam, who would become the patron saint of Moroccan Sufism. According to sources, Moulay Abdessalam became a Fool of God (Majdoub) at the age of 7, when a man, with righteousness on his face, entered on him to a cave and said: “I am your master who initiate you (amudduka)”.

His life
Mawlana Abu Mohammed Moulay Abdessalam Ibn Mashish lived for sixty-three years, the same lifespan as of the prophet Sidna Mohammed, peace and blessing be upon him. During this period, his career passed through three distinct faces. First, he was a scholar and studied the Quran and Maliki jurisprudence under the Idrissite sharifs of Banu Arus in addition to prominent Sufi-scholars such as Sidi Salem of Qabilat Bani Yusuf and sharif Sidi al-Hajj Ahmed Aqatran Asalani of Qabilat Bani Abraj, near modern Taza. Later, he was a mujahid, a defender of the faith, and lived in Sabta, where he supported himself by teaching Quranic recitation to children and fought with the Almohad army in al-Andalus. Finally, after embracing Sufism, he devoted the last twenty years of his life to worship and contemplation on the heights of Jabal al-Alam (Flag Mountain), a period which culminated in his encounter with his only disciple, the fellow Idrissite and founder of the Shadhiliya Sufi order, Sidi Abul Hassan Shadhili (d. 656/1241). Moulay Abdessalam was martyred in 622/1207 after the Spanish, led by their missionary Ibn Abi Tawajin Laktami, headed to Jabal al-Alam and killed the Shaykh in the very place where he initiated Abul Hassan Shadhili. His tomb on Jabal al-Alam is the first visited shrine in Northern Morocco.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [2] online
[2] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ุดูŠุด([1])
(… โ€“ 622)

ู‚ุทุจู ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ุฃุณุชุงุฐู ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ู…ุบุงุฑุจุŒ ูˆุณู†ุฏู ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ุฌุญ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุŒ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ูŽุดูŠุด ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุจูƒุฑ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ.

ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ุทุจูŽ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ูˆุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ูุฑุฏุŒ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠุŒ ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุณุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ู„ู‘ุฉุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ุฏู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุจูŠู† ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ู… ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุดู…ุณู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฒู…ู†ู‡.

ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชูŒ ูˆุฎูˆุงุฑู‚ ู„ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุชุญุช ุญุตุฑูุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ ุณู…ุน ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏู ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงู†ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ ุขู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงุชูู‹ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ูŠุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑุŒ ุงุฑูุน ุฑุฌู„ูƒ ุนู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ู‚ุทุจูŽ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ู‚ุฏ ูˆู„ุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูุชู…ุดู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ุญูŠุซ ู…ูˆู„ุฏ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุชู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุจูŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูŽุดูŠุดุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุฃุฎุฑุฌู ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ุฏูƒ. ูุฎุฑู‘ุฌูŽ ู„ู‡ ุฃุญุฏูŽ ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ. ูุฃุฎุฑุฌ ู„ู‡ ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏูŽู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ู…ุง ุจู‚ูŠ ุฅู„ุง ูˆู„ุฏูŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…. ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ: ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ุจู‡ุ› ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃูุฑูŠุฏู‡. ูุฃุฎุฑุฌู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูŽุดูŠุดุŒ ูุฃุฎุฐู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑุŒ ูˆู…ุณุญูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฏุนุง ู„ู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู‡ู„ู‘ูŽ ู‡ู„ุงู„ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ูŠู…ุชู†ุนู ุนู† ุซุฏูŠ ุฃู…ู‡ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฐู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจู ู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุฑุชุถุน ู…ู†ู‡.

ูˆูŠูƒููŠูƒ ููŠ ูุถู„ู‡ ุฃู†ูŽู‡ ุฃุณุชุงุฐู ุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุงุจ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ: ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏู‘ูุณูˆู‚ูŠุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡.

ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุดู‡ูŠุฏู‹ุง ู‚ุชู„ู‡ ุงุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฌู†ุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุจู…ูˆุถุนู‡ ุจุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุจุซุบุฑ ุชุทูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆุจูู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู…ูŒุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญูŒุŒ ูˆู‚ุจุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ.

ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ูู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูุณุชุฌุงุจ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุนุงุกุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ู‘ูŽุง ู„ุง ุดูƒู‘ูŽ ููŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌุฑู‘ูŽุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ุบูŠุฑู ูˆุงุญุฏูุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุฃุฑุถู ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ูƒู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุดุงูุนูŠู‘ู ุจู…ุตุฑุŒ ูˆููŠู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู„:

ุงุทู„ุจ ุจุณุฑู‘ู ุงุจู† ู…ูŽุดูŠุด ู…ุง ุชูุฑูŠุฏ * ุชูŽู†ูŽู„ู’ู‡ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุนู†ูƒูŽ ุจุนูŠุฏ

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ู…ู† ุฒุงุฑูŽ ู‚ุจุฑูŠ ุญุฑู‘ูŽู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌุณุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ.

ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู…ุญุจู‘ูŽุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู‘ู‡ ูˆุฃุซุฑู‡ ุขู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ุดูŠุด ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุจูƒุฑ (ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑ) ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ (ุฃูˆ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู…) ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ: ู†ุงุณูƒ ู…ุบุฑุจูŠุŒ ุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุจุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ ุชุฏุนู‰ ยซุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุดูŠุฉยป ุดุฑุญู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุฏ ููŠ ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุจุซุบุฑ ุชุทูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุชู„ ููŠู‡ ุดู‡ูŠุฏู‹ุง ุณู†ุฉ 622ู‡ู€. ู‚ุชู„ุชู‡ ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจุนุซู‡ู… ุฑุฌู„ ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุงุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฌูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงู…ูŠ (ุณุงุญุฑ ู…ุชู†ุจุฆ) ูˆุฏูู† ุจู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (4/9)].

Poetry

Three poems in honor of Moulay Abdus Salam Ibn Mashish
By His Eminence Shaykh Muhammad Al-Yaqoubi
Composed and recited by the author during the Ziyara to the Maqam of Moulay Ibn Mashish Sept 15-16 2018 / 1440 H.

The Mine of Light – ู…ุนุฏู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ โ†’
The secrets of the Mashishiyya Prayer – ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุดูŠุฉ
The Virtues of Moulay AbdusSalam Ibn Mashish – ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุงุจู† ู…ุดูŠุด

Mashishiyya

The Mashishi Prayer

t.b.d.

Photos

Burial place
of Maolay `Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish on the `Alam mountain, Morocco
Click pictures to enlarge

From dar-sirr.com3
Maqam of Moulaya Abdus-Salam ibn Mashish


Photos from Jabal ยดAlam: Noor Lesley Petrie
Visitors at his Burial place at Tetuan

Jabal ยดAlam maqam with mosque

Jabal ยดAlam- Mosque


Jabal ยดAlam mountain view


Jabal ยดAlam mountain view


Jabal ยดAlam mountain view


Jabal ยดAlam - The well a the foot of the mountain where Sayyiduna Imam Abul Hasan washed before meeting Sayyiduna Ibn Mashish Jabal ยดAlam – The well a the foot of the mountain where Sayyiduna Imam Abul Hasan washed before meeting Sayyiduna Ibn Mashish Jabal ยดAlam - The well


From Anonymous

Burial place at Jabal Alam

Location

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t.b.d.
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Bio: Sh Muhammad al-Hashimi

    Shaykh Muhammad al-Hashimi al Hasani al-Shadhili

    b. 1298 โ€“ d. 1381 H. (1880โ€“1961 CE) in Damascus (CE)

    ๏ทฝ

    Sh. Muhammad al-Hashimi
    View article on Damas Cultural Society ยฉ 2007 | English | Arabic

    His Shaykh was Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yallis al-Tlimsani.
    Among his students is Sh. Shukri al-Luhafi – may Allah be pleased with them all.

    English

    ุนุฑุจูŠ

    View article from shazli.com

    From albwhsn.net

    ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ู…ุณุงู†ูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰

    ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰:

    ูˆู„ุฏ ุณู…ุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑูˆุญู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุจูˆูŠู† ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง ู…ู† ุขู„ ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู†ุจูˆุฉุŒ ูŠุฑุฌุน ู†ุณุจู‡ู…ุง ุฅูู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุจุช 22 ุดูˆุงู„ 1298ู‡ู€ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุณุจุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุชู„ู…ุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠุฉ. ูˆูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุนู„ู…ุงุฆู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุงุถูŠุงู‹ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุชูˆููŠ ุชุฑูƒ ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏุงู‹ ุตุบุงุฑุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃูƒุจุฑู‡ู… ุณู†ุงู‹.

    ุจู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชุธู… ููŠ ุณู„ูƒู‡ู… ุฌุงุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฒุฏูŠุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ุซู… ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ู…ุน ุดูŠุฎู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ูŠูŽู„ูู‘ุณ ุฅูู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุงู… ูุงุฑุงู‹ ู…ู† ุธู„ู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅููุฑู†ุณูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠ ู…ู† ุญุถูˆุฑ ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ู‡ู…. ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฌุฑุชู‡ู…ุง ููŠ 20 ุฑู…ุถุงู† ุณู†ุฉ 1329ู‡ู€ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุทู†ุฌุฉ ูˆู…ุฑุณูŠู„ูŠุงุŒ ู…ุชูˆุฌู‡ูŠู† ุฅูู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุงู…. ูู…ูƒุซุง ููŠ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุฃูŠุงู…ุงู‹ ู‚ู„ุงุฆู„ุŒ ูˆุนู…ูู„ูŽุชู’ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฉ ุขู†ุฐุงูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุบุงุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู†ุตูŠุจู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅูู„ู‰ ุชุฑูƒูŠุง ูˆุฃู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุฃุถู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุจู‚ูŠ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงุจู† ูŠูŽู„ูู‘ุณ ููŠ ุฏู…ุดู‚. ูˆุนุงุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุฅูู„ู‰ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุ› ูุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุจุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงุจู† ูŠูŽู„ูู‘ุณ ูˆูŽุตูŽุญุจู‡ ูˆู„ุงุฒูŽู…ู‡.

    ูˆููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุงู… ุชุงุจุน ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุนู„ู…ุงุฆู‡ุง. ูˆู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูู‘ุซ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญูŽุณูŽู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃู…ูŠู† ุณูˆูŠุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฌุนูุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ูƒูŠูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุชูˆููŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆุจูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนุทุงุฑ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุนู„ู… ุฃูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ูŠูˆุณู ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุงู„ูƒุงููŠ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฒู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุฎู‡ ุจุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ.

    ุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุฐู† ู„ู‡ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏุจู† ูŠูŽู„ูู‘ุณ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุฑุฃู‰ ู…ู† ุชููˆู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ู ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉู ูˆุงู„ู†ุตุญู ู„ู‡ู… ูˆุฎุฏู…ุชูู‡ู…. ูˆู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ู„ุฃุฏุงุก ูุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌ ุ› ู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุจุนุฏ ูˆูุงุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ูŠูŽู„ูู‘ุณ ุณู†ุฉ 1350ู‡ู€ุŒ ูˆุฃุฐู† ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต [ุชู„ู‚ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฃุนุธู…] ูˆุงู„ุฅูุฑุดุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู….

    ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ู‡ ูˆุณูŠุฑุชู‡:

    ูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู…ุชุฎู„ู‚ุงู‹ ุจุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ (ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…)ุŒ ู…ุชุงุจุนุงู‹ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ู‡ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ูˆุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ู‡ ูˆุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ู†ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ (ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…).
    ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุชูˆุงุถุนุงู‹ ุญุชู‰ ุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุณุจู‚ู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฑุฌุงู„ ุนุตุฑู‡ ููŠ ุชูˆุงุถุนู‡.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠุนุงู…ู„ูˆู‡. ุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุฌู„ ูู‚ุจูŽู‘ู„ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุ› ูˆุฃุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุจู„ ูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ูุงู…ุชู†ุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู‚ุงู„: ุฃุณุชุบูุฑู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุช ุฃู‡ู„ุงู‹ ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŽู‚ุจู„ ุฑุฌู„ูƒู…. ูู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰: ุฅูุฐุง ู‚ูŽุจูŽู‘ู„ุช ุฑูุฌู’ู„ูŽู†ูŽุง ูู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ุจู„ ุฑุฌู„ูŽูƒู….

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠุฎุฏู… ุฅูุฎูˆุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ููŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐ

    ููŠุจูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠู‚ุฏูู‘ู… ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุญู…ู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุงุด ู…ุน ุถุนู ุฌุณู…ู‡. ูˆูƒู… ุฌุฆู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูˆุทุฑู‚ู†ุง ุจุงุจู‡ุŒ ููŠูุชุญ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุซูŠุงุจู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฌู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุณุชุนุฏ. ูู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุซูˆุจ ู†ูˆู… ุฃุจุฏุงู‹.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุญู„ูŠู…ุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุบุถุจ ุฅูู„ุง ู„ู„ู‡. ุญูŽุฏูŽุซ ุฃู† ุฌุงุกู‡ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู† ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุฅูู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชู‡ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ูŠุชู‡ุฌู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุชู‡ูƒู… ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุจูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูŠู‚ุดุนุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู… ุ› ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุฒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ู‡: ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุฌุฒูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุŒ ุฅูู†ูƒ ุชูุจูŠู† ุนูŠูˆุจู†ุงุŒ ูˆุณูˆู ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู†ุชุญู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ูุงุถู„ุฉ. ูˆู…ุง ุฃู† ุทุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุจุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุฅูู„ุง ูˆุฃู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎุŒ ูŠู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุฏู…ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฐุฑุฉ.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูƒุฑูŠู…ุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุฑุฏ ุณุงุฆู„ุงู‹. ูˆูƒู… ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุฃุดุฎุงุตุงู‹ ูŠุฃุชูˆู† ุฅูู„ูŠู‡ ููŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ูˆูŠูƒุฑู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู„ุงุณูŠู…ุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุ› ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุจูŠุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุฑู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ูŠุฃุชูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃููˆุงุฌุงู‹ ุฃููˆุงุฌุงู‹ ูŠุฃูƒู„ูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุงุจุชุณุงู…ุชู‡ ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุจู„ุบ ู…ู† ูƒุฑู…ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‰ ุฏุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ ุญูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†: ู‚ุณู… ู„ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุณู… ู„ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐู‡ ูˆู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู‡.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุงุณุน ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ูˆุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุฑ ู…ุน ุจุดุงุดุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุ› ุญุชู‰ ุฅูู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุบุฑุจุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุตุจุฑู‡ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ! ู…ุดุฑุจูู†ูŽุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ. ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅูู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุนุงุตูŠ ูู„ุง ูŠุฑู‰ ุฅูู„ุง ุงู„ุจุดุงุดุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ูˆุณุนุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑุŒ ูˆูƒู… ุชุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุนุตุงุฉ ู…ู†ุญุฑููˆู†ุŒ ูุงู†ู‚ู„ุจูˆุง ุจูุถู„ ุตุญุจุชู‡ ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰.

    ุญูŽุฏูŽุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุณุงุฆุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุฏุฑุณุŒ ูู…ุฑ ุจู‡ ุณูƒุฑุงู† ุ› ูู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฅูู„ุง ุฃู† ุฃุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ ุนู† ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฏุนุง ู„ู‡ ูˆู†ุตุญู‡ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ุฑุฌู„ ูŠุญุถุฑ ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎุŒ ูˆุชุงุจ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุญุณู†ุชู’ ุชูˆุจุชู‡.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูŠู‡ุชู… ุจุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆูŠุชุฃู„ู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุถุฑ ุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠุŒ ูŠุจุญุซ ููŠ ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆูŠุญุฐูู‘ุฑ ู…ู† ุชูุฑู‚ุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุทุจุน ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุชุจูŠู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชูุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆุถุฑุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุงุนุชุตุงู… ุจุญุจู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู…ุงู‡ุง: ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠู… ููŠ ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู….

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูŠูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑ ุจูƒู„ ุฃุณุงู„ูŠุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุจุญุซ ููŠ ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ู‡ ุนู† ู…ุฏู‰ ุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑ ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ. ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ูŽุฏุจุชู’ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุฅูู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูู‘ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู…ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุธูŽู‘ู…ุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุจูŠุฉุŒ ุณุงุฑุน ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุจูŠุฉุŒ ููƒุงู† ูŠุชุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู…ุน ุถุนู ุฌุณู…ู‡ ูˆู†ุญูˆู„ู‡ ูˆูƒุจุฑ ุณู†ู‡. ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ุถุฑุจ ู„ู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฅููŠู…ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฏ ููŠ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฐูƒูŽู‘ุฑู†ุง ุจูู…ูŽู†ู’ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏูŠู† ุงู„ูƒูู…ูŽู‘ู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฌุงู‡ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุฑุจูˆู‡ ุ› ุฃู…ุซุงู„ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ูˆุณูŠ ูˆุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠ. ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ู„ุฅูุฎุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑ ูˆุฃุฐู†ุงุจู‡ู… ุฅูู„ุง ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุญุณู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูŠูู‚ุจู„ูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู‚ูŠู„: ู„ู… ูŠุดุชู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠ ุจุนู„ู…ู‡ ู…ุน ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุดุชู‡ุฑ ุจูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ู…ุน ุฃู† ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุจุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชูˆุงุถุนู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฅูุฐุง ุญุถุฑู’ุชูŽ ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ุŒ ุดุนุฑุช ูƒุฃู†ูƒ ููŠ ุฑูˆุถุฉ ู…ู† ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุ› ู„ุฃู† ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ููŠู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุดูˆุจู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุฏุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ูƒุฑุงุช. ููƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูŠุชุญุงุดู‰ ุฃู† ูŠูุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุญุถุฑุชู‡ ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆูŠู†ู‚ุต. ูˆู„ุง ูŠุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ูุณุงู‚ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุนู†ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู† ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ.

    ูˆุจู‚ูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฆุจุงู‹ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุฅูุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ู… ู…ู…ุง ูˆู‚ุนูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุบ. ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญู„ู‚ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุจุงุญ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก ุ› ูˆู„ุงุณูŠู…ุง ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ููŠุจูŠูู‘ู†ูŽ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูุงุณุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅูู„ุญุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุน ุจูŠุงู† ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ุฅูู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุ› ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‡ ุฏูˆู† ุณูˆุงู‡

    ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅูุฑุดุงุฏ:
    ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุชู‡ ู‚ุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฑุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุถุฌุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูŠู… ู€ ู…ุน ุถุนู ุฌุณู…ู‡ ู€ ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุฏูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠูˆุชุŒ ูˆูŠุทูˆู ููŠ ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ุฏู…ุดู‚ุŒ ูŠุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ (ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…). ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฒู„ ู…ุซุงุจุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ู…ุชู‡ ูˆู†ุดุงุทู‡ ูˆุฏุนูˆุชู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุฃูŠุงู…ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ.

    ุชุชู„ู’ู…ุฐูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุฎุจุฉูŒ ุทูŠุจุฉูŒ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ ูŠู‡ุชุฏูˆู† ุจุฅูุฑุดุงุฏุงุชู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุบุชุฑููˆู† ู…ู† ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ุชุจุณูˆู† ู…ู† ุฅููŠู…ุงู†ู‡ ูˆู…ุนุงุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุฐูˆู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุฌุนูˆู† ุฅูู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุฃูู…ูˆุฑู‡ู….
    ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุฐู† ู„ู„ู…ุณุชููŠุฏูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅูุฑุดุงุฏุŒ ูˆุจุฐุง ุงู†ุชุดุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ููŠ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ูˆุญู„ุจุŒ ูˆููŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุณูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฅูุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ.

    ู…ุคู„ูุงุชู‡:

    1ู€ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุดุฑุญ ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ.
    2ู€ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูˆู…ุฉ ุจุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุน ู†ุธู’ู…ู‡ุง.
    3ู€ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุจุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุซ ุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุน ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุตู†ุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตุงู†ุน.
    4ู€ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูˆู…ุฉ ุจุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุน ู†ุธู…ู‡ุง.
    5ู€ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจู‡ูŠุฉ.
    6ู€ ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุณุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุงุณุชุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุงุฒ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู† ู…ุฑุดุฏูŠู†.
    7ู€ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠู… ููŠ ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู….
    8ู€ ุดุฑุญ ุดุทุฑู†ุฌ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุจู† ุนุฑุจูŠ.
    9ู€ ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ.
    10ู€ ุดุฑุญ ู†ุธู… ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ.
    ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„.

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุนู„ู… ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุฅูู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡.

    ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‚ุถู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูŠุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู†ููˆุณุŒ ูˆูŠุฒูƒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุบุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุนุชุฑูŠู‡ ู…ู„ู„ ูˆู„ุง ูƒุณู„. ูˆุงุณุชู‚ุงู…ุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ (ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…) ู‚ูˆู„ุงู‹ ูˆุนู…ู„ุงู‹ ูˆุญุงู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูˆุตูŠุชูู‡ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุญูŠุงุชู‡: ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุชุดู‡ุฏ ู„ู‡ ุจูƒู…ุงู„ ูˆุฑุงุซุชู‡.

    ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฑุญู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฅูู„ู‰ ุฑุถูˆุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ุฑุจู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุงุก 12 ู…ู† ุฑุฌุจ 1381ู‡ู€ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูู‚ 19 ูƒุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ 1961ู…ุŒ ูˆุตูู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠุŒ ุซู… ุดูŠุนุชู’ู‡ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒู ุฅูู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏุญุฏุงุญุŒ ุญูŠุซ ูˆููˆุฑููŠ ู…ุซูˆุงู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูˆู…ูุฒูŽุงุฑ. ูˆู„ุฆู† ูˆุงุฑู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑู ุฌุณุฏูŽู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุŒ ูู…ุง ูˆุงุฑู‰ ุนู„ู…ู‡ ูˆูุถู„ู‡ ูˆู…ุนุงุฑูู‡ ูˆู…ุง ุฃุณุฏู‰ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูˆุฅูุญุณุงู†ุŒ ูู„ูู…ุซู’ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูู„ูŠุนู…ู„ู ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูˆู†. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ุณูŠุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู‚ุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ ุบูŠุถูŒ ู…ู† ููŠุถู ูˆู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู† ุจุญุฑุŒ ูˆุฅูู„ุง ูุณูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ู†ุทูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ู„ู„ุฅูู†ุณุงู† ุฃู† ูŠุญูŠุท ุจู…ุง ุชูƒู†ู‡ ุตุฏูˆุฑูู‡ู… ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ู… ุŸ

    ูˆููŠ ู…ุซู„ู‡ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู„:

    ุฅูู†ู’ ุชู€ู€ุณู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู„ู’ ุฃูŠู€ู€ู€ู†ู‚ู€ู€ุจู€ู€ูˆุฑูุงู„ู€ุนู€ู€ุธู€ู€ู…ู€ู€ุง ูู€ู€ุนู€ู€ู€ู„ู€ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูู€ู€ูˆุงู‡ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ู€ู€ูู€ู€ู€ุณ
    ูˆุจู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุชุฏูŠ ูˆุจู…ุซู„ู‡ู… ู†ุชุดุจูŽู‘ู‡.
    ูู€ุชู€ุดู€ู€ุจูŽู‘ู€ู€ู‡ู€ููˆุงุฅูู† ู„ู… ุชู€ูƒู€ูˆู†ู€ูˆุง ู…ู€ุซู„ูŽู‡ู€ู€ู… ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ ุงู„ุชู€ุดู€ู€ู€ุจูู‘ู€ู€ู‡ูŽ ุจุงู„ู€ูƒู€ู€ุฑุงู…ู ูู€ู€ู€ู€ู„ุงุญู

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ูŠู„:
    ู…ู€ู€ูˆุชู ุงู„ู€ู€ุชู€ู€ู‚ู€ู€ูŠ ุญู€ู€ูŠู€ู€ุงุฉูŒ ู„ุง ุงู†ู€ู€ู‚ู€ู€ุทู€ุงุนูŽ ู„ู‡ู€ู€ุง ู‚ุฏู’ ู…ุงุช ู‚ูˆู…ูŒ ูˆู‡ู…ู’ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃุญูŠุงุกู

    ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€

     

    Photos

    Sh. Muhammad al-Hashimi in arms during the battle of Maysaloun

    Ah. Muhammad al-Hashimi

    Sh. Muhammad al-Hashimi with his sons and Sh. ยดAbdur-Rahman alShaghouri

    Burial Place

    Sh. Muhammad al-Hashimi is buried in Maqbara Dahdah in Damascus – may Allah extend his grave and increase its light.

    Tombstone of Sh Muhammad al-Hashimi in Maqbara Dahdah i Damascus

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Bio: Sh-. `Abd al-Rahman al-`Attar al-Madani

Sayyidi `Abd al-Rahman al-`Attar al-Madani al-Hasani al-Idrisi

(ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฌู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŽุทู‘ูŽุงุฑ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ (ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุจ ุจุงู„ุฒู‘ูŽูŠุงุช
d. around 600 H. in Madina al-Munawwara
radiya Allah anhu

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

From Dar Sirr 2008
`Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Husayn al-`Attar was a spice merchant from the city of Sabta, who was called “az-Zayyat” or “al-Madani” because he resided in the oil sellers’ quarter of Medina (where his tomb is still found), while devoting himself to worship at the Prophet’s mosque. Sidi al-Madani’s spiritual master was Sidi Tuqiyudin al-Fuqayyir, who hailed from the Iranian city of Nahrawan but lived near Wasit in Iraq, the home city of Sidi Abul Fath al-Wasiti (d. 642/1227). Sidi Tuqiyudin apparently had two spiritual lineages: one involving an Iraqi line that is commonly cited as the main silsila in Morocco, whose chain of transmission comes from Sidna al-Hassan ibn Ali, and another, now forgotten leading to Sidi Ahmed ar-Rifa’i (d. 678/1236). Another of Sidi al-Madani’s spiritual masters is the Andalusian mystic Sidi Abi Mohammed Jaafar ibn Abdellah ibn Sayyid Buna al-Khuza’i who took from the Patron Saint of the Maghreb Shaykh Sidi Abu Madyan Shuayb al-Ghawt (d. 594).

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [3] online
[3] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุช (…- ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ)

ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ูŽุดูŠุด ุงู„ุนุงุฑูู ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุทู‘ูŽุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุจ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠู‘ูŽุงุชุŒ ู„ุณูƒู†ุงู‡ ุจุญุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠู‘ูŽุงุชูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุงุญุจู‡ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู….

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑู ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฑุฌุงู„ู ุงู„ุบูŠุจุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุบูˆุซู‹ุง ูƒุงู…ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูุฑุฏู‹ุง ุฌุงู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ ุฃุชู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ูŽุดูŠุด ู„ู…ู‘ูŽุง ูˆู‚ุนูŽ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฐุจุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงุจู† ุณุจุน ุณู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฏุฎู„ูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณูŠู…ุง ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุฃู†ุง ุดูŠุฎูƒ. ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑู‡ ุนู† ุฃู…ูˆุฑู‡ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุชู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ู‚ุงู…ู’ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงุณุทุชูƒ ููŠ ูƒู„ู‘ู ุญุงู„ู ูˆู…ู‚ุงู….

ูˆู‚ุฏ ุณูุฆู„ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏู ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…: ู‡ู„ ูƒู†ุช ุชุฃุชูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ูŠุฃุชูŠูƒุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ูƒู„ู‘ู ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู†. ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ู‡: ุทูŠู‹ู‘ุง ุฃูˆ ู†ุดุฑู‹ุงุŸ ูู‚ุงู„: ุทูŠู‹ู‘ุง.

Photos

t.b.d.
 

Refs

Damas Cultural Society ยฉ 2017
Latest update: 2007-07-26
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Bio: Sh. 'Ali Jamal al-'Amrani

Sayyidi Shaykh ยดAli al-Jamal al-‘Amrani al-Hasani

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„
d. 1194 H. in Fas
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทฝ

๏ทฝ
His Shaykh was Sayyidi Sh. al-โ€˜Arabi ibn Ahmad ibn โ€˜Abd Allah
He passed on his secrets to Sayyidi Imam `Arabi al-Dirqawi
– may Allah be pleased with them all

English

Biography

t.b.d.
From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya

Ref: Hasan b. Muhmmad al-Kuhan al-Fasi: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya al-Kubra


ุนุฑุจูŠ

wiki

ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„: ุช 1194 ู‡
ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆู†ุณุจู‡:

ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุฅู…ุงู… ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ุนู…ุฑุงู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฑูุงุก ุจู†ูŠ ุนู…ุฑุงู† ุฃู‡ู„ ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุจู†ูŠ ุญุณุงู†ุ› ู„ูู‚ุจ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุตู„ ููŠ ู„ู‚ุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ: “ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุตุบุฑู‡ ู‚ูˆูŠุง ุดุฏูŠุฏุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐุงุช ูŠูˆู… ุณุงุฆุฑุง ุจุจุนุถ ุทุฑู‚ ูุงุณุŒ ุฅุฐ ูˆุฌุฏ ุจู‡ุง ู†ุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุนูŠุฑุง ุตุบูŠุฑุง ุฑุงู‚ุฏุงุŒ ูุฑูุนู‡ ูˆูˆุถุนู‡ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูุฑุขู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุญูŠู† ูุนู„ ู…ุง ูุนู„ ูู‚ุงู„: ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุŒ ูุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ูุงุณุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ู„ู‚ุจู‡ ุจุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„”.

ุนู„ู…ู‡ ูˆุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ู‡:
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฏุจุงุบ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: “ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠุง ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ”ุŒ[3] ุฃูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑูู‡ ุญู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุจู„ุบ ู…ุฑุชุจุชู‡.

ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ: “ูƒุงู† ุจุญุฑุง ู„ุง ุณุงุญู„ ู„ู‡ุ› ู„ุฃู† ุนู„ู…ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฃุญู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุนู…ู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฃู…ุฑูŽู‘ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู†ุธู„ุŒ ุฅุฐ ูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุชูˆู†ุณูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ู…ู† ุงุฏุนู‰ ุดู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุชุฃุฏุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌู„ุงู„ ุฃุฑูุถู‡ ูุฅู†ู‡ ุฏุฌุงู„”ุŒ[4] ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฏุจุงุบ: “ูƒุงู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ูู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุงุŒ ุนุงู„ู…ุง ุดู‡ูŠุฑุง ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุถุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ: ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุน ูˆุงู„ูุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุตุญูˆุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฐุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ูู†ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก… ูˆู…ุง ุฃุดุจู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ”.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุชูˆุงุถุนุง ุฎูŠูู‘ุฑุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจู…ูุฑุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ ุนู†ู‡: “ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุตุฏุชู‡ ู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุนุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุฏูŠ ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุจู„ุฉ -ุดุฑูŽู‘ูู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡- ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ูุฏู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุจุงุจ ูุฅุฐุง ุจู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู… ูŠูุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฅุฐ ูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุชุฑูƒ ุชุดุทูŠุจู‡ุง ุจูŠุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุฉ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ูƒุจุฑ ุณู†ู‡ ูˆุนู„ูˆ ุดุฃู†ู‡”.
ู…ุคู„ูุงุชู‡:

โ€ข ู†ุตูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ูˆุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏ ูˆูŠุณู…ู‰ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ูŠูˆุงู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุญุณุงู† ููŠ ุชุตุฑูŠู ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†. ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุทุจูˆุนุŒ ุทุจุนุชู‡ ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุชุญู‚ูŠู‚: ุนุงุตู… ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูƒูŠุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณูŠู†ูŠุŒ ุณู†ุฉ 2005ู…/1426ู‡ู€.

โ€ข ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
โ€ข ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ (ู…ุฎุทูˆุท).

ู…ู† ุฑุณุงุฆู„ู‡ :

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
ููŠ ุชุณู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ุง

ู‚ุงู„ : ู…ู‡ู…ุง ุชุฑูƒุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ุง ูŠุชุตุฑู ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ูŠุดุงุก ุŒ ูŠุฑุฏู‘ู‡ุง – ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ – ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุŒ
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู…ู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆูŠุฃู…ุฑู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู…ุฑูƒ ูˆู†ู‡ูŠูƒ ุŒ ุชุชุตุฑู‘ู ููŠู‡ุง ุจู…ุดูŠุฆุชูƒ ุŒ
ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุŒ ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุง ุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูˆุฃุฑุฏุชู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู…ุฑูƒ ูˆู†ู‡ูŠูƒ
ูŠุฑุฏู‘ูƒ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู‘ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู…ูƒ ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฎุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูƒ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุชูƒ ุญูŠู† ุฃุทู„ู‚ุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุŒ
ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑุฏุชู‡ุง ุตุฑุช ุฃู†ุช ุฎุฏูŠู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุŒ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุง ู„ู‡ุง ุŒ ุชูุนู„ ุจูƒ ู…ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏุช ุŒ ูˆุดุชุงู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒ

ุณุจุจ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุชูƒ ู„ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุญุจู‘ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนุจูŠุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุŒ
ูˆุณุจุจ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุชูƒ ู„ู„ู‡ : ( ูŠุง ุฏู†ูŠุง ! ุงุฎุฏู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎุฏู…ู†ูŠ ุŒ ูˆุฃุชุนุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฎุฏู…ูƒ )

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ

ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุถูŠ ุนู†ู‡ : ุงุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุญุณุฏ
ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุจุบุถ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุบู„ู‘ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุบุถุจ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ู‡ู…ู‘ ุŒ
ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ู†ูƒุฏ ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ : ( ูˆู†ุฒุนู†ุง ู…ุง ููŠ ุตุฏูˆุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ุบู„ู‘ ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑุฑ ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู† ุŒ
ู„ุง ูŠู…ุณู‘ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุตุจ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู…ุฎุฑุฌูŠู† ) ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ : 47 – 48

* ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุจุนู„ูˆู…ู‡

From ghrib.net

Letters

Letters

ุงุฎุชุฑุช ู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ู…ุฎุทูˆุท ูƒุชุงุจ ( ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ )
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุจ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ ุขู…ูŠู† .

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
ููŠ ุชุณู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ุง

ู‚ุงู„ : ู…ู‡ู…ุง ุชุฑูƒุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ุง ูŠุชุตุฑู ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ูŠุดุงุก ุŒ ูŠุฑุฏู‘ู‡ุง – ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ – ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุŒ
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู…ู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆูŠุฃู…ุฑู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู…ุฑูƒ ูˆู†ู‡ูŠูƒ ุŒ ุชุชุตุฑู‘ู ููŠู‡ุง ุจู…ุดูŠุฆุชูƒ ุŒ
ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุŒ ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุง ุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูˆุฃุฑุฏุชู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู…ุฑูƒ ูˆู†ู‡ูŠูƒ
ูŠุฑุฏู‘ูƒ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู‘ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู…ูƒ ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฎุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูƒ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุชูƒ ุญูŠู† ุฃุทู„ู‚ุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุŒ
ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑุฏุชู‡ุง ุตุฑุช ุฃู†ุช ุฎุฏูŠู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุŒ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุง ู„ู‡ุง ุŒ ุชูุนู„ ุจูƒ ู…ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏุช ุŒ ูˆุดุชุงู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒ
ุณุจุจ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุชูƒ ู„ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุญุจู‘ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนุจูŠุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุŒ
ูˆุณุจุจ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุชูƒ ู„ู„ู‡ : ( ูŠุง ุฏู†ูŠุง ! ุงุฎุฏู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎุฏู…ู†ูŠ ุŒ ูˆุฃุชุนุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฎุฏู…ูƒ )

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ
ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุถูŠ ุนู†ู‡ : ุงุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุญุณุฏ
ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุจุบุถ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุบู„ู‘ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุบุถุจ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ู‡ู…ู‘ ุŒ
ูˆู„ุง ุตุงุญุจ ู†ูƒุฏ ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ : ( ูˆู†ุฒุนู†ุง ู…ุง ููŠ ุตุฏูˆุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ุบู„ู‘ ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑุฑ ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู† ุŒ
ู„ุง ูŠู…ุณู‘ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุตุจ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู…ุฎุฑุฌูŠู† ) ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ : 47 – 48

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุถู‘ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆุฏ
ูˆู‚ุงู„ : ุงุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู…ู† ู†ุจูŠู‘ ู…ุฑุณู„ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูˆู„ูŠู‘ ู…ุฑุจู‘ ุฅู„ุง ูˆุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุจู‡
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุงุชุจุนูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุฏู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง .
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆุฏ ุŒ ูˆุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ุง ุจุฏู‘ ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ,
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุดุชู‘ุงู† ู…ู† ูŠุฃุชูŠู‡ุง ุนุงุฑูุง ุทุงุฆุนุง ุŒ ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ู† ูŠุฃุชูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงู‡ู„ุง ุนุงุตูŠุง ุŒ
ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู† ุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ูŠุธูุฑ ุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ .
ู‚ุงู„ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุญูƒู… : ( ูƒูŠู ุชุฎุฑู‚ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆุฏ ูˆุฃู†ุช ู„ู… ุชุฎุฑู‚ ู…ู† ู†ูุณูƒ ุงู„ุนูˆุงุฆุฏ ุŸ )
ูˆุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ู‡ุฑุง ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุŒ
ูˆุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง ูˆุตู ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ู‰ – ุฌู„ู‘ ุซู†ุงุคู‡ – ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุญูƒูŽู…
ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชุณุงุจ ู…ู† ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฅู„ูŠู‡ .

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
ุชุญู‚ู‘ู‚ ุจุฃูˆุตุงููƒ ูŠู…ุฏู‘ูƒ ุจุฃูˆุตุงูู‡
ูˆู‚ุงู„ : ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ูˆูƒูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ
ูˆุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจู‡ ุŒ
ูˆุดุชู‘ุงู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจู‡ .
ู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูƒู… : ( ุชุญู‚ู‘ู‚ ุจุฃูˆุตุงููƒ ูŠู…ุฏู‘ูƒ ุจุฃูˆุตุงูู‡ )

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
ู…ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ูƒ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ุจุดูŠุก ุฅู„ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุจู…ุซู„ู‡
ูˆู‚ุงู„ : ุงุนู„ู… ุฃู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฐู„ุงู‘ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฐู„ุงู‘ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุŒ
ุฃู†ุช ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฎุถูˆุนุง ูˆูู‚ุฑุง ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฎุถูˆุนุง ูˆูู‚ุฑุง ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุŒ
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ุช ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ุจุดูŠุก ุฅู„ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุจู…ุซู„ู‡ .
* ุฑุญู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ูˆ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุจุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุขู…ูŠู† .

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
ุชุญู‚ู‘ู‚ ุจุฃูˆุตุงููƒ ูŠู…ุฏู‘ูƒ ุจุฃูˆุตุงูู‡
ูˆู‚ุงู„ : ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ูˆูƒูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ
ูˆุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจู‡ ุŒ
ูˆุดุชู‘ุงู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจู‡ .
ู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูƒู… : ( ุชุญู‚ู‘ู‚ ุจุฃูˆุตุงููƒ ูŠู…ุฏู‘ูƒ ุจุฃูˆุตุงูู‡ )

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ
ููŠ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŠุฉ
ูˆู‚ุงู„ : ุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† : ู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงุทู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ
ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ุง ุธุงู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ุญุณูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ : ุงู„ุตุญุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุณุฉ ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุงู… ู…ุฌุงู„ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู„ุฃู‡ู„ ูู†ู‡
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุฌุฑู‘ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุŒ ุชุฌุฑู‘ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ : ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุชุฌุฑู‘ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ .
ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅุฐุง ูุงุชุชู‡ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูุงุชุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุŒ
ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชูˆุฌู‘ู‡ ู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูˆู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ูŠุฉ ุญุณูŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ุง ุณุจูŠู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุŒ
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุชูŠู† ู‡ู…ุง ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆ

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู†ุฉ
ู…ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ูƒ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ุจุดูŠุก ุฅู„ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุจู…ุซู„ู‡
ูˆู‚ุงู„ : ุงุนู„ู… ุฃู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฐู„ุงู‘ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฐู„ุงู‘ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุŒ
ุฃู†ุช ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฎุถูˆุนุง ูˆูู‚ุฑุง ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฎุถูˆุนุง ูˆูู‚ุฑุง ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุŒ
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ุช ู…ูˆู„ุงูƒ ุจุดูŠุก ุฅู„ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ุจู…ุซู„ู‡

ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ
ูƒู„ุงู‘ ู†ู…ุฏู‘ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ู† ุนุทุงุก ุฑุจูƒ

ูˆู‚ุงู„ : ( ุฅู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุฑุฒู‚ ุงู„ุนุจุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู‡ู…ู‘ุชู‡ ) ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ
ูˆู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠู…ุฏู‘ ูƒู„ ูุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ ุจู…ุง ุทู„ุจุช ุŒ ูŠู…ุฏู‘ ู…ู† ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุจุงู„ุงุณู…
ูˆูŠู…ุฏู‘ ู…ู† ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุจุงู„ุตูุงุช ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ุฏู‘ ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุŒ ูˆู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุถู…ูŠุฑู‡ ุŒ
ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠู‘ ู…ุงุฏุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู‚ูˆู‘ุชู‡ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุถุนูŠู ู…ุงุฏุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑุถุนูู‡ ุŒ
ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุงุณู… ูŠุทู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุจุงู„ุงุณู… ุŒ ูŠู…ุฏู‘ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุงุณู… ุŒ ูƒุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ุŒ
ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ูŠุทู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุจุงู„ุตูุงุช ูŠู…ุฏู‘ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ุตูุงุช ุŒ ูƒุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ุŒ
ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ูŠุทู„ุจูˆู† ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ูŠู…ุฏู‘ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุŒ ูƒุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ – ู†ูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน .

ูˆุฃู…ุง ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุงุณู… : ูˆุงู‚ู ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุฏุงู… ููŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ูŠู‚ุทุน ุŒ
ูˆุนู„ุงู…ุชู‡ : ุชุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ูˆุชุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฑุฎุงุก .
ูˆุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุตูุงุช : ูˆุงู‚ู ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุดุงุฎุต ุจุจุตุฑู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจุฑุฒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฑู‰ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุง ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุนุจุฃ ุจู‡ุง
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดุงูƒุฑ ู„ุง ูŠู†ู‚ุทุน ุฃุจุฏุง ุŒ
ูˆุนู„ุงู…ุชู‡ : ุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู‘ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ุถู‘ุฑุงุก .
ูˆุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ู„ุง ูŠุดู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุŒ ุบุงุฆุจ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุŒ ู…ุณุชุบุฑู‚ ููŠ ุดู‡ูˆุฏ ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡
ู„ุง ูŠุฎุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ุณูˆู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฑู‰ ุจุนูŠู†ู‡ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณู…ุน ุจุฃุฐู†ูŠู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุŒ ุงุณุชูˆู‰ ุฑุฌุงุคู‡ ูˆุฎูˆูู‡
ูˆุนู„ุงู…ุชู‡ : ุฃู† ุงุณุชูˆุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆุฃุถุฏุงุฏู‡ุง ุŒ ู„ุง ูุฑู‚ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑู‘ ุŒ
ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‘ ูˆุงู„ุญุจูŠุจ ุŒ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุทุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุน ุŒ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุณุงุกุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุญุณุงู† ุŒ
ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู‘ ูˆุงู„ุณูู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ .

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ุฌุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎุทูˆุท: “ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†” ู„ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ (ุช 1194) ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ:

โ€ข ุงู„ุตู…ุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู† ุนู„ู… ูู‡ูˆ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆุฃุดุฑูุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู† ุฌู‡ู„ ูู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆุถุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู…ุช ูˆุฃุญู‚ุฑ. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 17).
โ€ข ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 59).
โ€ข ุฅุฐุง ูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‚ู„ุช ูุงุฆุฏุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒุซุฑุช ูุงุฆุฏุชู‡. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 191).
โ€ข ู…ู† ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ู…ุฌูŠุจุง ุนู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุณุฆู„ ูˆู…ุนุจุฑุง ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุดู‡ุฏุŒ ูˆุฐุงูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูุงุณุชุฏู„ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌู‡ู„ู‡. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 73).
โ€ข ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 42).
โ€ข ู„ุง ูŠุญู„ ู„ุฅู…ุฑู‰ุก ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู„ู… ุญูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 58).
โ€ข ุงู„ุดุงูƒุฑ ู„ุง ูŠู†ู‚ุทุน ุฃุจุฏุงุŒ ูˆุนู„ุงู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ุถุฑุงุก. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 68).
โ€ข ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฏู‚ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ููƒู† ุตุงุฏู‚ุง ู…ุน ุนุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 95).
โ€ข ูƒู„ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ูู„ุณ ุจูู„ุณู‡ ูŠูุนู„ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ู…ู„ููƒ ูˆุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ูู„ุณ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ูู„ุณ ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูุณุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ูู„ุณ. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 155).
โ€ข ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุจุงุดุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ู„ุง ูŠุจุงุดุฑูƒ ุฅู„ุง ุจุงู„ุตุฏู‚ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุจุงุดุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุฐุจ ู„ุง ูŠุจุงุดุฑูƒ ุฅู„ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุฐุจ. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 175).
โ€ข ู…ู† ุชูˆุงุถุน ู„ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุŒ ุชูˆุงุถุน ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ู‡ุฑุงุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุชูƒุจุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุง ุชูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ู‡ุฑุง. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 188).
โ€ข ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุทู„ูˆุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุฒูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ู’ูƒุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฒูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทู„ูˆุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ูƒ. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 205).
โ€ข ู…ู† ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจุŒ ูุงู„ุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจ ูˆุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจ ูˆุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃ. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 259).
โ€ข ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชุชุนุฒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุชุนุฒุฒ ุนู„ูŠูƒุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชุชุฐู„ู„ ู„ู‡ ูŠุชุฐู„ู„ ู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู„ูƒุง ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุง. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 260).
โ€ข ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฃูŠู† ู…ุง ุญูุฑุช ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถุน ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนูŠุฏ. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 262/263).
โ€ข ุงุชุฑูƒ ุตุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฌุฒูŠู† ุฃู…ุซุงู„ูƒ ูˆุงุตุญุจ ู…ู† ู„ุง ูŠุฎูู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ูƒ ูˆุฃูุนุงู„ูƒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุงุชุฑูƒ ู…ู† ูŠุนุฌุฒ ุนู† ุฏูุน ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡. (ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ 307).

From aljounaid.ma

Sayings

Sayings

From shadiliamashishia

ู…ุน ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆ ุขู„ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ

ู‚ุงู„ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ :

ุงุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
ุงู„ูู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูู†ุงุก ูˆ ู„ุง ูู†ุงุกุŒูˆุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ูˆ ู„ุง ุจู‚ุงุกุŒุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูƒุณุจูŠุฉุŒูˆุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ูู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู‚ู‡ุฑูŠุฉุŒูˆุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูƒุณุจูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุจู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ูƒุณุจูŠุฉ ู‚ู‡ุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู‚ู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ูƒุณุจูŠุฉ.

ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ :ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุท.
ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุงุฉ ุจุงู„ูู†ุงุก:ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุน ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุท.
ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒู†ุงุฉ ุจุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก:ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุท. ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒู†ุงุฉ
ุจุจู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก:ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุจูˆุณุงุฆุท ู…ุน ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุทุŒ ูˆ ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุจูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุท ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุท.

ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุจู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชู„ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆุฎููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ูŠู‚ูŠู†…

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃูŠุถุง ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡:
ุณุจุญุงู† ู…ู† ู‡ูŠุฃ ุฃู‚ูˆุงู…ุง ู„ุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ ูˆุฃู‚ุงู…ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง, ูˆู‡ูŠุฃ ุฃู‚ูˆุงู…ุง ู„ู…ุญุจุชู‡ ูˆุฃู‚ุงู…ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง , ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุชุฌู„ู‰ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ ุจุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฉ ูุตุงุฑูˆุง ู…ุณุชูˆุญุดูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู‚ู„ูˆุจู‡ู… ุดุงุฎุตุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฑุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุญู„ุช ุฃุฌุณุงุฏู‡ู… ูˆุฃุตูุฑุช ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ู‡ู… ูˆุฎู…ุตุช ุจุทูˆู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุดูˆู‚ ุฐุงุจุช ุฃูƒุจุงุฏู‡ู… ูˆู‚ุทุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฌูŠ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุงุก ูˆุงู„ู†ุญูŠุจุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุจุฏู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฑุบุจูˆุง ููŠ ุฌู†ุฉ ุนุฑุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู…ูˆุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฃุนุฏุช ู„ู„ู…ุชู‚ูŠู† ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉุŒ ุชุฌู„ู‰ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ ุจุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉ ูˆุณูƒุฑูˆุง ุจุฎู…ุฑ ู„ุฐูŠุฐ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจุฉุŒ ุดุบู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนุจูˆุฏ ุนู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู‡ุงุฏุŒ ุงุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุทู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูุญุฌุจูˆุง ุนู† ูƒู„ ุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุจุงุทู† ุฒู‡ุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ุนู… ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุนุงู… ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู… ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ูŠู„ ููŠ ุญู‚ู‡ู… :

(ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡)
ู†ุณูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ู‡ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุฏุงู…ู‰**** ูุฃุณูƒุฑู‡ู… ูˆู…ุง ุดุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฏุงู…ุง
ูˆู…ุงู„ุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุนู†ุงู‚ ู…ูŠู„ุง **** ู„ุฃู† ู‚ู„ูˆุจู‡ู… ู…ู„ุฃุช ุบุฑุงู…ุง
ูˆ ู†ุงุฏุงู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฏูŠ ู„ุง ุชู†ุงู…ูˆุง **** ูŠู†ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฌุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู…ุง
ูŠู†ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ู…ู† ุณู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠ **** ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฏุงู… ู…ู† ู„ุฒู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ุง
ูˆู…ุง ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏู‡ู… ุฌู†ุงุช ุนุฏู† **** ูˆู„ุงุงู„ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุณุงู† ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู…ุง
ุณูˆู‰ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ูุฐุง ู…ู†ุงู‡ู… **** ููŠุง ุจุดุฑู‰ ู„ู‡ู… ู‚ูˆู…ุง ูƒุฑุงู…ุง

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุญูƒู…ู‡:

โ€ข ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„.
โ€ข ุฅุฐุง ูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‚ู„ุช ูุงุฆุฏุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒุซุฑุช ูุงุฆุฏุชู‡.
โ€ข ู…ู† ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ู…ุฌูŠุจุง ุนู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุณุฆู„ ูˆู…ุนุจุฑุง ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุดู‡ุฏุŒ ูˆุฐุงูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูุงุณุชุฏู„ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌู‡ู„ู‡.
โ€ข ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚.
โ€ข ู„ุง ูŠุญู„ ู„ุฅู…ุฑู‰ุก ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู„ู… ุญูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡.
โ€ข ุงู„ุดุงูƒุฑ ู„ุง ูŠู†ู‚ุทุน ุฃุจุฏุงุŒ ูˆุนู„ุงู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ุถุฑุงุก.
โ€ข ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฏู‚ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ููƒู† ุตุงุฏู‚ุง ู…ุน ุนุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡.
โ€ข ูƒู„ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ูู„ุณ ุจูู„ุณู‡ ูŠูุนู„ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ู…ู„ููƒ ูˆุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ูู„ุณ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ูู„ุณ ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูุณุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ูู„ุณ.
โ€ข ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุจุงุดุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ู„ุง ูŠุจุงุดุฑูƒ ุฅู„ุง ุจุงู„ุตุฏู‚ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุจุงุดุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุฐุจ ู„ุง ูŠุจุงุดุฑูƒ ุฅู„ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุฐุจ.
โ€ข ู…ู† ุชูˆุงุถุน ู„ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุŒ ุชูˆุงุถุน ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ู‡ุฑุงุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุชูƒุจุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุง ุชูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ู‡ุฑุง.
โ€ข ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุทู„ูˆุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุฒูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ู’ูƒุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฒูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทู„ูˆุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูู„ูƒ.
โ€ข ู…ู† ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจุŒ ูุงู„ุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจ ูˆุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุงุจ ูˆุชุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃ.
โ€ข ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชุชุนุฒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุชุนุฒุฒ ุนู„ูŠูƒุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชุชุฐู„ู„ ู„ู‡ ูŠุชุฐู„ู„ ู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู„ูƒุง ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุง.
โ€ข ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฃูŠู† ู…ุง ุญูุฑุช ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถุน ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนูŠุฏ.
โ€ข ุงุชุฑูƒ ุตุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฌุฒูŠู† ุฃู…ุซุงู„ูƒ ูˆุงุตุญุจ ู…ู† ู„ุง ูŠุฎูู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ูƒ ูˆุฃูุนุงู„ูƒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุงุชุฑูƒ ู…ู† ูŠุนุฌุฒ ุนู† ุฏูุน ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡.

Maqam

Ziyara April 29 , 2018, with Sayyiduna Sh. Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
Photo: Umm Idriss


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Sayyidi Shaykh Abd al-‘Aziz al-Dabbagh al-Hasani

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฏุจุงุบ
b 1095 – d. 1131 H. (1718 CE) in Fas

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

Mawlana `Abd al-`Aziz al-Dabbagh (d. 1131 H. / 1718 CE)
From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya

He is the perfect Friend of Allah, the succour of superabounding concern, the dazzling Sufi, and the radiant star of gnosis. He is the one endowed with lofty inspirations, resplendent expressions, pure realities, Muhammadan effulgences, lordly secrets and Throne-inspired aspirations. He is the tracer of the signposts of the path after their footprints had become hidden, and the discloser of the signposts of ultimate realities after their lights had become extinguished. He is the noble descendant from the Prophetic lineage boasting laudable ancestral feats, the highborn notable, regaled with two pure lineages, a physical and a spiritual one, two agreeable progenies, in both the visible and the invisible worlds, and two noble friendships with Allah, in the realm of bodies and in the realm of souls and spirits. He is Muhammadi, ‘Alawi, and Hasani. He is the qutb of wayfarers, the carrier of the banner of gnostics, our guide, liege and master Sayyidi `Abd al-‘Aziz, son of our liege and master Mas’ud al-Dabbagh, son of our liege and master Ahmad, son of our liege and master Muhammad, son of our liege and master Muhammad, son of Mawlay Ahmad b. ‘Abd al-Rahman, son of Qasim b. Ahmad b. Muhammad, son of our liege and master Qasim b. Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-Rahim b. `Abd al-‘Aziz b. Harun b. Funun b. `Alush b. Mandil b. `Abd al-Rahman b. Isa b. Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isa b. Mawlay Idris al-Azhar b. Mawlay Idris I b. ‘Abdullah al-Kamil b. al-Hasan II, son of our master al-Hasan the Grandson, son of our liege and master ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with all of them. [1]

He โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” was born in Fez. Prior to his birth, Sayyidi Mawlay al-‘Arabi al-Fishtali had bequeathed a trust to his parents, saying to them, ”Abd al-‘Aziz will grow under your care, so give him this trust’, which consisted in a woollen skullcap and a pair of shoes. They thus guarded these items until his noble mother fell pregnant with him. After his mother conceived him and he was born, he grew up under their custody until he attained the age of discretion [sinn al-rushd]. He began fasting from that year, after which Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, inspired his mother to hand him the trust which Mawlay al-Arabi had bequeathed unto him.

He โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” narrated the episode thus: ‘I took possession of the trust, so I wore the skullcap and the shoes. As a result, an intense heat seized me, until I shed tears, and I realized what Sayyidi al-Arabi was hinting at, coming to understand his allusion, praise to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. Since I wore them, a spiritual illumination was granted to me, and Allah cast into my heart expectant longing for sincere slavehood. I then began an irrepressible quest for that slavehood. I heard about none whom people took as a guide but that I went to him and followed his guidance. Eventually, an illumination was perfected for me at the hands of our master al-Khidr who instructed me in the recitation of a regular litany [ wird] by the consecrated lotus tree in the mausoleum of the pious Friend of Allah, ‘Ali b. Hirzihim. I completed what he instructed me to do in three days, whereupon I gathered with the Master of Mankind, on him be the choicest prayers of blessings and peace. After that, I began to see him both awake and during sleep. Prior to this, I kept the company of Sidi ‘Abdullah al-Barnawi, may Allah sanctify his secret. He said to me after my spiritual opening: ‘O ‘Abd al-Aziz, before this day I would fear for you, but today, seeing that Allah has gathered you with His Mercy, may He be Exalted, and with the Master of Existence It, my heart feels safe and my mind is set at rest. I thus entrust you to Allah’s care, Mighty and Majestic is He. Go then to your country and leave me.’

He โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” said: ‘Among the guides I met was Sidi Muhammad al-Lahwaj, by his locality near Tetouan, Sidi ‘Abdullah al-Bannawi, Sidi Mansur, and Sidi ‘Umar, the caretaker of the orchard. I have inherited the secrets of all of them, praise be to Allah.
Sidi al-Dabbagh โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” gathered a second time with a group of Allah’s Friends. Among them was Sidi Ahmad b. ‘Abdullah, who was a member of the circle of saints and the assembly [diwan]. By virtue of keeping his company, Allah Most High made Sidi al-Dabbagh become acquainted with the secrets of the Qur’an, so much so that he unlocked its intricacies and fathomed the mysteries of its verses. He also spoke about matters of the unseen, witnessed secrets of the realm of souls and spirits [al-malakut], while its spirit roamed about the arena of the realm of His Names and Attributes [al-jabarut].

One of his saintly miracles โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” was the impact that his words would have on the hearts of people. One day, a jurist came to him and said, ‘Sayyidi, supplicate Allah on my behalf to remove misgivings [wasawis] from my heart.’ Sidi al-Dabbagh โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” replied, ‘A misgiving only occurs when one is ignorant of the path. If one, in fact, were to set out for a given city while being unaware of the road leading to it, conflicting thoughts would vie for his attention. One thought would tell him “here is the road”, so he would proceed along it, while another one would push him towards another direction. Because of this, he would be confused and unable to decide where to go. As for the one who knows the road, he is at ease, and his heart is safe from that evil. The path of this world and the Next is Allah, may He be Exalted. Whoever knows that will earn the good of both this world and the Next, and Allah will gift him a pleasant life. As for the one who does not know thus, his state will be the opposite of the former.’ The jurist then said, ‘When I heard this speech, Allah had mercy on me. When, in fact, a person’s thought is directed at having his wish fulfilled from other than Him, Exalted is He, a puller from other than Him will pull him and revert him to Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He.’

His saintly miracles โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” are innumerable. He is in fact the overflowing sea, the scintillating secret, the talismanic treasure, the unique succour, and the luminary. Indeed, his disciple has made exhaustive mention of his saintly miracles in the Ibriz. The reader who wishes to know more can take a look at it, whereupon he will earn the Mighty King’s solicitude.
He โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” would say to his disciple Sayyidi Ibn al-Mubarak, ‘O son of al-Mubarak, if Ibrahim al-Dusuqi had lived from his age until our day and age, he would not catch up with your master ‘Abdu’l-Aziz from the morning till now.’

Even though Allah’s Friends have a lofty rank, they are still above what we might comprehend, especially since this knowledge of theirs is not encompassed by thinking and it does not befit the intellect to conceptualize it. Rather, this knowledge of theirs lies beyond the intellect. It has, in fact, been established by the scholars of this discipline that there are stages beyond the intellect, stages beneath which sciences and secrets โ€” being the sciences of the elite โ€” are folded. That being so, it is incumbent on us to surrender their knowledge to them. They have said: ‘Surrender is sanctity (wilaya)’ , meaning by this the lesser sanctity. In the same vein is the poet’s statement:

If you can’t see the crescent, submit
To people who with their eyes have sighted it.

The like of this statement subtracts no worth from the knower of Allah, Sayyidi Ibrahim ad-Dusuqi. The sciences of the like of these people are obscure to us, and which we are unable to fathom. Also, they sometimes speak with the tongue of their spiritual state. Every Friend of Allah has his own peculiar ecstatic utterances and contemplations. You only need to look at the books of the Sufis, our masters, and you will find them replete with these kind of utterances. May Allah benefit us by them and gift us surrender to their deeds and sayings, amin.

The death of our master (Abd al-‘Aziz al-Dabbagh โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” took place in AH 1131, when he was thirty six years old.

He โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” was unlettered: unable to read or write. Whoever wishes to know about his noble spiritual state, the peculiarities of his secret and his immense station, should read the Ibriz: His aforesaid student gathered his virtues and superior merits in it, though in truth it is merely a drop from the vast sea of his meritorious qualities.

The mausoleum of our master (Abd al-‘Aziz in the city of Fez, is among the most tremendous and esteemed mausoleums. His shrine in Morocco is like the shrine of the greatest mausoleum in Egypt: people travel thereto from the farthest regions, and Allah’s slaves crowd around it, hoping to reap abundant good there. Lights shine upon his mausoleum. He pays heed to his visitors and supports them with spiritual breezes.
O Allah, gather us among his party, and cause us to die with love for him and love for his followers, amin.

Footnotes:
[1] For his biography, see al-A’lam (4/28), Nashr al-Mathani li Ahl al-Qarn al-Hadi ‘Ashar wa al-Thani by Muhammad b. al-Tayyib Qadiri (2/118), Maktutat Rabat (2/217) and Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din al-Tu`mi (p. 157).

From: Kuhin, Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

ุนุฑุจูŠ


From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [44] online
[44] ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฏุจุงุบ([1])
(1095- 1131)

ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุญุงูู„ุŒ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠู‘ู ุงู„ุจุงู‡ุฑุŒ ู†ุฌู… ุงู„ุนุฑูุงู† ุงู„ุฒุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ู…ู… ุงู„ุนุฑุดูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู†ุดุฆ ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฎูุงุก ุขุซุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุจุนุฏ ุฎุจูˆ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุญุณูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุจุŒ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุชูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู‡ุฑุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑูˆุญูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุทูŠุจุชูŠู† ุงู„ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูˆุชูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุญุงู…ู„ ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ูˆุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ุณุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฏุจุงุบ ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุจู† ู‚ุงุณู… ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู‚ุงุณู… ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ุนู…ุฑ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุจู† ู‡ุงุฑูˆู† ุจู† ูู†ูˆู† ุจู† ุนู„ูˆุด ุจู† ู…ู†ุฏูŠู„ ุงุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุจู† ุนูŠุณู‰ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนูŠุณู‰ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ู…ุซู†ู‰ ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุณุจุท ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู†.

ูˆู„ุฏ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุจูุงุณุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุจู„ ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ ุฃูˆุตู‰ ู„ุฃุจูˆูŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ูุดุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฃู…ุงู†ุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ู…ุง: ุณูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุŒ ูุฃุนุทูˆู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุดุงุดูŠุฉูŒ ูˆุณุจุงุทูŒุŒ ูุญูุธูˆู‡ู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุญู…ู„ุชู’ ุจู‡ ุฃู…ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุฉุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุญู…ู„ุช ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูˆุถุนุชู‡ุŒ ุชุฑุจู‰ ููŠ ุญุฌุฑูŠู‡ู…ุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุจู„ุบ ุณู† ุงู„ุฑุดุฏุŒ ูˆุตุงู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฃู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฃู…ู‡ุŒ ูุฃุนุทุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃูˆุตู‰ ุจู‡ุง ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡: ูุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฌุนู„ุช ุงู„ุดุงุดูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฃุณูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุงุท ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ูŠุŒ ูุญุตู„ุช ู„ูŠ ุณุฎุงู†ุฉูŒ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุฏู…ุนุช ุนูŠู†ุงูŠุŒ ูˆุนุฑูุชู ู…ุง ุฃุดุงุฑ ุจู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŒ ูˆูู‡ู…ุชู ุฅุดุงุฑุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูˆู‚ุน ู„ูŠ ุงู„ูุชุญ ู…ู†ุฐ ู„ุจุณุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุงู„ุชุดูˆู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉุŒ ูุฌุนู„ุช ุฃุจุญุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุซุŒ ูู…ุง ุณู…ุนุช ุจุฃุญุฏ ูŠุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุดูŠุฎุชู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชู… ุงู„ูุชุญ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุถุฑ โ€”ุŒ ูˆู„ู‚ู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑุฑุฉ ุจุถุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุญุฑุฒู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุนุช ู…ุง ุฃู…ุฑู†ูŠ ุจู‡ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงุฌุชู…ุนุช ุจุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู…ุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุตุฑุช ุฃุฑุงู‡ ูŠู‚ุธุฉ ู„ุง ู…ู†ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูƒู†ุช ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูู„ุงุฒู… ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุชุญ: ูŠุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฎุงู ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุญูŠุซ ุฌู…ุนูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุฑุญู…ุชู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุฃู…ู† ู‚ู„ุจูŠุŒ ูˆุงุทู…ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุฎุงุทุฑูŠุŒ ูุฃุณุชูˆุฏุนูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒู‘ูŽ ูˆุฌู„ู‘ูŽุŒ ูุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏู‡ ูˆุชุฑูƒู†ูŠ.

ู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡: ูˆู…ู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠุฎุŒ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุฌ ูˆุจู„ุงุฏู‡ ุจู‚ุฑุจ ุชุทุงูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุจู†ุงูˆูŠุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู…ุฑ ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฑูˆุถุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูˆุฑุซุชู ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡.
ู‚ู„ุช: ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุฌุชู…ุน ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนู‹ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุน ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ู…: ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆุจุณุจุจ ุตุญุจุชู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุชู‡ุŒ ูˆููƒ ุทู„ุงุณู… ุขูŠุงุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ุทู‚ ุจุงู„ู…ุบูŠุจุงุชุŒ ูˆุดุงู‡ุฏ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูˆุชุŒ ูˆุฌุงู„ุช ุฑูˆุญู‡ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูˆุช([2])ุŒ ูˆุธู‡ุฑุช ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆู†ุทู‚ ุจุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุชุŒ ูˆุฏุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ูˆู†ุฒู„ุช ุจุณุงุญุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช.

ูˆู…ู† ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุกู‡ ูู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ุฐุงุช ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ุงุฏุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ูˆุณุงูˆุณ ู…ู† ู‚ู„ุจูŠ. ูู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡: ุงู„ูˆุณูˆุงุณ([3]) ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู„ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ู„ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูู…ู† ู‚ุตุฏ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฌุงู‡ู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ุงุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุทุฑ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุฎุงุทุฑู‡: ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ููŠุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุซู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ ุขุฎุฑ: ุจู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ููŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญูŠุฑุงู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฏุฑูŠ ุฃูŠู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูŠุณูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ุจู‡ ุณุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูู…ู† ุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุจุญ ุฎูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุทูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฌู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถุฏ. ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡: ูู„ู…ุง ุณู…ุนุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฑุญู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุŒ ูุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุชูˆุฌู‡ ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุจู‡ ุฌุงุฐุจ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุฏู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„.

ูˆูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ู„ุง ุชู†ุญุตุฑุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฒุงุฎุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ุจุงู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒู†ุฒ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุณู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู….

ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุทุงู„ ููŠ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‡ ููŠ ยซุงู„ุฅุจุฑูŠุฒยป ูุฑุงุฌุนู‡ ุชูุฒ ุจุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงุจู† ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ: ูŠุง ุงุจู† ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุŒ ู„ูˆ ุนุงุด ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุณูˆู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุง ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุตุงุญุจูƒ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุจุงุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†.

ุฃู‚ูˆู„: ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู… ูˆุฅู† ุนู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุชุจู‡ู… ูู‡ู… ููˆู‚ ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ุณูŠู…ุง ูˆุนู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุญุงุท ุจุงู„ููƒุฑุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู‚ุชุถูŠ ู„ู„ุนู‚ู„ ุชุตูˆุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุนู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ุ› ุฅุฐ ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ูˆุฑุงุกู‡ ุฃุทูˆุงุฑูŒุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุทูˆุงุฑ ุชู†ุทูˆูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูˆู…ูŒ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุŒ ููŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู…ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง: ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู… ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุนู†ูŠ ุจู‡ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆูƒู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู„:

ูˆุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชูŽุฑูŽ ุงู„ู‡ู„ุงู„ูŽ ูุณู„ู‘ูู…ู’ * ู„ุฃู†ุงุณู ุฑุฃูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุจุตุงุฑ

ูˆู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ู„ุง ุชุญุท ู‚ุฏุฑู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุณูˆู‚ูŠุŒ ูุฅู† ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุจู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุจู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู…ู† ูˆู„ูŠู‘ู ุฅู„ุง ูˆู„ู‡ ุดุทุญุงุช ูˆู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุงุชุŒ ุงู†ุธุฑ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ ุณุงุฏุงุชู†ุง ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ู…ุดุญูˆู†ุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ุŒ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฑุฒู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู… ู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ู‡ู… ูˆุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ู…. ุขู…ูŠู†.

ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ูˆูุงุฉ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฏุจุงุบ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุณู†ุฉ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆุฃู„ูุŒ ุนู† ุณุชุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุนุงู…ู‹ุง.

ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุฃู…ูŠู‘ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ูˆู„ุง ูŠูƒุชุจุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑูŠู ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฎุตุงุฆุต ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ุŒ ูู„ูŠุทุงู„ุน ยซุงู„ุฅุจุฑูŠุฒยป ูู‚ุฏ ุฌู…ุน ููŠู‡ ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ ูˆูุถุงุฆู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฅู„ุง ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุจุญุฑ ูุถุงุฆู„ู‡.

ูˆุถุฑูŠุญ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุจุญุถุฑุฉ ูุงุณ ู…ู† ุฃุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุถุฑุญุฉ ูˆุฃุฌู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูƒู…ู‚ุงู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุถุฑูŠุญ ุจู…ุตุฑุŒ ุชุดุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญุงู„ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ูˆุชุชุฒุงุญู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุฌูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ุชู„ูˆุญ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุงุนูŠ ุฒุงุฆุฑูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ุฏู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ูุญุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงุญุดุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุญุฒุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู‡ ูˆุญุจ ุฃุชุจุงุนู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.


([1]) ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุจู† ู…ุณุนูˆุฏุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ููˆุงุฑุณุŒ ุงู„ุฏุจุงุบ: ู…ุชุตูˆู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฑุงู ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠูŠู†. ู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ุณู†ุฉ 1095 ู‡ู€ ุจูุงุณุŒ ูˆูˆูุงุชู‡ ุจู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุณู†ุฉ 1132 ู‡ู€ ูƒุงู† ุฃู…ูŠู‘ู‹ุง ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ูˆู„ุง ูŠูƒุชุจ. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (4/28)].
([2]) ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูˆุช: ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบู„ุจุฉ. (ุตูŠุบุฉ ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ).
([3]) ุงู„ูˆุณูˆุงุณ: ุงู„ูˆุณูˆุณุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู†ูุณ (ุฌ) ูˆุณุงูˆุณ. ูˆุงู„ูˆุณูˆุงุณ: ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู†.

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Moroccans of Noble Descent: The Dabbaghs of Fez
By El Hassane Debbarh
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Bio: Sh. Abul Mawahib al-Shadhili

Sayyidi Shaykh Abul Mawahib al-Shadhili

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ
d. 881? H. (after 850) in Cairo

๏ทฝ

A Shadhili Shaykh of the Wafa’i lineage.
 

English

Abลซ l-Mawฤhib al-Shฤdhilฤซ
From Brill Encyclopedia

Abลซ l-Mawฤhib al-Shฤdhilฤซ, Muแธฅammad b. Zaghdฤn (820โ€“82/1417โ€“77), was an Egyptian author and แนขลซfฤซ. Born in Tunis, he studied the Malikฤซ school of Islamic law and Islamic sciences at Jฤmiสฟ al-Zaytลซna, the celebrated mosque-university in Tunis. At the age of twenty-two, he settled in Cairo in the vicinity of al-Azhar, where he studied แธฅadฤซth with Ibn แธคajar al-สฟAsqalฤnฤซ (773โ€“852/1372โ€“1449) and adopted แนขลซfism as a shaykh of the Wafฤสพฤซ lineage, which is the Cairene branch of the Shฤdhiliyya order (แนญarฤซqa). This แนญarฤซqa has as eponymous master the Moroccan Abลซ l-แธคasan al-Shฤdhilฤซ โ€ฆ


Mawlana Abu’l-Mawahib al-Shadhili (d. 881/1476)

From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

He is the shaykh of two groups, the springhead of two secrets, and the qutb attached to the Divine Essence. He is the possessor of spiritual allusions and glad tidings, our master Abu Hamid, our liege Abu ‘Abdullah Muhammad Abu’l-Mawahib al-Tunusi al-Wafa’i, may his lofty secret be sanctified [1].

He was โ€” may Allah Most High have mercy on him โ€” from the graceful, illustrious members of the spiritually elite, and of the active doers of good among scholars deeply rooted in knowledge. He was โ€” may Allah show mercy to him โ€” gifted the expressiveness of our master ‘Ali Abu’l-Wafa’, who penned divinely inspired lyrical verses [muwashshahat] and books, which were of striking quality. Among his exquisite writings is al-Qanun on the sciences of the spiritual path, the full title of which is Qawanin Hikam al-Ishraq fi Qawa’id ‘ala al-Itlaq [2]. It is a unique work of its kind, and attests to the author’s perfected spiritual experience [dhawq]. He also penned a commentary on Al-Hikam al-ยดAta’iyya, wherein he unlocked recondite aspects of its hidden treasures, and an anthology of poetry based on the figurative language of the Sufis.

He โ€” may Allah have mercy on him โ€” lived near the Azhar Mosque. He would hold a solitary retreat by the minaret of its roof, which had been built for him by Sultan al-Ghuri. A state of intoxication would be prevalent in him, whereupon he would come down from his retreat, sauntering and leaning on a side of the Azhar Mosque.

His poems and sayings were sung during mawlids, gatherings and in mosques in the presence of scholars and pious people, who would sway from the sheer delight of their sweetness.

He โ€” may Allah show mercy to him โ€” often dreamt of the Messenger of Allah ๏ทบ . He said: ‘The Messenger of Allah ๏ทบ donned me in the mantle of Sufism.’ He also said: ‘I saw the Messenger of Allah ๏ทบ in a dream, and he said to me: “Say when retiring to sleep,

‘I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Shaytan’
ุฃุนุฐูˆ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌูŠู…
five times;

‘In the Name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Most Merciful’
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
five times;

‘O Allah, by the right of Muhammad, show me the face of Muhammad now and in the Hereafter.’
ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ูู…ู‘ูŽ ุจูุญูŽู‚ู‘ู ู…ูุญูŽู…ูŽู‘ุฏู ุฃุฑูŽู†ููŠ ูˆูŽุฌู’ู‡ูŽ ู…ูุญูŽู…ูŽู‘ุฏู ุฎูŽุงู„ุงู‹ ูˆูŽู…ุขู„ุงู‹

If you say that when you go to sleep, I will come to you, without staying away from you in the least.” What a fine method this is, bearing a splendid meaning for the one who confirms its truthfulness.’

This formula is one of the most potent supplications for seeing the Prophet A in a dream, yet among the lightest on the tongue, as it does not take long [to make]. Many people, including myself, have put it to the test. I have passed it on to some of my brothers in God โ€” may Allah multiply their number and increase them in their spiritual sustentation โ€” who have tried it according to the said manner and beheld the Prophet ๏ทบ.

Personally, I added the requirement of being in a state of minor ritual purity [wudu’], and reciting it on the night of Jumu`a (i.e. on Thursday night.) This is because of the virtues transmitted about [this night]. I beheld him ๏ทบ in the last third of Ramadan, and by God, I saw him put the full moon to shame in beauty. He was wearing a silk dress and lying down on his back. His hair was loose and his middle incisors shone brightly, enveloped by such a powerful light that it almost blinded one. When I saw him, I was engaged in reciting my daily litany [wird], whereupon he summoned me, saying: `Draw close to me.’ When I did, he gave me glad tidings. {That is Allah’s favour which He confers on whoever He wills. Allah is endowed with the immense favour’} [Sura al-Hadid: 21]. O Allah, delight us and our brothers by gazing at Your Face and at his noble face ๏ทบ, and perpetuate for us our contemplation thereof, 0 Most Merciful, 0 Compassionate.

Sayyidi Abu’l-Mawahib said: ‘I saw the Messenger of Allah who said: `You will intercede on behalf of one hundred thousand people.’ I asked, ‘What makes me deserve it, 0 Messenger of Allah’, so he replied: ‘Because you have gifted me the reward of your prayers on me.’

He would say: ‘One day I rushed through my sending of blessings on him ๏ทบ which numbered one thousand, in order to complete my regular daily litany [wird], so he ๏ทบ said to me: ‘Do you not know that haste is from the Shaytan?’ He followed that up by saying: ‘Say, “O Allah, send blessings upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad” in a slow and measured rhythm.’

He would also say: ‘I saw the Messenger of Allah ๏ทบ and he said to me: “Your guide Abu Sa’id al-Safuri sends the complete salutation of blessings upon me, and makes abundant recitation of it. Tell him then that when he seals his sending of blessings, he should [also] praise Allah, Mighty and Majestic.’ The “complete salutation of blessings” referred to here is the prayer on the Prophet during the last tashahhud of the prayer. It has virtues, prerogatives and secrets, and has had numerous ahadith come done concerning it through continuous multiple transmissions. We have mentioned the specifities of this prayer and what pertains to its merits in our book Tuhfat al-Salawat, whose complete title is Mi’raj al-Wusul ila Nafahat al-Rasul ๏ทบ. If you so wish, you could take a look at it and find what is going to delight you, Allah willing.

Sayyidi Abu’l-Mawahib passed away sometime after AH 850, and was buried by the graveyards of the Shadhili masters in the great Qarafa Cemetery [in Cairo], inside a shrine made especially for him and surmounted by a large dome. Every year, a celebration is held in his honour, attended by members of the Shadhili Order, who bring its nights alive by remembrance of Allah and the recitation of the Qur’an. O Allah, nourish us through his spiritual sustentation, amin.

Footnotes:
[1] He is known as Ibn Zaghdan. See his translation in Isma’il Basha al-Baghdadi’s Hadiyyat sl-‘Arifin (6/209) and Idah al-Maknun (4/244), where it is mentioned that he died in All 881.
[2] In Idah al-Maknun Isma`il Basha al-Baghdadi gives its title as Qawanin Hikam al-‘Ishraq ila Kaffat al-Sufiyya fi Jami’ al-‘Afaq.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Imam al-Sha’rani: Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (PDF) – View | Download
2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya: View book | Download | Chapter [36] (see below)
[36] ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ([1])
(…- ุจุนุฏ 850)

ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุจุน ุงู„ุณุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุจุดุงุฑุงุชุŒ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุญุงู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุชูˆู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฆูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ.

ูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุธุฑูุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฌู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุงุณุฎูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุจุฑุงุฑุŒ ุฃูุนุทูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ูˆูุงุกุŒ ูˆุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุดุญุงุช ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู„ู ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ูุงุฆู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุฏู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู…ุญุงุณู† ุชุขู„ูŠูู‡ุŒ ูˆูุถุงุฆู„ ุชุตุงู†ูŠูู‡ ูƒุชุงุจ ยซุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ยป ููŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ ยซู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฅุดุฑุงู‚ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ยปุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจ ุจุฏูŠุน ู„ู… ูŠุคู„ู ู…ุซู„ู‡ุŒ ูŠุดู‡ุฏ ู„ุตุงุญุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุฐูˆู‚ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุดุฑุญ ุนู„ู‰ ยซุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉยปุŒ ุฃุญู„ู‘ูŽ ุบุงู…ุถุงุช ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎููŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุงูˆูŠู† ุดุนุฑ ู…ู†ุธูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู….

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ูŠู…ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ูˆุฉูŒ ููŠ ุณุทุญู‡ ู…ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ุงู„ุบูˆุฑูŠ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุบู„ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณูƒุฑู ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ููŠู†ุฒู„ ูŠุชู…ุดู‰ุŒ ูˆูŠุชู…ุงูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุดุนุฑู‡ ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ูŠูู†ุดุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู„ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุกูˆุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ููŠุชู…ุงูŠู„ูˆู† ุทุฑุจู‹ุง ู…ู† ุญู„ุงูˆุชู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฆูŠ ู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…. ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡: ุฃู„ุจุณู†ูŠ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุฎุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู.

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡: ุฑุฃูŠุชู ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู…ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…: ุฃุนูˆุฐ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌูŠู… ุฎู…ุณู‹ุงุŒ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฎู…ุณู‹ุงุŒ ุซู… ู‚ู„: ุงู„ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุญู‚ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุฑู†ูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุญุงู„ู‹ุง ูˆู…ุขู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูุฅู†ูŠ ุขุชูŠ ุฅู„ูŠูƒุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุชุฎู„ู ุนู†ูƒ ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุซู… ู‚ุงู„: ูˆู…ุง ุฃุญุณู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฑู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ู…ู† ุขู…ู† ุจู‡.

ุฃู‚ูˆู„: ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุนุธู… ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุงุช ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎูู‡ุงุ› ุฅุฐ ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุบุฑุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌุฑุจู‡ุง ุฃู†ุงุณูŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ูˆุฌุฑุจุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑุช ุจู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฏู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฒุงุฏ ู…ุฏุฏู‡ู…ุŒ ูุงุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉุŒ ูุฑุฃูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฒุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุถูˆุกุŒ ูˆูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงูˆุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉุ› ู„ู…ุง ูˆุฑุฏ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู„ุŒ ูุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ูŠูุฎุฌู„ู ุงู„ุจุฏุฑูŽ ููŠ ุญุณู†ู‡ุŒ ู„ุงุจุณู‹ุง ุซูˆุจู‹ุง ู…ู† ุญุฑูŠุฑุŒ ู…ูุณุชู„ู‚ูŠู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุธู‡ุฑู‡ุŒ ู…ุณุชุฑุณู„ูŽ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุŒ ุจุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุซู†ุงูŠุงุŒ ู„ู‡ ู†ูˆุฑูŒ ุนุธูŠู… ูŠูƒุงุฏ ูŠุฎุทูŽูู ุจุงู„ุฃุจุตุงุฑุŒ ูˆูƒู†ุชู ู…ุดุชุบู„ู‹ุง ุจู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆุฑุฏูŠุŒ ูู†ุงุฏุงู†ูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…: ุงุฏู†ู ู…ู†ูŠ. ูุฏู†ูˆุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ูุจุดู‘ูŽุฑู†ูŠ ุจุจุดุงุฑุงุช ุญุณู†ุฉ. ๏ดฟุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽ ููŽุถู’ู„ู ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ูŠูุคู’ุชููŠู‡ู ู…ูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽุดูŽุงุกู ูˆูŽุงู„ู„ู‡ู ุฐููˆ ุงู„ููŽุถู’ู„ู ุงู„ุนูŽุธููŠู…ู๏ดพ [ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ: 21]ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนู†ุง ูˆุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ูƒ ูˆูˆุฌู‡ูู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุฏู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ูุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ ูŠุง ุฑุญู…ู† ูŠุง ุฑุญูŠู….

ู‚ุงู„ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฃู†ุช ุชุดูุน ู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุฃู„ู. ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ุจู… ุงุณุชูˆุฌุจุช ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ุจุฅุนุทุงุฆูƒ ู„ูŠ ุซูˆุงุจูŽ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุงุณุชุนุฌู„ุชู ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุตู„ุงุชูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุ› ู„ุฃููƒู…ู„ ูˆุฑุฏูŠุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃู„ูู‹ุงุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…: ุฃู…ุง ุนู„ู…ุช ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู†ุŒ ุซู… ู‚ุงู„: ู‚ู„: ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏุŒ ุจุชู…ู‡ู‘ูู„ู ูˆุชุฑุชูŠู„ู.

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ุฑุฃูŠุชู ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฅู† ุดูŠุฎูŽูƒ ุฃุจุง ุณุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตููˆุฑูŠ ูŠุตู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠูŽู‘ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู…ุฉุŒ ูˆูŠูƒุซุฑู ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูู‚ู„ ู„ู‡: ุฅุฐุง ุฎุชู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุฃู† ูŠุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒู‘ูŽ ูˆุฌู„ู‘ูŽ.

ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุตู„ุงุฉู ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุดู‡ู‘ูุฏู ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ุง ูุถุงุฆู„ูุŒ ูˆุฎูˆุงุตุŒ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุฑุฏุช ุจู‡ุง ุฃุญุงุฏูŠุซ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉูŒ ู…ุชูˆุงุชุฑุฉูŒุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุฎูˆุงุตู‘ูŽู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูุถุงุฆู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจู†ุง ยซุชุญูุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ูˆุงุชยป ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ ยซู…ุนุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุญุงุช ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ยปุŒ ูุฅู† ุฃุฑุฏุช ูุฑุงุฌุนู‡ ุชุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณุฑูƒ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡.

ุชููˆููŠ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฏููู† ุจู…ุฏุงูู† ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ุจู…ู‚ุงู… ุฃูุนุฏู‘ูŽ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู‘ูŽุฉูŒ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ูˆู„ุฏ ูŠุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุชุญุถุฑู‡ ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุญูŠูˆู† ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงูˆุฉ ูˆู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†. ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู…ุฏู‘ูŽู†ุง ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ ุขู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ุชูˆู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุดุนุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู‚ูŠู…ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุฑุŒ ุชูˆููŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ยซุฅูŠุถุงุญ ุงู„ู…ูƒู†ูˆู†ยป ุชูˆููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 881ู‡ู€. [ยซู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ยป (6/209)].

Burial Place

He is buried near other Shadhili Masters in al-Qarafa.
 

Writings

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Bio: Sh. Abul-'Abbas al-Mursi

Sayyidi Shaykh Abul-‘Abbas al-Mursi

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณูŠ
d. 686 H. in Alexandria
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

.

๏ทฝ
He took the noble Shadhili Tariqa from Sayyidi Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili.
He passed the path on to Sayyidi Shaykh Ibn ‘Ata Allah al-Sakandari.
May Allah be pleased with all of them.

English

1. Article translated by Arfan Shah
2. From Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya of Kuhin
3. From Lataif al-Minan of Imam Ibn ‘Ata Allah al-Sakandari


1. Shaykh Abuโ€™l โ€˜Abbฤs al-Mursฤซ
Article translated by Arfan Shah | marifa.net View PDF

His full name was Shihฤb al-Dฤซn A$mad ibn โ€˜Umar ibn โ€˜Alฤซ al-Khazraji al-Balansi whose noble lineage is traced back to the great companion Saโ€™ad ibn โ€˜Ubadฤ al-โ€™An.arฤซ. He was known by the agnomen Abuโ€™lโ€˜Abbฤs and by the nickname al-Mursฤซ after the place he was born – Mursia. His grandfather was Qays ibn Saโ€™ad, the leader of Egypt before our master Imam โ€˜Alฤซ ibn Abฤซ Tฤlib in 36H. Our master Abuโ€™l โ€˜Abbฤs al-Mursฤซ was born in the city of Mursia in Andalusia in the Islamic year 616H [1219 AD]. His father worked there and sent his son to a teacher to study the Majestic Qurโ€™ฤn and to understand the commands of the religion. Abuโ€™lโ€˜Abbฤs memorised the entire Quran in one year and went on to study the principles of Jurisprudence, reading and writing. …



2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya

From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra,
translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

Sayyiduna Abul Abbas al-Mursi (d. 686/1288)
He is the imam of the circle of those truly realized, the qutb of the elite, the treasury of saints, and the vanguard of those brought nigh. He was endowed with the pure saintly miracles and resplendently lofty feats. He is the realized exemplar, Sidi Abu’l-Abbas Ahmad al-Mursi al-Ansari al-Shadhili,1 may Allah be pleased with him and benefit us by his knowledges, amin.

He was one of the greatest knowers of Allah. He was the only one to inherit the [complete] knowledge of al-Shadhili, and the most esteemed disciple to have taken the path from him.

Al-Mursi did not bequeath any books, saying: ‘The sciences of this group are sciences of realization, and these sciences are not grasped by the intellects of the commonality among creation.’ His own guide, Abul-Hasan al-Shadhili โ€” may his secret be sanctified โ€” would say: ‘My companions are my books’. He also said:

The true inheritor of Shadhili’s knowledge
He is a qutb, so recognize him, unmatched and unique.

Al-Shadhili would exhort Zaki al-Din al-Aswani with the words, ‘O Zaki al-Din, you must stick to Abul-Abbas. By Allah, there is no Friend of Allah save that Allah has manifested him to Abul-Abbas. OZaki, Abul-Abbas is the perfected man!’ Ustadh

Abul-Abbas would say about himself: ‘By Allah, the saints and the substitutes [abdal] travel around Mount Qaf2 until they meet someone like us. When they meet him, he enriches them.’

He would teach other sciences and say: ‘We have participated in the disciplines of the jurists, yet they have not participated in what we [the Sufis] are engaged in.’

He was the pivot of gnoses and secrets, and their illumining sun. Had you heard his speech you would have said, ‘This is the speech of someone whose homeland is nothing but Allah’s invisible reality. He is more knowledgeable about news of the celestials than the news of the terrestials.’

He would only speak about the Greatest Intellect, the Supreme Name and its four branches, the Names, the Letters, the Circles of Saints, the stations of those endowed with certainty and the possessions of the ones brought near the Throne, the sciences of secrets, the spiritual help of formulas of remembrance, the Day of the Decrees, the matter of self-direction [tadbir], the science of the beginning, the science of volition [mashi’ a], the matter of the divine grasp [qabda] and the men singled out for that, the sciences of segregated devotion [ifrad], and Allah’s acts vis-ร -vis His slaves set to occur on the Day of Rising.

He would say: ‘By Allah, were it not for the weakness of intellects, I would inform you of what is going to take place tomorrow by God’s mercy.’

He would grab his beard and say, ‘By Allah, if the people of Iraq and the Levant knew what lay beneath these hairs, they would come crawling to it.’

He would say:
“For forty years I have not been veiled from the Messenger of Allahย ๏ทบ even for the blinking of an eye, and had that occurred I would not have counted myself from the Muslims.”

His worldly abstinence [zuhd] reached such an extent that he spent thirty six years in Alexandria without ever seeing the face of its governor or sending him any message. One day, the governor of the city sought to have a meeting with him, but al-Mursi refused, saying, ‘By Allah, I will meet Allah without seeing him.’ It was as he stated. Rulers and kings would come to visit him, but spiritual contraction [qabd] would seize him and he would not find respite while in their company.

He would say:
“By Allah, nothing unlawful ever entered my stomach.’ If he happened to stretch a hand towards something of dubious lawfulness, sixty of his veins would throb and his fingers would emit a light.”

He was gifted the ability to speak in foreign languages and dialects. He would reside in the Muqassam district in Cairo. Every night he would go to Alexandria, listen to the lesson of Abul-Hasan [al-Shadhili], and then return to Cairo.’3 He would say: ‘Allah caused me to witness the angels prostrating to Adam, peace upon him, so I took my share (of knowledge) from that, and so I have declaimed:

My form melted, while the truthfulness of my annihilation proved sound
The sun of my heaven was manifest to the secret
I descended through the worlds. What was folded
In the Attributes after my attribute was disclosed.

He has โ€” may Allah have mercy on him โ€” many sayings, which have been presented in Lata’if al-Minan. O Allah, sustain us and our dear ones by his spiritual help [madad], and benefit us by his blessings, Amin.

His death โ€” may Allah have mercy on him โ€” took place in AH 686. He was buried in his mosque in Alexandria. His tomb is famous among Egyptians, young and old. Both leaders and paupers seek intercession through him. O Allah, benefit us through him, amin.

Footnotes:

1 See his biography in al-Aqam (1/186), al-Rihlat al-Warthilaniyya (189), and Tabaqat al-Shadhillyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din al-Tu`mi.
2ย  Qaf is mentioned in the Qur’an. Exegetes have taken the view that it is the mountain that encircles the earth. They say it is made of green chrysolite, and that the green of the sky is from its green. They say that its base is a green rock on top of it and that Mount Qaf is a stem (tributary) of this green rock. The bases of all the mountains derive from the stem of Mount Qaf, being tributaries of it. They mention that between it and the sky is the distance of a man standing (a man’s height), though it is also stated that heaven is resting upon it as a layer. (cf. Yaqut al-Hawami’s Mu’jam al-Buldan).
3 The distance between the two cities is now 178.62 kilometers, and in his days there were no fast means of transport as we have today.


3. From Imam Ibn ‘Ata Allah al-Sakandari: Lata’if al-Minan

t.b.d.

Svenska


Sheikh Abul `Abbas al Mursi
Sammanstรคllt av bmk | Damas Cultural Society ยฉ 2007 – Se ursprunglig sida

Sheikh Abul ยดAbbas Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn `Umar al-Ansari al-Mursi var eftertrรคdare till Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili. Trots att han till det yttre inte liknade sin Sheikh, liknande han honom till sitt sรคtt och till sitt beteende till den grad att folk inte kunde skilja mellan honom och Imam Abul Hasan.

Sheikh Abul `Abbas al Mursi sade:

“Imam Abul Hasan sade till mig: ‘Abul `Abbas, jag har tagit dig till min lรคrjunge endast fรถr att du ska bli jag och jag du.’ ” [1/ p. 116]

Hans eftertrรคdare var sedan Ibn `Ata Allah al-Sakandari, som skrivit mรฅnga kรคnda bรถcker, t.ex. Al-Hikam (Visdomsord). Han var den fรถrste som dokumenterade sina fรถregรฅngares liv och uttalanden. Nedan nรฅgra utdrag ur hans bok Lata’if al-Minan.

Hur Sheikh Abul `Abbas al-Mursi mรถtte sin Mรคstare Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili

Shaikh Abu al Abbas berรคttade fรถr Ibn `Ata Allah, enligt Lata’if al-Minan :
“Nรคr jag var i Tunisien, sedan jag kommit frรฅn Murcia โ€“ jag var dรฅ en ung man โ€“ hรถrde jag talas om Sheikh Abul Hasan al-Shadhili. En man sade till mig: ‘Vill du komma med mig fรถr att trรคffa honom?’ Jag svarade: ‘Nรคr jag sรถkt Allah’s vรคgledning i denna sak.’ Nรคr jag sov den natten, sรฅg jag mig sjรคlv i en vision, dรคr jag steg upp mot en bergstopp. Nรคr jag nรฅdde toppen sรฅg jag dรคr en man klรคdd i en grรถn burnus. Han satt med en man pรฅ sin hรถgra sida och en annan pรฅ sin vรคnstra. Jag sรฅg pรฅ honom och han sade: ‘Du har funnit denna tids khalifa.’ Jag vaknade, och sedan jag bett morgonbรถnen kom mannen som bjudit in mig fรถr att besรถka Sheikhen och jag gick med honom. Nรคr vi kom in fรถr att trรคffa Sheikhen, fann jag honom till min fรถrundran sittande pรฅ samma bรคnk som jag sett honom pรฅ pรฅ bergstoppen. Sheikhen sade till mig: ‘Du har funnit denna tids khalifa. vad heter du?’ Jag nรคmnde mitt namn och min hรคrstamning fรถr honom, och han sade till mig: ‘Du lyftes upp till mig fรถr tio รฅr sedan’.” [1/ p. 97]

Abul `Abbas al-Mursi berรคttar om hur Allah gav Imam Abul Hasan befรคl รถver havet

Sheikh Abu al Abbas berรคttade:
“Jag var med Sheiken pรฅ `Idhab-sjรถn. Vi ansattes av hรฅrda vindar och bรฅten hade fรฅtt en lรคcka. Sheikhen sade dรฅ:ยด’Jag sรฅg himlarna รถppna och tvรฅ รคnglar som steg ned. En av dem sade: “Moses รคr mer kunnig รคn al-Khidr,” medan den andres sade “Al-Khird รคr mer kunnig รคn Moses,” ytterligare en รคngel nedsteg och sade: “Sannerligen, det al-Khidr vet mer รคn Moses รคr inte mer รคn det hรคrรฅgeln kรคnner till av Solomos kunskap dรฅ han sade: ‘Jag har fรฅtt reda pรฅ sรฅdant du inte fรฅtt reda pรฅ.” ‘ Jag fรถrstod dรฅ att Allah skulle fรถra oss sรคkert till vรฅrt mรฅl, eftersom Han gett Moses befรคl รถver havet. ” [1/ p. 100]

Sheikh Abul `Abbas berรคttar [fรถr Sheikh Ibn `Ata Allah, i Lataif al-Minan] :
“Vi var pรฅ en resa tillsammans med Sheihen [Abul Hasan] det รฅr han dog. Nรคr vi kom till Khanim, sade Sheiken till mig: Jag sรฅg mig sjรคlv i en hรคftig storm pรฅ havet. Vinden piskade, vรฅgorna hรคvde sig, bรฅten sprang lรคck och vi var nรคra att drรคnkas. Jag nรคrmade mig dรฅ bรฅtens reling och sade: ยด”O hav, om du har befallts att lyssna och lyda mig โ€“ all nรฅd tillhรถr Allah, den All-Hรถrande, den All-Vetande. Men om du befallts nรฅgot annat, sรฅ ligger domslutet hos Allah, den Allsmรคktige, den Vise ” Jag hรถrde dรฅ havet sรคga: “Jag lyssnar och jag lyder.” โ€“ Sheikhen dog och vi begravde honom i Humaythira i `Idhab-รถknen. Efter det begav jag mig pรฅ en annan resa. Vi befann oss mitt i en hรคftig storm, vi var lรฅngt ute till havs, Vinden piskade, vรฅgorna hรคvde sig, bรฅten sprang lรคck och vi var nรคra att drรคnkas. Vid den tiden hade jag glรถmt Sheikhens ord, men nรคr situationen blev allvarlig mindes jag dem. Jag nรคrmade mig dรฅ bรฅtens reling och sade: ยด’O hav, om du har befallts att lyssna och lyda Allah’s Vรคnner โ€“ all nรฅd tillhรถr Allah, den All-Hรถrande, den All-Vetande. (Jag sade inte: lyssna och lyda mig, som Sheikhen sagt.) Men om du befallts nรฅgot annat, sรฅ ligger domslutet hos Allah, den Allsmรคktige, den Vise.’ Jag hรถrde dรฅ havet sรคga: ‘Jag lyssnar och jag lyder.’ Havet blev dรฅ stilla och den รฅterstรฅende resan var behaglig.” [1/ p. 99]

——–
Referenser & kรคlltexter
[1] Lata’if al-Minan

Tรผrkรงe

ลžeyh Ebuโ€™l Abbas el-Mursi Hazretleri (-h.686)
Referans: Tabakat el-ลžaziliyye el-Kubra, Muhammed bin Kasฤฑm el-Kuhin

Tahkik ehlinin imamฤฑ, ruhlarฤฑnฤฑ saflaลŸtฤฑrmฤฑลŸlarฤฑn kutbu, evliyanฤฑn hazinesi, Allahโ€™a yakฤฑnlaลŸmฤฑลŸ olanlarฤฑn รถnde gelenlerindendir. Aรงฤฑk kerametlerin ve apaรงฤฑk ali marifetin sahibi, muhakkik rehber ลžeyh Ebuโ€™l Abbas el-Mursรฎ el-Ensรขrรฎ eลŸ-ลžรขzรฎlรฎ Hazretleri, Allah Teala ondan razฤฑ olsun ve bizi onun ilmi ile faydalandฤฑrsฤฑn, Amin.

O (r.ah) ariflerin bรผyรผklerindendi. Ondan baลŸka Ebuโ€™l Hasan ลžazili Hazretleriโ€™nin (r.ah) ย ilmini miras alan yoktur. O, ลžazili Hazretleriโ€™nden tarikatฤฑ alanlarฤฑn en seรงkinidir.

ลžeyh, herhangi bir kitap kaleme almamฤฑลŸtฤฑr. Derdi ki: โ€œBu taifenin bilgileri tahkik ilmidir ve avam kiลŸilerin akฤฑllarฤฑ bu bilgileri kavrayamaz.โ€ Aynฤฑ ลŸekilde ลŸeyhi Ebuโ€™l Hasan ลžazili Hazretleri de (kuddise sฤฑrruh): โ€œBenim kitaplarฤฑm, ashabฤฑmdฤฑr.โ€ demiลŸtir.

ลžazili Hazretleri, ลžeyh Ebuโ€™l Abbas el-Mursi hakkฤฑnda ลŸรถyle sรถylemiลŸtir:

โ€œGerรงekten o ลžazili ilminin varisidir

O kutuptur ki onu iyi tanฤฑyฤฑn, O biriciktirโ€

ลžazili Hazretleri, ลžeyh Zekiyyuddin el-Asvaniโ€™ye ลŸรถyle รถฤŸรผtlemiลŸtir: โ€œEy Zekiyuddin, Ebuโ€™l Abbasโ€™a sฤฑkฤฑca yapฤฑลŸ. Zira Allahโ€™a yemin olsun, Allahโ€™ฤฑn hiรงbir velisi yoktur ki, Allah mutlaka onu Ebuโ€™l Abbasโ€™a bildirmesin. Ey Zeki, Ebuโ€™l Abbas kamil bir zรขttฤฑr.โ€

ลžeyh Ebuโ€™l Abbas Hazretleri kendisi hakkฤฑnda ลŸรถyle derdi: โ€œAllahโ€™a yemin olsun ki, Allah dostlarฤฑ ve abdallar bize benzeyen biri ile karลŸฤฑlaลŸana dek Kaf DaฤŸฤฑโ€™ndan Kaf DaฤŸฤฑ’na yolculuk ederler! Bรถyle kimse ile karลŸฤฑlaลŸtฤฑklarฤฑnda, o zat onlarฤฑ manevi hazineleri ile zengin eder.โ€

Ebuโ€™l Abbas Hazretleri diฤŸer ilimler konusunda da sรถz sahibi idi ve ลŸรถyle derdi: โ€œBizler fฤฑkฤฑh alimlerine ilimlerinde ortak olduk; fakat onlar bizim ilmimizde bize ortak olamadฤฑlar.โ€

O, marifet ve sฤฑrlar ilminin dayanaฤŸฤฑ ve parlayan gรผneลŸiydi. Onun konuลŸmalarฤฑnฤฑ dinlediฤŸinde: โ€œBu ilmin vatanฤฑ Allahโ€™ฤฑn gaybi hakikatinden baลŸka bir ลŸey olamaz. ลžeyh, gรถktekilerin haberlerini, yeryรผzรผndekilerin haberlerinden daha iyi biliyor.โ€ derdin.

KonuลŸtuฤŸu zaman sadece Akl-ฤฑ Ekber, ฤฐsm-i Azam ve onun dรถrt ลŸubesi, ฤฐsimler, Harfler, Evliya Daireleri, yakin sahiplerinin ve arลŸa yakฤฑnlaลŸanlarฤฑn makamlarฤฑ, sฤฑrlar ilmi, zikirlerin manevi yardฤฑmฤฑ, Hรผkรผm Gรผnรผ, tedbir mevzusu, baลŸlangฤฑรง ilmi, Allahโ€™ฤฑn iradesini konu alan ilim, ilahi kabza ve onun ricaline dair mevzular, ifrad ilmi ve kฤฑyamet gรผnรผnde Allah Tealaโ€™nฤฑn kullarฤฑyla olacak olan mรผnasebeti hakkฤฑnda konuลŸurdu.

Ve ลŸรถyle derdi: โ€œAllahโ€™a yemin ederim ki, akฤฑllar zayฤฑf olmamฤฑลŸ olsaydฤฑ Allahโ€™ฤฑn rahmetiyle yarฤฑn nelerin olup meydana geleceฤŸini anlatฤฑrdฤฑm.โ€

Ebuโ€™l Abbas el-Mursi Hazretleri sakalฤฑnฤฑ tutup ลŸรถyle buyururdu: โ€œAllah’a yemin olsun, Irak ve ลžam alimleri bu sakalฤฑn altฤฑnda ne olduฤŸunu bilmiลŸ olsalardฤฑ yรผzรผstรผ sรผrรผnerek de olsa yanฤฑmฤฑza gelirlerdi.โ€

Ebuโ€™l Abbas el-Mursi Hazretleri yine ลŸรถyle buyurmuลŸlardฤฑr: โ€œKฤฑrk sene boyunca Rasulullah (sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem) ile arama bir an olsun perde girmemiลŸtir. EฤŸer gรถz kฤฑrpacak kadar Rasulullahโ€™tan ayrฤฑlmฤฑลŸ olsam, kendimi Mรผslรผmanlardan saymazdฤฑm.โ€

Onun zรผhdรผ รงok ileri bir dรผzeye ulaลŸmฤฑลŸtฤฑ, รถyle ki otuz altฤฑ sene ฤฐskenderiye’de yaลŸadฤฑฤŸฤฑ halde bir kere olsun ลŸehrin valisinin yรผzรผnรผ gรถrmedi ve hiรง kimseyi de ona gรถndermedi. Bir gรผn vali onunla buluลŸmak istemiลŸti fakat o bunu geri รงevirdi. Ve ลŸรถyle demiลŸti: โ€œAllah’a yemin olsun onu gรถrmeden Allah ile buluลŸacaฤŸฤฑm.โ€ Bu onun makamฤฑydฤฑ. Emir ve sultanlar ona ziyaret maksadฤฑyla gelirlerdi ancak onu bir kabz hali bรผrรผr ve onlarฤฑn aralarฤฑnda geniลŸlik bulamazdฤฑ.

ลžeyh Hazretleri ลŸรถyle sรถylerdi: โ€œAllahโ€™a yemin olsun ki mideme hiรง haram lokma girmedi.โ€ ลžรผpheli bir ลŸeye elini uzatacak olsa altmฤฑลŸ damarฤฑ titreyip hareket eder ve parmaklarฤฑnฤฑn arasฤฑndan ฤฑลŸฤฑk parฤฑldardฤฑ.

 

Kendisine pek รงok farklฤฑ dilde konuลŸma becerisi verilmiลŸti. Kahireโ€™de Mukassem bรถlgesinde oturuyordu. Her gece ฤฐskenderiyeโ€™ye gelir, hocasฤฑ ลžeyh Ebuโ€™l Hasanโ€™ฤฑn dersini dinler sonra Kahireโ€™ye geri dรถnerdi.

ลžeyh ลŸรถyle demiลŸtir: โ€œAllah bana Hz. Adem (a.s)โ€™e secde eden melekleri mรผลŸahede ettirdi. Ben de o (ilimden) payฤฑma dรผลŸeni aldฤฑm. Bir de baktฤฑm ki ลŸu kasideyi okuyorum:

โ€œSuretim eridi, fena halimin sฤฑdkฤฑ tamam olduฤŸunda

Semamฤฑn gรผneลŸi tecelli etti sฤฑrlarda

Alemlere indim ve olundu ifลŸa

SaklanmฤฑลŸ olan o Sฤฑfatlarda bendekilerden sonraโ€

 

ลžeyhin buna benzer birรงok sรถzรผ โ€œLetรขifuโ€™l Minenโ€ adlฤฑ eserde yer almaktadฤฑr.

Ey Allahโ€™ฤฑm, bize ve sevdiklerimize onun mededi ile imdad eyle ve onun bereketi ile bize fayda verโ€ฆ Amin.

ลžeyh Hazretleri Hicri 686 senesinde vefat etmiลŸtir. ฤฐskenderiyeโ€™deki camisine defnedilmiลŸtir. Makamฤฑ Mฤฑsฤฑr halkฤฑ arasฤฑnda meลŸhur olmuลŸtur, bรผyรผk-kรผรงรผk herkes onu bilir ve hรผkรผmdarฤฑ da fakiri de onunla Allahโ€™a tevessรผl eder.

Allahโ€™ฤฑm onun yoluyla bize fayda ver. Amin.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Imam al-Sha’rani: Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (PDF) – View | Downloadsee aso below
2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya: View book | Download | Chapter [4]see below
See also: About the mosque of Sh. Abul ‘Abbas al-Mursi in Alexandria


1. From Imam al-Sha’rani: Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra

ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุฌ2 ุต 11 :
( ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ )

ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุฑุซ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจู‰ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุบูŠุฑุฑู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุฌู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุถุน ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุดูŠุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ูˆู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุนู„ูˆู… ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ุง ุชุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุนู…ูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุฐุดุงุฐู„ุฉู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุถุน ุดุฆุฃ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุชุจู‰ ุงุตุญุงุจู‰ ( ู…ุงุช ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุณู†ุฉ ุณุช ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุณุชู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุฎู„ู‚ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ ูˆู†ุจูŠู†ุง ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ ูˆูƒุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูู‚ุฃ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุจ ุนู† ุนุจูŠู†ู‰ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุง ุฃุธู„ู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆู‚ู‰ ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู„ู‰ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนุจุงุฏุง ู…ุญู‚ ุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ู… ุจุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ ูˆุงูˆุตุงูู‡ู… ุจุฃูˆุตุงูู‡ ูˆุฐุงุชู‡ู… ุจุฐุงุชู‡ ูˆุญู…ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุงู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุนุฌุฑ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุนู† ุณู…ุงุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูู‰ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ู† ุนุฑู ู†ูุณู‡ ุนุฑู ุฑุจู‡ ( ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ) ู…ู† ุนุฑู ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุฐู„ู‡ุง ูˆุนุฌุฒ ู…ุง ุนุฑู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุนุฒุฉ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑุฑุชู‡ ู‚ู„ุช ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃุณู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุนู„ู… ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู†ู‡ ุณู…ุนุช ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุดู ุนู† ู†ุฑูˆ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุตู‰ ูŠุทุจู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูู…ุง ุธู†ูƒ ุจู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทูŠุน * ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุดุญูˆู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุทู‰ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุฐู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ู… ุงู† ู…ู† ุฃุฐู† ู„ู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุญู„ูŠุช ูู‰ ู…ุณุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุงุดุงุฑุงุชู‡ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฃุฐูˆู† ู„ู‡ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุณูˆุฉ ูˆุทู„ุงูˆุฉ ูˆูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฐู‰ ู„ู… ูŠุคุฐู† ู„ู‡ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ูƒุณูˆู ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงุฑ * ูˆู‚ุงู„ ูู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุญุงูู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‰ ู„ุงุดุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุก ู…ู†ุฐ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุง ุตูุง ู„ู‰ ุซู…ู†ู‡ ุฃู‰ ู„ู… ูŠุฃุฐู† ู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ ูู‰ ุฃูƒู„ู‡ ูู„ูˆ ุฃุฐู† ู„ู‰ ุตูุง ู„ู‰ ุซู…ู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุง ูู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ูŠุฃูƒู„ ูู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ูู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠุฏ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุณุจุนูŠู† ุนุงุฑูุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุนุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุธู† ูˆูˆู‡ู… ุญุชู‰ ุฃุฎู‰ ุฃุจุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูŠุฏู„ูˆุง ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุตุจูŠุง ู…ู† ุตุจูŠุงู†ู†ุง ู„ุงุณู„ู… ุนู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฐู‰ ูˆุตู„ู†ุงู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู… ูู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ู… ูˆุธู† ูุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุงู… ููˆู‚ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุชู†ุงู‡ู‰ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุธู† ูˆุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ูู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ุง ุณู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุฃู‰ ู„ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฏ ู„ู‡ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงุณู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ูŠุงุฏ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ูู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃุจู‰ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฎุถุช ุจุญุฑุง ูˆู‚ู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุจูŠุงุก ุจุณุงุญู„ู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุฃุจุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠุดูƒูˆ ุถุนูู‡ ูˆุนุฌุฒู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุญูˆู‚ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุจูŠุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุจูŠุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุฎุงุถูˆุง ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุชูˆุญูŠุฏ ูˆูˆู‚ููˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ูŠุฏุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูˆุถ ุฃู‰ ูู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ูƒุงู…ู‰ ู„ูˆู‚ูุช ุญูŠุซ ูˆู‚ููˆุง ู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐู‰ ูุณุฑ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃุจู‰ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฆู‚ ุจู…ู‚ุงู… ุฃุจู‰ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฏู…ูŠุน ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุงู†ุจูŠุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูƒุฒู‚ ู…ู„ู‰ุก ุนุณู„ุง ุซู… ุฑุดุญุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุฑุดุงุญุฉ ูู…ุง ูู‰ ุจุงุทู† ุงู„ุฒู‚ ู„ู„ุขู†ุจูŠุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุดุงุญุฉ ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ู…



2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya

[4] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณูŠ([1])
(…-686)

ุฅู…ุงู… ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฃุตููŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุณูƒุฑุฏุงู†([2]) ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ุฃุญุฏู ุตุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑู‘ุจูŠู†ุŒ ุตุงุญุจู ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุขุซุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‘ูู‚ู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุขู…ูŠู†.

ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุฑุซู’ ุนู„ู…ูŽ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุบูŠุฑูู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุฌู„ู‘ู ู…ู† ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุถุน ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒุชุจู‹ุง. ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุนู„ูˆู…ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุนู„ูˆู…ู ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูˆู…ู ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ุง ุชุณุนู‡ุง ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุนู…ูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚. ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุฎูู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‘ูู‡ุŒ ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ูƒูุชุจูŠ ุฃูŽุตุญุงุจูŠ.

ูˆู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุญู‚ู‘ูู‡:

ูˆูˆุงุฑุซู ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽุงุฐู„ูŠู‘ู ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‹ * ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุทุจูŒ ูุงุนู„ู…ูˆู‡ ูˆุฃูˆุญุฏู

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠููˆุตูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฒูƒูŠู‘ู ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุฒูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณุŒ ููˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ู…ู† ูˆู„ูŠู‘ู ุฅู„ุง ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุธู‡ุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูŠุง ุฒูƒูŠู‘ูุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐู ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡: ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ูุŒ ู…ุง ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกู ูˆุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู„ ู…ู† ู‚ุงู ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุงู ุญุชู‰ ูŠู„ู‚ูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู†ุงุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ู„ูŽู‚ูˆู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠุบู†ูŠู‡ู….

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญุฏู‘ูŽุซู ููŠ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุดุงุฑูƒู†ุง ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ููŠู…ุง ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠูุดุงุฑูƒูˆู†ุง ููŠู…ุง ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ู‚ุทุจูŽ ุฑุญุงู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุดู…ุณ ุถุญุงู‡ุงุŒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ุณู…ุนุช ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ูŠุณ ูˆุทู†ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุบูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ุฃุนู„ู…ู ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุชุญุฏู‘ูŽุซู ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฃุนุธู…ุŒ ูˆุดุนุจู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูˆูุŒ ูˆุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุจูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฑุดุŒ ูˆุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆุฅู…ุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฐูƒุงุฑุŒ ูˆูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฏูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุดุฃู† ุงู„ุชุฏุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุนู„ู… ุงู„ุจุฏุกุŒ ูˆุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฆุฉุŒ ูˆุดุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุจุถุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุจุถุฉุŒ ูˆุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุนุจุงุฏู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ูุŒ ู„ูˆู„ุง ุถุนูู ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฃุฎุจุฑุช ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุบุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูู…ุณูƒ ุจู„ุญูŠุชู‡ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ู„ูˆ ุนู„ู… ุนู„ู…ุงุกู ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ูˆุงู„ุดุงู… ู…ุง ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃุชูˆู‡ุง ูˆู„ูˆ ุณุนูŠู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ู‡ู….

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฃุฑุจุนูˆู† ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุง ุญูุฌุจุชู ุนู† ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุทุฑูุฉูŽ ุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ูˆ ุญูุฌุจุช ุทุฑูุฉูŽ ุนูŠู† ู…ุง ุนุฏุฏุช ู†ูุณูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†.

ูˆุจู„ุบ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฒู‡ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูƒุซูŽ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุณุชู‹ุง ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุณู†ุฉู‹ ู…ุง ุฑุฃู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ูŽ ู…ูุชูˆู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุณู„ูŽ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุทู„ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู„ูŠ ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ุจู‡ุŒ ูุฃุจู‰ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„: ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุงู‡. ููƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฃุชูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ู„ุชุฒูˆุฑู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู† ูŠุบู„ุจู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุจุถูุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุณุท ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ู….
ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ูŽ ุจุทู†ูŠ ุญุฑุงู…ูŒ ู‚ุท. ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุณุชูˆู† ุนุฑู‚ู‹ุง ุชุถุฑุจ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุฏู‘ูŽ ูŠุฏู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุจู‡ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ูŠุชู„ุฃู„ุฃ ููŠ ุฃุตุงุจุนู‡.

ูˆุฃูุนุทูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูุทู‚ูŽ ุจุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ุณู†.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุณุงูƒู†ู‹ุง ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ู‚ุณู… ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ููƒุงู† ูƒู„ู‘ูŽ ู„ูŠู„ุฉู ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉุŒ ููŠุณู…ุนู ู…ูŠุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ุŒ ุซู… ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุฃุทู„ุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉ ุณุงุฌุฏุฉู‹ ู„ุขุฏู… โ€” ูุฃุฎุฐุช ุจู‚ุณุทูŠ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„:

ุฐุงุจูŽ ุฑุณู…ูŠ ูˆุตุญู‘ูŽ ุตุฏู‚ู ูู†ุงุฆูŠ * ูˆุชุฌู„ู‘ูŽุชู’ ู„ู„ุณุฑู‘ู ุดู…ุณู ุณู…ุงุฆูŠ

ูˆุชู†ุฒู‘ูŽู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู„ู… ุฃูุจุฏูŠ * ู…ุง ุงู†ุทูˆู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุชู ุจุนุฏ ุตูุงุฆูŠ

ูˆู„ู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„ ู…ุจุณูˆุท ููŠ ยซู„ุทุงุฆู ุงู„ู…ู†ู†ยป ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฏู‘ูŽู†ุง ูˆุฃุญุจุชู†ุง ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุขู…ูŠู†.

ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ูˆูุงุชู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู†ุฉ ุณุช ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุณุช ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุจู…ุณุฌุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูŒ ุจูŠู† ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุตุฑ ุจุฃุณุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนุฑููู‡ู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุชูˆุณู‘ูŽู„ู ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑู ูˆุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ ุขู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณูŠ ุตุญุจ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏู„ุณ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุณูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุจุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ุชูˆููŠ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 686ู‡ู€.
([2]) ุงู„ุณููƒูุฑู’ุฏุงู†: ุดุจู‡ ุฎุฒุงู†ุฉ ูŠุญูุธ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฃูƒูˆู„.

Maqam

ู…ุณุฌุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰
ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„

ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุดู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู…ุฑ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฒุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ู†ุณูŠ ูŠุชุตู„ ู†ุณุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุตุญุงุจูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุณุนุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑูŠ (ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡) ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎุฒุฑุฌ ูˆ ุตุงุญุจ ุณู‚ูŠูุฉ ุจู† ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุนุฉ ู„ุฃุจูŠ ุจูƒุฑ ุงู„ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุฎู„ุงูุฉ ..ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฌุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุณ ุจู† ุณุนุฏ ุฃู…ูŠุฑุง ุนู„ูŠ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ูƒุฑู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุนุงู… 36ู‡ู€.(656ู…).

ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆู„ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุจู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฑุณูŠู‡ ุณู†ุฉ 616ู‡ู€.(1219ู…) ูˆ ู†ุดุฃ ุจู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงุญุฏูŠ ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏู„ุณ ูˆ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู†ุณุจ ูู‚ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰

ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจู„ุบ ุณู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุจุนุซู‡ ุฃุจูˆู‡ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ู„ูŠุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุกุงู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ูˆ ูŠุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุท ูˆ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ. ูˆ ุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุกุงู† ููŠ ุนุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุนู…ุฑ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุชุฌุงุฑ ู…ุฑุณูŠู‡ ูู„ู…ุง ุงุณุชูˆุช ู…ุนุงุฑู ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูˆ ุธู‡ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงุฆู… ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุจุฉ ุฃู„ุญู‚ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุจุฃุนู…ุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุจุนุซู‡ ู…ุน ุฃุฎูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูุชุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุดุคูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุทุงุก ูˆ ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ูˆ ุงุณุชูุงุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ู‡ู… .

ูˆ ููŠ ุนุงู… 640ู‡ู€. (1242ู…) ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญูŠู† ุตุญุจู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู‡ ู…ุน ุฃุฎูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฃู…ู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุฐู‡ุงุจู‡ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌ ูุฑูƒุจูˆุง ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ุดุงุทูŠุก ู‡ุจุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฑูŠุญ ุนุงุตูุฉ ุบุฑู‚ุช ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ูŠ ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูˆ ุฃุฎุงู‡ ูู†ุฌุงู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑู‚ … ูˆ ู‚ุตุฏุง ุชูˆู†ุณ ูˆุฃู‚ุงู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงุชุฌู‡ ุฃุฎูˆู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชุฌู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฅู„ูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุตุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฎุท ูˆ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุกุงู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… .

ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ููŠ ุชูˆู†ุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑูŠ ุญุฏุฏุช ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ ูˆ ุฃุซุฑุช ุนู„ูŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุตุงุฏู ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุฑุจุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชูˆู†ุณ ูˆ ูŠุฑูˆูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู†ูุณู‡ ุนู† ู„ู‚ุงุกู‡ ุจุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ููŠู‚ูˆู„:

” ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฒู„ุช ุจุชูˆู†ุณ ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชูŠุช ู…ู† ู…ุฑุณูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃู†ุฏู„ุณ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฅุฐ ุฐุงูƒ ุดุงุจ ุณู…ุนุช ุนู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ูˆ ุนู† ุนู„ู…ู‡ ูˆ ุฒู‡ุฏู‡ ูˆ ูˆุฑุนู‡ ูุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุฃุญุจุจุชู‡ ูˆุฑุงูู‚ุชู‡ ”

ูˆู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู…ู‡ุง ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ู‡ ุชุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ู„ุง ูŠูุงุฑู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุณูุฑ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุญุถุฑุŒ ูˆุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูˆ ุทู‡ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ู„ู„ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูุบู…ุฑู‡ ุจุนู†ุงูŠุชู‡ ูˆ ุงุฎุฐ ููŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุชู‡ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ูŠูุฉ ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุจุนุฏู‡ ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ูŠูˆู…ุง ูŠุง ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู…ุง ุตุญุจุชูƒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุช ุฃู†ุง ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุช , ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฒูˆุฌ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู…ู† ุงุจู†ุฉ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ูˆ ุฃู†ุฌุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆ ุงุญู…ุฏ ูˆุจู‡ุฌู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฒูˆุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูŠุงู‚ูˆุช ุงู„ุนุฑุด.

ุฃู…ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ูู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฌุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ ู…ุคุณุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ููŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู†ุณุจู‡ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฑุณู‡ ุงู„ุญุณูŠู†ูŠูŠู† ุณู„ุงุทูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰

ูˆ ููŠ ุนุงู… 642ู‡ู€. 1244ู…. ุฎุฑุฌ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌ ูˆ ุณุงูุฑ ุฅู„ูŠ ู…ุตุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนู‡ ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู† ูˆ ุนู„ูŠ ุฑุฃุณู‡ู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ูˆ ุฃุฎูˆู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุฒุงุฆู… ู…ุงุถูŠ.

ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญุฌ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ูˆ ุนุงุฏ ุฅู„ูŠ ุชูˆู†ุณ ูˆ ุฃู‚ุงู… ุจู‡ุง ูˆ ู„ุญู‚ ุจู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุซู… ูˆูุฏูˆุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ุฅู„ูŠ ู…ุตุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู‚ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ ุจู‡ุง ูˆ ุงุชุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุง ู„ู‡ ูˆ ู„ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡
ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏ ุนุงู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฑูŠ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ู†ุฌู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃูŠูˆุจ

( ููŠ ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆุจูŠุฉ)

ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุงุณุชู‚ุฑูˆุง ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงุชุฎุฐ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฑุง ููŠ ูƒูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูƒุฉ ู†ุฒู„ ุจู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ูˆ ุนู„ูŠ ุฑุฃุณู‡ู… ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูˆ ุจุฏุฃูˆุง ูŠุฏุนูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุตุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ูุถู„ุงุก ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ุฌุงู„ุณู‡ู… ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ูˆ ุฐุงุน ุตูŠุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ

ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุนุทุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ุฏุฑูˆุณู‡ ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุนู‚ุฏ ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุนุธ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ูˆุฃู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุฎู„ูŠูุฉ ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุฃุฐู† ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ูˆ ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ ุชู„ู‚ูŠู† ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ูˆ ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ.

ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุฃู‚ุงู… ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ 43 ุนุงู…ุง ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูŠู†ุดุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆ ูŠู‡ุฐุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ููˆุณ ูˆ ูŠุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ูˆ ูŠุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุจูˆุฑุนู‡ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆุงู‡…

ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุฃุฐู† ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุฌุงู…ุน ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏ ุนู†ุงู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู„ุจุซ ุชุนุงู„ูŠู…ู‡ ูˆ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ ู…ุฃูˆูŠ ู„ู‡ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ูƒู„ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูŠู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุจุดูŠุฎู‡ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุซู… ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ุง ุฅุฐ ุนุงุฏ ูˆ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ .

ูˆ ููŠ ุนุงู… 656ู‡ู€. (1258ู….) ุงุนุชุฒู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌ ูุตุญุจ ู…ุนู‡ ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ุนู„ูŠ ุฑุฃุณู‡ู… ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ูˆ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุฒุงุฆู… ู…ุงุถูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุฑุถุง ุดุฏูŠุฏุง ูู…ุงุช ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆ ุฏูู† ุจุญู…ูŠุซุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุตุญุฑุงุก ุนุฐุงุจ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุฃุณูˆุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ.

ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌ ุจุนุฏ ูˆูุงุฉ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุนุงุฏ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูุชุตุฏุฑ ู…ุฌุงู„ุณู‡ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุดุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆ ุฐุงุน ุตูŠุชู‡ ูุฃู…ู‡ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ูˆ ุฑุญู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฑ ูˆ ุฐูˆูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุงุฑ ูˆ ุชูˆุงูุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก.

ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุก ุงู„ุตูŠู ุฑุญู„ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ุจุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงูƒู… ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุฌุงู…ุน ุนู…ุฑูˆ ุจุงู„ูุณุทุงุท ู„ูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ุฏุฑูˆุณู‡ ูˆ ู…ูˆุงุนุธู‡ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูŠุญุถุฑ ุฏุฑูˆุณู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุนู†ุฏ ุดุฑุญู‡ ู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠ .

ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฑุน ูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฐู‡ู† ู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุทู†ุฉ ู†ุงูุฐ ุงู„ูุฑุงุณุฉ ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฑ ุฒูƒูŠ ุงู„ูุคุงุฏ ู…ุณุชู†ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุตูŠุฑุฉ ุญุณู† ุงู„ุทุจุงุน..

ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ูู† ุจู†ุตูŠุจ ูˆุงูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุชู‚ู† ุนู„ูˆู…ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃุฏูŠุจุง ูˆ ุนุงู„ู…ุง ุจุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.

ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุธู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ูŠุฏุนูˆ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุญ ู†ุงุดุฑุง ู„ู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ูˆ ู…ู‡ุฐุจุง ู„ู†ููˆุณ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ูˆูุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ู† ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุนุฏุฉ 685ู‡ู€. (1287ู….) ูˆ ุฏูู† ููŠ ู‚ุจุฑู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ .

ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุชุฑูƒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ู† ุขุซุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ูู„ู… ูŠุคู„ู ูƒุชุงุจุง ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠู‚ูŠุฏ ุฏุฑุณุง ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุชุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู† ูู‚ุฏ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุนู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูˆ ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ูˆ ู…ูƒุงุฑู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐ ู†ุฌุจุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจูˆุตูŠุฑูŠ ูˆ ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠ ูˆ ูŠุงู‚ูˆุช ุงู„ุนุฑุด ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฒูˆุฌ ุงุจู†ุชู‡ ูˆ ุงุจู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุจ ูˆ ุงุจู† ุงู„ู„ุจุงู† ูˆ ุงุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุดุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…
ูˆู…ู† ุฃุฐูƒุงุฑู‡ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

– ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุง ู†ูˆุฑ ูŠุง ุญู‚ ูŠุง ู…ุจูŠู† ุงุญูŠ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุจู†ูˆุฑูƒ ูˆ ุนุฑูู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ
– ูŠุง ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุง ุฑูŠุจ ููŠู‡ ุงุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู†ูŠ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุทุงุนุชูƒ ุนู„ูŠ ุจุณุงุท ู…ุญุจุชูƒ ูˆ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ูŠ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู…ู„ุฃ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุจู…ุญุจุชูƒ ูˆ ุฎุดุน ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุจุณู„ุทุงู† ุนุธู…ุชูƒ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชูƒู„ู†ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠ ู†ูุณูŠ ุทุฑูุฉ ุนูŠู†.
– ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ูƒู† ุจู†ุง ุฑุคูˆูุง ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุนุทูˆูุง ูˆุฎุฐ ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒ , ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู‚ูˆู…ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุงุนูˆุฌุฌู†ุง , ูˆ ุฃุนู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชู‚ู…ู†ุง ูˆ ุฎุฐ ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุฅุฐุง ุนุซุฑู†ุง , ูˆูƒู† ู„ู†ุง ุญูŠุซ ูƒู†ุง
ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู‚ูˆุงู„ู‡ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡:

” ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก ุฅู„ูŠ ุฃู…ู…ู‡ู… ุนุทูŠุฉ ูˆ ู†ุจูŠู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ูˆ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุทูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุทูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญุจูˆุจูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุณู„ู… ุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฑุญู…ุฉ ู…ู‡ุฏุงู‡.”

ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…
( ุฃู†ุง ุณูŠุฏ ูˆู„ุฏ ุงุฏู… ูˆ ู„ุง ูุฎุฑ) ุฃูŠ ู„ุง ุงูุชุฎุฑ ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุงูุชุฎุฑ ุจุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ุชุนุงู„ูŠ.

ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฑุญู‡ ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ุตู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…
” ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุธู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุธู„ู‡ ูŠูˆู… ู„ุง ุธู„ ุฅู„ุง ุธู„ู‡ ”
” ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงุฏู„ ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ู…ุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ุฃูŠ ุฑุฌู„ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ู…ุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุด ูุงู† ุงู„ุนุฑุด ู…ุณุฌุฏ ู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† , ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎุงู„ูŠุง ููุงุถุช ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ ุฃูŠ ุฎุงู„ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุŒ ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ ุชุตุฏู‚ ุจุตุฏู‚ู‡ ูุฃุฎูุงู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุฃุฎูุงู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰

ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ” ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ุธู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฃุฑุถู‡” ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุนุงุฏู„ุง ูˆ ุฃู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฌุงุฆุฑุง ูู‡ูˆ ุธู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูุณ.

ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุธู„ ู‚ุจุฑ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุงุก ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจู„ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุญุชู‰ ูƒุงู† ุนุงู… 706ู‡ู€.(1307ู…) ูุฒุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุงู† ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุถุฑูŠุญุง ูˆ ู‚ุจุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุดุฃ ู„ู‡ ู…ุณุฌุฏุง ุญุณู†ุง ูˆ ุฌุนู„ ู„ู‡ ู…ู†ุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุฃูˆู‚ู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ู‡ ูˆ ุฃู‚ุงู… ู„ู‡ ุฅู…ุงู…ุง ูˆ ุฎุทูŠุจุง ูˆ ุฎุฏู…ุง ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ.

ูˆ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 882ู‡ู€. 1477ู…. ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุฃู‡ู…ู„ ูุฃุนุงุฏ ุจู†ุงุกู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑ ู‚ุฌู…ุงุด ุงู„ุฃุณุญุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑูŠ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆู„ุงูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดุฑู ู‚ุงูŠุชุจุงูŠ ูˆ ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ู‚ุจุฑุง ุจุฌูˆุงุฑ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูˆ ุฏูู† ููŠู‡ ุณู†ุฉ 892ู‡ู€.

ูˆ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1005ู‡ู€.(1596ู….)ุฌุฏุฏ ุจู†ุงุกู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุณููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฒุฑุฌู‰ .

ูˆ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1179ู‡ู€-1775ู… ูˆ ูุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุฒุงุฑ ุถุฑูŠุญ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ูุฑุฃูŠ ุถูŠู‚ู‡ ูุฌุฏุฏ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุง ุฌุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฉ ูˆ ูˆุณุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ .

ูˆ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1280ู‡ู€.(1863ู….) ู„ู…ุง ุฃุตุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏู… ูˆ ุตุงุฑุช ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู‚ุงู… ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจูƒ ุงู„ุฏุฎุงุฎู†ูŠ ุดูŠุฎ ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชุฑู…ูŠู…ู‡ ูˆ ุชุฌุฏูŠุฏู‡ ูˆ ุฃูˆู‚ู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ูุง ูˆ ุงุฎุฐ ู†ุธุงุฑ ูˆ ู‚ูู‡ ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ููŠ ุชูˆุณุนุชู‡ ุดูŠุฆุง ูุดูŠุฆุง .

ูˆ ุธู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ูุคุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ูŠุฏุงู† ูุณูŠุญ ูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ุฅู† ูŠุถู… ู…ุณุฌุฏุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุง ู„ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ูˆ ู…ุณุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจูˆุตูŠุฑูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูŠุงู‚ูˆุช ุงู„ุนุฑุด

ูˆ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ุดุงู…ุฎุฉ ุชุดู‚ ู…ุขุฐู†ู‡ุง ุนู†ุงู† ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ูŠุชูˆุณุทู‡ุง ู…ุณุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุงุญุฏ ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุทู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูˆ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุทู„ ุจุชุงุฑูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู‚ ุนู„ูŠ ุดุงุทุฆ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ูˆ ู…ูˆุฏุนุง ู„ูƒู„ ุฒุงุฆุฑ ู…ู† ุฒูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† ุนุจู‚ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ูˆ ุณุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†.

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Bio: Sh. Ahmad al-Badawi

Sh. Ahmad al-Badawi

ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจุฏูˆูŠ
d. 675 H. in Tanta, Egypt
radiya Allah anhu

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

1. Damas Cultural Society View original page (2007)
2. Letters (from Aisha Bewley’s homepage external links: [1] [2] [3]
3. Biographical note from dar-sirr.com (see below)

Biographical note from dar-sirr.com
The second most widespread Sufi order in Egypt after the Shadhiliya order, founded by the Moroccan sharifian Shaykh Sidi Abul Hassan Shadhili (d. 656/1241), is that of the Badawiya Brotherhood, founded by another Moroccan, the most popular luminary in Egyptian Sufism, the Rifaite master Sidi Ahmed Badawi al-Fasi. His disciples in Egypt number in hundreds of thousands, and the main religious festival (mawlid) held in his honour each year in the Nile Delta city of Tanta, where he lived and died, attracts more than two million Egyptians. Shaykh Sidi Ahmed Badawi al-Fasi, whose family had emigrated from Fez to the East, spent his youth in Mecca among the bedouin and won a reputation as a daring horseman and courageous knight. While still a young man, he experienced a spiritual transformation, devoting himself to the transformation and to meditation. Sidi Ahmed al-Fasi travelled to southern Iraq, where he received training in the way of the Rifaiya, named after the Hassanid sharif Sidi Ahmed Rifai (d. 678/1236), at the hand of great master Sidi Ahmed ibn Ali Rifai. Sent to Egypt by his master upon the death of the Rifaiya representative in Egypt, Sidi Ahmed al-Fasi settled in Tanta and quickly acquired a large following that ranged from vast numbers of ordinary Egyptians to Mamluk amirs. The Mamluks were the newly empowered slave rulers of Egypt, who were to reign in Cairo and serve as patrons and protectors of one of the most glorious phases of Islamic civilisation for more than four hundred years. The Mamluks almost invariably allied themselves as a ruling establishment to the Sufi orders as institutions out of personal conviction and a quest for legitimacy. Sufism was not simply a popular religious attitude to be supported, but I many cases a spiritual discipline to be persuaded personally. Sidi Ahmed al-Fasi lived in Tanta for forty-one years, during which time he received divine permission (idhn) to establish his own order independent of the Rifaiya. Many miracles have been attributed to him, before and after his death, as a vehicle for God’s grace (fadl), and he is viewed as one who may intercede in heaven for the ordinary believer.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Imam al-Sha’rani: Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (PDF) – View | Download
2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya: View book | Download | Chapter [8] (see below)

[8]ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠ([1])
(…- 675)

ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู…ุฌุฐูˆุจุŒ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุจู‘ูŽุฉ ู…ู† ุตุงููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุŒ ุจุญุฑู ุงู„ูุชูˆุญุŒ ูˆุณุงูƒู† ุงู„ุณุทูˆุญุŒ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑู‘ู ุงู„ู…ู…ู†ูˆุญุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ูุชู‰ุŒ ุณุงูƒู† ุทู†ุฏุชุงุŒ ู…ู† ู„ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุญุงุฑ ุฏูˆูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠุŒ ูุงุฑุณู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑุตูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงู† ุงู„ุญุณูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุŒ ุงู„ุทุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุญุณุจุŒ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุซู‘ูŽู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏู ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ุนูุฑู ุจุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠ ู„ูƒุซุฑุฉู ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุชู„ุซู‘ูŽู…ู.

ู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ุจูุงุณ ุญุฑุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู‘ู ุจุงุณ.

ูˆุญุฌู‘ูŽ ุฃุจูˆู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุตุญุจุชู‡ุŒ ูุชููˆููŠ ููŠ ู…ูƒู‘ูŽุฉุŒ ูุจู‚ูŠ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ูˆุฅุฎูˆุชู‡ุŒ ูู†ุดุฃ ุจู…ูƒู‘ูŽุฉ ูˆุชุฑุจู‘ู‰ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุฎูˆู‡ ุงู„ุชุฒูˆูŠุฌ ูุงู…ุชู†ุนุŒ ุซู… ุญูŽุฏูŽุซูŽ ู„ู‡ ุญุงู„ูŒ ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูุชุบูŠู‘ูŽุฑุช ุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ูุŒ ูˆุงุนุชุฒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆู„ุฒู… ุงู„ุตู…ุชุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุฅู„ุง ุจุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉุŒ ุซู… ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู…ู‡: ุฃู†ู’ ุณูุฑู’ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทู†ุฏุชุงุŒ ูˆุจูุดู‘ูุฑูŽ ุจุญุงู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡. ูุณุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฃุฎูˆู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุญุณู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูุฏุฎู„ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŽ ูˆุจุบุฏุงุฏุŒ ูˆุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุญุณู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒู‘ุฉุŒ ูˆุชุฎู„ู‘ูŽููŽ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏุŒ ูˆุณุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทู†ุฏุชุง ู…ุณุฑุนู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฑ ุณูŠู‘ูุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ ูˆุตูŽุนูุฏูŽ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู‘ูุทูˆุญุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑูŽ ูŠุตูŠุญุŒ ูˆูŠููƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุญ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูŽุทูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ู„ุง ูŠุชู†ุงูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุทุนุงู…ู‹ุง ูˆู„ุง ุดุฑุงุจู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดุงุฎุตูŒ ุจุจุตุฑู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก.
ูˆู…ูƒุซูŽ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑูˆุญู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู‘ูุทูˆุญ ุงุซู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุนุงู…ู‹ุง.

ูˆุญุฌู‘ูŽ ูˆุฒุงุฑ ุฌุฏู‘ูŽู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ูˆู‚ููŽ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุถุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู‡ู‘ูŽุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุดุฃ ูŠู‚ูˆู„:

ุฅู†ู’ ู‚ูŠู„ ุฒูุฑุชู… ุจู…ุง ุฑุฌุนุชู… * ูŠุง ุฃูƒุฑู…ูŽ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูุณู„ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„

ูุฑุฏู‘ูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุจุญุถุฑุฉู ุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุฏ:

ู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฑูŽุฌุนู†ุง ุจูƒู„ู‘ู ุฎูŠุฑู * ูˆุงุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ูุฑุนู ุจุงู„ุฃูุตูˆู„

ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฏุงูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ.
ูƒุงู†ุช ุตูุชู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุญู„ูŽ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุทูˆูŠู„ูŽ ุงู„ุฐู‘ูุฑุงุนูŠู†ุŒ ูƒุจูŠุฑูŽ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ุŒ ุทูˆูŠู„ูŽ ุงู„ู‚ุงู…ุฉุŒ ู‚ู…ุญูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุฃู‚ู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ู([2])ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ููŠู‡ ุดุงู…ุชูŠู†.
ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชูŒ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุดูู‡ุฑุชู‡ ุชุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃุตุญุงุจูŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุดุทุญุงุชูŒ ูˆู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุงุช.

ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุงุก ุงุซู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุฎู…ุณู ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆุณุช ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆุฏููู† ุจู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…. ู†ูุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุฏู‘ู†ุง ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

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Maqam of Sheikh Ahmad al-Badawi in Tanta, Egypt

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Bio: Sh. Ahmad ibn  Ajiba

Sayyidi Shaykh Ahmad ibn Ajiba al-Hasani

ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
d. 1224 H. (1809 CE) East of Tetuan

๏ทฝ

Sh. Ahmad Ibn ‘Ajiba took the Shadhili Path from Sh. M. ibn Ahamd al-Buzidi (d. 1228)

English

Sayyidi Ahmad b. `Ajiba al-Hasani
From: Kuhin, Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyya, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

He is the noble scion and inheritor of tremendous feats. He is the axis of the circle of greatest sainthood, the springhead of secrets of the folk of ultimate reality, the shaykh of the two paths, and the supporting pillar of the two groups. He is the supreme saint and the illustrious succour, our liege and master Ahmad b. ‘Ajiba al-Hasani al-Idrisi al-Shadhili al-Fasi. [1]

He was one of the masters of stability, who in the beginning of his affair, received instruction in the sciences of sacred law. He would wear fine clothes and inclined towards the Sufi Path. He scooped the lights of the path and received the secrets of ultimate spiritual reality from his teacher, the unparalleled gem of the Sufis, Sayyidi Muhammad al-Buzaydi. He taught him the covenants, litanies and formulas of remembrance, and said to him, ‘O Ahmad, 0 my, son, the conditions of the spiritual path with us are truthfulness and love.’ Ibn `Ajiba relates that he said to him, ‘O my master, we would love you to write this down on a piece of paper.’ His teacher did this. `So when I was alone’, Ibn ‘Ajiba continues, ‘I looked at the piece of paper and read what was on it, whereupon a spiritual illumination descended upon me at once, and I became one of the folk of ultimate realities and stability.’

He โ€” may Allah be pleased with him and may He please him โ€” reached the station of gnostics by his truthfulness and love. When the doors of illumination were opened for him, he removed his fine clothes that he was previously accustomed to wear. The summoner of lovers called him out, saying, ‘What is this state, Ibn ‘Ajiba?’ Lights were thus poured over him, and he donned a tattered garment and a waistcloth, hanging a rosary [subha] and a scabbard around his neck, as was the custom of the spiritually elite. He began to roam about the markets with his scabbard hung on his neck, wearing his tatters and subha, while loudly crying, ‘Allah, Allah, what strangeness is this?’ If knowledge would have made him dispense with the spiritual state, Ibn ‘Ajiba would not have hung the scabbard.

His state remained unchanged until he attained what was decreed for him. He spoke about the secrets of the beneficiaries of spiritual perfection and bared unusual sciences and wonderful secrets. The people of the Maghrib concurred on the fact that he was one of Allah’s Friends, and sought his blessing by kissing his hand. Delegations paid him visits. His glance โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” was an elixir. If someone he knew came to him or met with him, he would raise him on to the arena of ‘the good actions of the active doers of good are the evildoings of those brought near to Allah’ [2],until he gained plentiful followers and disciples.

Whoever peruses his commentary on the Hikam (Iqaz al-Himam fi Sharh al-Hikam) will realize his worth and status with his Lord. He authored this commentary on al-Hikam al-Ata’iyya pursuant to an instruction by someone who could not be opposed in his request, namely, the unique exemplar of the Shadhili Order, his teacher who successfully convoyed him to the chain of lights, Sayyidi Muhammad al-Buzaydi. Sayyidi Ibn ‘Ajiba โ€” may his secret be sanctified โ€” said: ‘The bulk of this commentary which I have written down consists in nothing but divine gifts. I would, in fact, write down a given aphorism without knowing how to comment on it. I would then pause in need of Allah’s knowledge to inspire my pen.’

He penned several original works and commentaries. Among them is Qawa`id al-Tashawwuf fi Haqa’iq al-Tasawwuf. He also wrote an exegesis of the apparent and hidden meanings of the Qur’an (al-Bahr al-Madid fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Majid). He โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” said in its regard: ‘When I wanted to say something about its exegesis or something else, I would exposit some words and then become absent from my self. I would feel as if the words came forth from me involuntarily, as if they were a cloud. As a result, sciences and wisdoms issued forth from me. One day, an elderly man was in our company and heard that, so he remarked, “By Allah, I have attended the gatherings of both scholars and virtuous people, but by Allah, I have never witnessed the like of these jewels and pearls I see coming from Sayyidi Ahmad b. ‘Ajiba.” This was all due to the blessing of keeping the company of our spiritual guides. May Allah reward them splendidly on our behalf!’

In his commentary on the words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, {Indeed, Allah and His angels bless the Prophet…} [Sura al-Ahzab: 56], he writes:

As for the prayer on him ๏ทบ taking the place of a spiritual guide and leading the disciple to the stations of annihilation [fana’] and subsistence [baqa’], until his reality and practice of the sacred law are congruent, this is not the case. This is because the frivolities of the ego, in fact, are not severed except by an exernal issuer of commands and prohibitions and by someone who has knowledge of the machinations and treachery of the ego. The extent of what be attained through prayers on Allah’s Messenger ๏ทบ, if one cannot get of a guide, is to become annihilated in the Attributes, and attain the station of supreme virtue. Extraordinary events and saintly miracles manifest at the hands of such a person, and he becomes a possessor of spiritual states. If, however, he does reach the station of annihilation, his devotion to the sacred law will be greater than his spiritual reality.

That is what we have experientially tasted and heard from our guides, and this is the path we have seen them resorting to and which we have taken from them. According to this way, they instruct the committed disciple whom they deem eligible for spiritual training to invoke the Supreme Name and become annihilated in it, until all his worlds vanish away. If his annihilation is actualized, and he becomes absent from his self and outward form, they return him to the station of subsistence, at which stage they instruct him to send prayers on the Prophet ๏ทบ so that his prayers on him ๏ทบ might be complete: praying upon his ๏ทบ spirit and secret without any veil, and beholding him at every moment, just as he beholds His Lord.

This is why the beginning of the Shadhili Path is the end of other spiritual paths, and its end is actualization of the truth; so understand.
His books โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret and benefit us by him โ€” outwardly exhibit the effusions of the perfected people of gnosis. He was in fact gifted the capacity to express the secrets of Allah’s people and reached the stations of the knowers of their Lord, until he was deemed to be the qutb of his age and the matchless star thereof.

His words โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” are of a sublime nature. He unravelled the obscure matters of the Sufis, exposited those aspects of their secrets which were hard to fathom, and uttered things which dazzled intellects.

He โ€” may Allah sanctify his secret โ€” died in the middle of the thirteenth century H. [3] His mausoleum in Morocco is well-known. People turn to Allah through him, seeking the fulfilment of their needs and relief from their griefs. May Allah nourish us by his spiritual sustentation, benefit us through him and make us follow in his footsteps, amin.

Footnotes:
[1] For his biography, see al-Yawaqith al-Thamina, according to which he died around AH 1266, whereas the correct date is Shawwal AH 1224. In Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din al-Tu`mi, he is named as Ahmad b. Muhammad b. al-Mahdi Ibn ‘Ajiba.
[2] Reported by ‘Ali al-Qari in al-Asrar al-Marfu’a, al-Shawkani in al-Fawa’id al-Majmu’a and al-Ajluni in Kashf al-Khafa’.
[3] In Tabaqat al-Shidhiliyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din al-Tu`mi (p. 41), it is said that he passed away among the Moroccan tribe of Banu Salman, in the house of his guide al-Buzidi, during the latter’s lifetime, in AH 1224, and was buried in Zammij among the Anjariyya tribe.

Source: Muhammad b. Qasim al-Kuhin, Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [55] online
[55] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ([1])
(…- ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† 13)

ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุญุณูŠุจุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุจุน ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุนู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆุบูˆุซู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ.
ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูŠู„ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุงู„ุญุณู†ุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ ูุฃุฎุฐ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ูุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุจูˆุฒูŠุฏูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู‚ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนู‡ูˆุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูƒุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุฃุญู…ุฏุŒ ูŠุง ูˆู„ุฏูŠุŒ ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉ. ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ู†ุญุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒุชุจ ู„ู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ูƒุงุบุฏ. ู‚ุงู„: ููƒุชุจ ู„ูŠ ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ูˆุช ุจู†ูุณูŠุŒ ู†ุธุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุงุบุฏ([2])ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃุชู ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ููุชุญ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุตุฑุช ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†.

ูˆุจู„ุบ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุตุฏู‚ู‡ ูˆุญุจู‡ุŒ ูุฎู„ุน ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซูŠุงุจุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูุชุญุช ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจุŒ ูˆู†ุงุฏุงู‡ ู…ู†ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุจุงุจ: ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูŠุง ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉุŸ ูุฃููŠุถุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ูุงุฑุชุฏู‰ ู…ุฑู‚ุนุฉ ูˆุฅุฒุงุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‚ ุณุจุญุชู‡ ูˆู‚ุฑุงุจู‡([3]) ููŠ ุนู†ู‚ู‡ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ ู…ุนู„ู‚ู‹ุง ู‚ุฑุงุจู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ู‚ู‡ุŒ ู„ุงุจุณู‹ุง ู„ู…ุฑู‚ุนุชู‡ ูˆุณุจุญุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุชู‡: ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฃุด ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูŠุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุจ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ.

ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุงู„ ู…ุง ู†ุงู„ุŒ ูˆุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ุŒ ูุฃุจุฏู‰ ุนู„ูˆู…ู‹ุง ุบุฑูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ุนุฌูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุฌู…ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ูˆู„ุงูŠุชู‡ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุจุฃุณุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชุจุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุชู‚ุจูŠู„ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ุจู„ุช ุงู„ูˆููˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ู†ุธุฑู‡ ุฅูƒุณูŠุฑู‹ุง([4])ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุชุงู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู‡ ู…ู† ูŠุนุฑูู‡ ูŠุฑู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู† ยซุญุณู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุจุฑุงุฑ ุณูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุจูŠู†ยปุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูƒุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุชุจุงุน ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูˆู†.
ูˆู…ู† ูŠุทุงู„ุน ุดุฑุญู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ยซุงู„ุญูƒู…ยป ูŠุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ูˆู…ูƒุงู†ุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุฑุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุดุฑุญู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ยซุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉยป ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู† ู„ุง ุชุณุนู‡ ู…ุฎุงู„ูุชู‡ ูุฑุฏ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ูˆู…ูˆุตู„ู‡ ุจุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุจูˆุฒูŠุฏูŠุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ู‚ูุฏู‘ูŽุณ ุณุฑู‡: ูˆุฌู„ู‘ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ู‚ูŠุฏู‡ ุฅู†ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจุ› ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฏุฑูŠ ู…ุง ุฃูƒุชุจูุŒ ูุฃู‚ู ู…ูุชู‚ุฑู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡.

ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุขู„ูŠู ูˆุดุฑูˆุญ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ูƒุชุงุจ ยซู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุดูˆู ููŠ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูยปุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุทู†([5])ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡: ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู†ุดุฑุน ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŒ ุซู… ู†ุบูŠุจุŒ ููƒู†ุช ู†ุญุณ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุŒ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุญุงุจุŒ ูุชุตุฏุฑ ู…ู†ูŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุญูƒู…ุŒ ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุถุฑ ู…ุนู†ุง ุฐุงุช ูŠูˆู… ุฑุฌู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณู†ุŒ ูุณู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุถุฑุช ู…ุฌุงู„ุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ูุŒ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุช ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆุงู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุจุฑูƒุฉ ุตุญุจุฉ ุฃุดูŠุงุฎู†ุงุŒ ูุฌุฒุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ุง ุฃุญุณู† ุฌุฒุงุฆู‡.

ูˆู…ู† ุชูุณูŠุฑู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„: ๏ดฟุฅูู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‡ูŽ ูˆูŽู…ูŽู„ูŽุงุฆููƒูŽุชูŽู‡ู ูŠูุตูŽู„ู‘ููˆู†ูŽ…๏ดพ [ุงู„ุฃุญุฒุงุจ: 56]: ูˆุฃู…ุง ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง -ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ- ุชู‚ูˆู… ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ููŠ ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ูู†ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุญุชู‰ ุชุนุชุฏู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ ูˆุดุฑูŠุนุชู‡ุŒ ูู„ุง ุชู†ู‚ุทุน ุฑุนูˆู†ุงุช([6]) ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุฅู„ุง ุจุขู…ุฑู ูˆู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ู…ู‹ุง ุจุฏุณุงุฆุณ ุงู„ู†ููˆุณ ูˆุฎุฏุนู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠุธูุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ูู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุชุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุงู„ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆุชุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ูˆุฎูˆุงุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ูู†ุงุกุŒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุดุฑูŠุนุชู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฐู‚ู†ุงู‡ ูˆุณู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุดูŠุงุฎู†ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฏุฑูƒู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฃู…ุฑูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู† ุฑุฃูˆู‡ ุฃู‡ู„ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฃู† ูŠู„ุชุฒู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุŒ ูˆูŠูู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชู†ุนุฏู… ุนูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุชุญู‚ู‚ ูู†ุงุคู‡ุŒ ูˆุบุงุจ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุฑุณู…ู‡ุŒ ุฑุฏูˆู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุกุŒ ูˆุญูŠู†ุฆุฐ ูŠุฃู…ุฑูˆู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุ› ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ุตู„ุงุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุตู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุญู‡ ูˆุณุฑู‡ ุจู„ุง ุญุฌุงุจุŒ ูˆูŠุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุฑุจู‡.

ุฃู‚ูˆู„: ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ูุงูู‡ู….

ูˆุชุขู„ูŠูู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆุงุฆุญ ู†ูุซุงุช ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ู„ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูุนุทูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฏุฑูƒ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุฑุจู‡ู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุนูุฏู‘ูŽ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู†ุŒ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู†.
ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุนุงู„ุŒ ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆููƒ ุทู„ุงุณู… ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุชูƒู„ู… ุจู…ุง ุฃุจู‡ุฑ ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู†.

ุชูˆููŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุชูˆุณู„ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุชุŒ ูˆุฏูุน ุงู„ูƒุฑุจุงุชุŒ ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุซุฑู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.


([1]) ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุจุบุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ. ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุจู†ุช ุงู„ุญุงูุธ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุบุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ุฏุงุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ุจุบุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ: ุนุงู„ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุจุบุฏุงุฏ. ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุชุงุจ ยซู…ุดูŠุฎุฉยป ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก. ู…ูุณุฑ ุตูˆููŠ ูˆู„ุฏ ุณู†ุฉ 1160 ู‡ู€ ูˆุชูˆููŠ ุจุจู„ุฏุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุฑุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 1224 ู‡ู€. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (1/245)].
([2]) ุงู„ูƒุงุบุฏู: ูˆุฑู‚ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ (ุฌ) ูƒูˆุงุบุฏ.
([3]) ุงู„ู‚ูุฑูŽุงูŽุจู: ุบู…ุฏ ุงู„ุณูŠู ูˆู†ุญูˆู‡.
([4]) ุงู„ุฅูƒุณูŠุฑ: ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฏู…ูˆู† ูŠุฒุนู…ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ุงู„ุฑุฎูŠุต ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู‡ุจ.
([5]) ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰: ยซุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ู…ุฌูŠุฏยป ู…ุทุจูˆุน.
([6]) ุงู„ุฑุนูˆู†ุงุชู: ุงู„ุญู…ู‚.

Maqam

From fezgardenofthesaints.wordpress.com 2013

Location Imam Ibn ‘Ajiba is buried in one of his two zawiyyas, located between Tangier and Tetouan, located not far from the road between Tangier and Tetouan, on the way to a modern day town called Melousa, in a village called Az-Zameej.


View of the village, with
the minaret of the zawiya

Zawiya courtyard

Tomb

From malikiyya.se

ajiba

Writings

Avaialbel on archive.com

ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
1- ุงู„ูุชูˆุญุงุช ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุญุซ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ
2- ุงู„ูู‡ุฑุณุฉ
3- ุฅูŠู‚ุงุธ ุงู„ู‡ู…ู… ูู‰ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุญูƒู…
4- ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ุดุฑุญ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑูˆู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู – ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆู‡ูŠู†ูŠ
5- ุดุฑุญ ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงุจู† ู…ุดูŠุด ูˆ ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
6- ู…ุนุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุชุดูˆู ุฅู„ู‰ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูˆ ูŠู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุชุงุจ ูƒุดู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุจ ุนู† ุณุฑ ู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃู„ุจุงุจ
7- ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุชุขู„ูŠู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ – ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ
8- ุชู‚ูŠูŠุฏุงู† ููŠ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
9- ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ู…ุฌูŠุฏ: https://archive.org/details/ba7r-madid

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Bio: Sh. Ahmad ibn โ€˜Uqbah al-Hadrami

Sayyidi Abu’l-ยดAbbas Ahmad b.ยดUqba al-Hadrami

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนูู‚ุจูŽุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ
b 857 – d. 895 H. (1489 CE) in Cairo

๏ทฝ

His Shaykh in the Shadhili Path was Sayyidi Sh. Yahya al-Qadiri (from the Wafa’i Masters).
He passed on the Tariqa to Sayyidi Sh. Ahmad Zarruq.
– may Allah sanctify their secrets
 

English

Sidi Abu’l-‘Abbas al-Hadrami
(d. 895/1489)
From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

He is the proof of gnostics, the shaykh of those who have arrived, the imam of instruction, and the mentor of worshippers and ascetics. He is the qutb and ghawth who was endowed with the faculty of disposal in matters, the member of the supreme circle, the imam of imams, and the succour of this Community. He is the great saint and renowned luminary, Sidi Taj ad-Din Abu’l-ยดAbbas Ahmad b. ยดUqba al-Hadrami al-Yamani al-Wafa’i, may Allah Most High purify his lofty secret.

He conjoined between law and ultimate reality, and was a person of tremendous spiritual unveiling [kashf]. Magnificent wonders and splendid norm-breaking occurances came to pass for him. He was from the folk of the impregnable secret and the ghawth of his age, disposing over all existent.

His birth took place in the land of Hadramawt. He moved to Cairo in Egypt and took it up as his place of residence. He acquired knowledge of the Sufi path and received the lights of ultimate reality from his guide and mentor Sidi Mawlay al-Sharif Abu al-Siyadat Yahya al-Qadiri b. Wafa b. Sayyidi Shihab al-Din Ahmad b. Wafa, the son of the great qutb Sidi Abu’l-Tadani Muhammad Wafa.

Sayyidi Yahya, the noble scion [sharif] was from those regaled with divine bounty in abundance, and enjoyed acceptance by the elite and the commonality, clearly articulating and making plain what lay in the loci of intellection and comprehension. He was endowed with a Muhammadi station. Sayyidi Yahya โ€” may Allah be pleased with him and may He please him โ€” passed away on Wednesday, 8 Rabi’ II 857 H., and was buried next to his brother in the section reserved for his ancestors, our masters Banu al-Wafa. O Allah, benefit us by them and make us actualize the truth by following them submissively.

After Sidi Abu’l-ยดAbbas had taken the path from his spiritual guide, a mystical illumination was granted to him. As a result, people approached him and sought blessing by sitting in his presence. His followers multiplied and his benefit spread.

He was wont to attend the circles of knowledge of scholars, and they, in turn, attended his, until he became the peerless savant of his age, in knowledge and action, and in Word and spiritual state alike.

What occured to his disciple, Sidi Ahmad Zarruq, is an example of the momentuous events and intuitions that transpired fort he shaykh. It took place when Sidi Ahmad Zarruq arrived from Morocco. Our master Abu’l-‘Abbas said to his students, ‘Let us go to Bulaq [1] to meet your Moroccan brother’, to which they then set out and arrived at marina. There, they saw Ustadh Ahmad Zarruq alighting from the boat he had travelled on, and who then met with our master Abu’l-‘Abbas. He informed the latter of what had occured to him in the company pf ‘Abdullah al-Makki. [2] Our master Abu’l-‘Abbas said to him: ‘What you received from him was fine; there is no harm in that.’ He then took Sidi Ahmad Zarruq with him to Cairo, instructed him in knowledge of Sufi covenants and litanies, and entered him into the solitary retreat [khalwa]. Sidi Ahmad remained therein for a number of days until our master Abu’l-‘Abbas, while sitting in a circle of instruction with his disciples, stretched our his hand and screamed. He then instructed his students, saying, ‘Go to your Moroccan brother, since the blind serpent has caused the solitary retreat to crush down on him.’ (He said this is a reference to ‘Abdullah al-Makki, who was a blind man.) His students hastened to the place our master Zarruq’s retreat, and found the debris [of the building] upon him. They took him out safely from under the building, with nothing harmful befalling him by the permission of Allah Most High. The hand of our master Abu’l-‘Abbas, however, broke in the process. He said to Zarruq, ‘Allah rescued you from this blind bane, and he no longer has any authority ober you.’ Our master ‘Abdullah al-Makki had in fact stretched out his hand to dispose of our master Ahamad Zarruq from the city of Fez, out of his jealous attachment [ghayra] to him, and consequently wrecked the solitary retreat for him. Allah, however, delivered him through the blessing of our liege Abu’l-‘Abbas, and guarded him from his former guide.

Many other saintly miracles and astonishing spiritual unveilings sprung forth from him.

Our master Abu’l-ยดAbbas al-Hadrami โ€“ may Allah be well satisfied with him โ€“ died in Cairo sometime after AH 800, and was laid to rest in the greater Shadhili graveyard. O Allah, support us and our dear ones by his spiritual sustentation and benefit us through him and his secrets, amin.


Footnotes:

[1] It is an area in Cairo, still known in our days by that name. It appears from the context of the speech that in that age it was regarded as being situated somewhere outside the city of Cairo itself as it was then known and understood.
[2] He was the one responsible for overseeing and guiding Zarruq’s incipient steps in Sufism, back in Morocco. In other narrations of this story, which have slight variances, his former guide is called Muhammad al-Zaytuni. See Muhammad bin ‘Askar’s Dawrat al-Nashir.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya
2. From msobieh.com

1. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [31] online

[31] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ (…- 857)

ุญุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏุŒ ูˆุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุงุฏุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุบูˆุซุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชุตุฑู ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฆู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฆูŠ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ.

ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฌุงู…ุนู‹ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ูˆู‚ุงุฆุน ุนุธูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุฎูˆุงุฑู‚ ุนุงุฏุงุช ุฌุณูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฒู…ู†ู‡ ุบูˆุซู‹ุง ู…ุชุตุฑูู‹ุง ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช.
ู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุจู„ุงุฏ ุญุถุฑู…ูˆุชุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏู… ู…ุตุฑุŒ ูุงุณุชูˆุทู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ูˆู…ุฑุจูŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุงุช ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠ ุจู† ูˆูุง ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุดู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ูˆูุง ุจู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุชุฏุงู†ูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡. ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ู…ู† ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุถู„ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ูˆุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ู…ุนุฑุจู‹ุง ุนู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู‡ุงู…ุŒ ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู….

ูˆุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุงุก ุซุงู…ู† ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ุณุจุน ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูˆุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุจู…ุดู‡ุฏ ุฃุณู„ุงูู‡ ุณุงุฏุงุชู†ุง ุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆูุงุŒ ุจุฌุงู†ุจ ุฃุฎูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุญู‚ู‚ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชุจุนูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู….

ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุฃู‚ุจู„ุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุจุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุซุฑุช ุฃุชุจุงุนู‡ ูˆุนู… ุงู†ุชูุงุนู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุถุฑ ู…ุฌุงู„ุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆุชุญุถุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูˆุญุฏ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู…ู‹ุง ูˆุนู…ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุญุงู„ู‹ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ู‹ุง.

ูˆู…ู† ูˆู‚ุงุฆุนู‡ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงู‚ุนุชู‡ ูˆูƒุดูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญุตู„ุช ู„ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู„ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู‡: ุงู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูˆู„ุงู‚ุ› ู„ู…ู„ุงู‚ุงุฉ ุฃุฎูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠ. ูู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูˆู„ุงู‚ุŒ ูุฃุชูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุจุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู†ุงุฒู„ูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุŒ ูุงุฌุชู…ุน ุจู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑู‡ ุจู…ุง ูˆู‚ุน ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุฌุฑู‰ ู„ู‡ ู…ุนู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ: ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐู‡ ู…ุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‚ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉุŒ ูู…ูƒุซ ุฃูŠุงู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุจุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูƒุงู† ุฌุงู„ุณู‹ุง ููŠ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ุŒ ูู…ุฏ ูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุญุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู‡: ุงู…ุดูˆุง ู„ุฃุฎูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠุ› ูุฅู† ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠุงุก ู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุถุฑูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูู…ุดูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ููˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ุง ู…ุทุจูˆู‚ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุฃุฎุฑุฌูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุณุงู„ู…ู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃุตุงุจู‡ ุดูŠุก ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆูŠุฏ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุชุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขูุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชุณู„ุทุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠ ู…ุฏ ูŠุฏู‡ ู„ูŠุชุตุฑู ููŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู…ู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูุงุณ ุบูŠุฑุฉู‹ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูู‡ุฏู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉุŒ ูู†ุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุจุฑูƒุฉ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณุŒ ูˆุญูุธู‡ ู…ู†ู‡.

ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู…ูƒุงุดูุงุช ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ.

ุชูˆููŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจู…ุตุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰. ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ูˆุฃุญุจุชู†ุง ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ ูˆุจุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.



2. From msobieh.com

ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ู‰
( … โ€“ 857 )

ูู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ู‚ุงุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู„ูŠูƒ ุจุตุญุฑุงุก ุงู„ุนุจุงุณูŠุฉ ุนุซุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏูู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ุณุฌุฏ ูˆุฎุงู†ู‚ุงู‡ ูˆู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ุจุฑู‚ูˆู†
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุณุงุฑ ุตุญู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุชุฌุฏ ู‚ุจุชูŠู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุชู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฑุฌุงู„ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ุจุฑู‚ูˆู‚
ูˆูˆู„ุฏูŠุฉ ุซู… ุนู„ู‰ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ุชุฌุฏ ู‚ุจุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุจุฑ ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡
ูˆุงู„ุฐู‰ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุฌุฏู‰ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุจุฉ ุญุณู† ู‚ุงุณู… ูู‰ ูƒุชุงุจู‡

ุญุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุŒ ูˆุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู† ุŒ ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ุŒ ูˆุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุงุฏ ู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชุตูˆู ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุŒ ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฆู…ุฉ ูˆุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุŒ ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฆู‰ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู‰ .

ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฌุงู…ุนุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ูˆู‚ุงุฆุน ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆุฎูˆุงุฑู‚ ุนุงุฏุงุช ุฌุณูŠู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู† ูˆูƒุงู† ูู‰ ุฒู…ู†ู‡ ุบูˆุซุง ู…ุชุตูˆูุง ูู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช .

ู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡ : ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุจู„ุงุฏ ุญุถุฑู…ูˆุช ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏู… ู…ุตุฑ ุŒ ูุงุณุชูˆุทู†ู‡ุง ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุŒ ูˆุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ูˆู…ุฑุจูŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏู‰ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุงุช ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‰ ุจู† ูˆูุง ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุดู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ูˆูุง ุจู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุฃุจู‰ ุงู„ุชุฏุงู†ู‰ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู… ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุณูŠุฏู‰ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ู…ู† ุฐูˆู‰ ุงู„ูุถู„ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ูˆุงู„ุนุงู… ุŒ ู…ุนุฑุจุง ุนู…ุง ูู‰ ุงู„ุงูู‡ุงู… ุŒ ู…ุญู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… .

ุชูˆูู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุงุฑุถุงู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุงุก ุซุงู…ู† ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ุณุจุน ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูˆุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุฏูู† ุจู…ุดู‡ุฏ ุฃุณู„ุงูู‡ ุณุงุฏุงุชู†ุง ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูุง ุจุฌุงู†ุจ ุฃุฎูŠู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ู… ูˆุญู‚ู‚ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชุจุนูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู… .

ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุฃุจูˆุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุŒ ูุฃู‚ุจู„ุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุŒ ูˆุชุจุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆูƒุซุฑุช ุฃุชุจุงุนู‡ ูˆุนู… ุงู†ุชูุงุนู‡ .
ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุถุฑ ู…ุฌุงู„ุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุŒ ูˆุชุญุถุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ุฌู„ุณู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูˆุญุฏ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู…ุง ูˆุนู…ู„ุง ูˆุญุงู„ุง ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุง .

ูˆู…ู† ูˆู‚ุงุฆุนู‡ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงู‚ุนุชู‡ ูˆูƒุดูู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุฉ ุงู„ุชู‰ ุญุตู„ุช ู„ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุงุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู„ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐุชู‡ : ุฃู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูˆู„ุงู‚ ุŒ ู„ู…ู„ุงู‚ุงุฉ ุฃุฎูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจู‰ ุŒ ูู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูˆู„ุงู‚ ุŒ ูุฃุชูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุณู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจ ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุจุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู†ุงุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุŒ ูุงุฌุชู…ุน ุจู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจู‰ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑู‡ ุจู…ุง ูˆู‚ุน ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒู‰ ุŒ ู…ุง ุฌุฑู‰ ู„ู‡ ู…ุนู‡ ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูƒ ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ ุŒ ูˆุงุฎุฐู‡ ู…ุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ู‚ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏ ุŒ ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉ ูู…ูƒุซ ุฃูŠุงู…ุง ูู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุจุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูƒุงู† ุฌุงู„ุณุง ูู‰ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ูู…ุฏ ูŠุฏู‡ ุŒ ูˆุตุงุญ ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู‡ : ุฃู…ุดูˆุง ู„ุฃุฎูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจู‰ ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠุงุก ู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุง ู„ู…ุงู„ูƒู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุถุฑูŠุฑุง ุŒ ูู…ุดูˆุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชู‰ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุŒ ููˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ุง ู…ุทุจูˆู‚ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุŒ ูุฃุฎุฑุฌูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุŒ ุณุงู„ู…ุง ู…ุง ุฃุตุงุจู‡ ุดู‰ุก ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุŒ ูˆูŠุฏ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจู‰ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุช ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ : ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขูุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠุงุก ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชุณู„ุท ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒู‰ ู…ุฏ ูŠุฏู‡ ู„ุชุตุจุฑู ูู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ู…ู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูุงุณ ุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ุŒ ูู‡ุฏู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆุฉ ุŒ ูู†ุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุจุฑูƒุฉ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูˆุญูุธู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ .
ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู…ูƒุงุดูุงุช ุนุฏูŠุจุฉ

ุชูˆูู‰ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ู‰ ุจู…ุตุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุฏูู† ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ูˆุฃุญุจู†ุง ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ ุŒ ูˆุงู†ูุนู†ุงู„ ุจู‡ ูˆุจุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ ุŒ ุขู…ูŠู† ูŠุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†

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Manaqib
Manaqib
 
ุงู„ุฃุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฑููŠุนุฉ
ุชุฃู„ูŠู ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูู‰ ุณู†ุฉ 899ู‡ู€ุ›
ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ู†ุตุงุฑ.

Book by Imam Ahmad Zarruq: Manaqib al-Hadrami
about his Shaikh, Sayyidi Ahmad b. ‘Uqbah al-Hadrami
Series: ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆู‚ูŠุฉุ› 4.
Publisher: ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ: ุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฒุŒ 2008
Edition: ุท1.
Description: 95ุตุ› 24ร—17ุณู….
ISBN: 978-977-462-016-4.
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Sayyidi Shaykh Dawud b. Makhila (al-Bakhili) al-Shadhili

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ุจุงุฎู„ูŠ / ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ู…ุงุฎู„ุง
d. 732/735 H. (1331 CE) in Alexandria

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

Sayyidi Dawud b. Makhila (Al-Bakhili) (d. 732/1331)
From: Kuhin: Tabaqat Al-Shadhiliyyah Al-Kubra, translated by Ahmad Ali al-Adani as “Biographies of Prominent Shadhilis”

He is the succour of the elect, the qutb of saints, the great imam, and the illustrious scholar. He is the spiritual guide who trained novices and guided wayfarers to the Presence of the Divine. He is Sidi Sharaf al-Din Abu Sulayman Dawud b. Makhila al-Iskandari al-Shadhili, also known as al-Bakhili. [1]

He was a scholar steeped in knowledge and was among those with far-reaching impact on matters. He had the upper hand when it came to disposal of affairs in creation.

Despite being unlettered, he possessed mastery in both the outward and inward sciences. He authored extraordinary books, elucidating Sufi states, secrets, sciences and stations. They include ‘Uyun al-Haqa’iq and al-Latifat al-Mardiyya fi Sharh al-Du’a’ al-Shadhiliyya. He also wrote a commentary on Imam al-Shadhili’s Hizb al-Barr (also known as Al-Hizb al-Kabir – The Grand Invocation), and Hizb al-Bahr.

At the beginning of his affair, he was a police officer who served at the governor’s residence in Alexandria. Sitting opposite the governor, the shaykh would share a gesture with him so he may infer the accused’s guilt or innocence. If he hinted that the accused was innocent, the governor would acquit him and pardon him, but if he hinted the opposite, the governor would exact retaliation against the accused and treat him accordingly.

He was an ascetic who applied scrupulousness in matters of the din. Saints blossomed in his courtyard the way crops sprout forth from the earth. It should suffice us as an indicator to his virtues that his student was Sidi Muhammad Wafa al-Shadhili. Had nothing else been recorded in his favour, this would have been enough.

He died in Alexandria in about AH 730 [2] His mausoleum attracts visitors. The daily prayers take place in his mosque.

0 Allah, benefit us by love for him, and make us tread his spiritual path, amin.


Footnotes:
[1] See his biography in al-A’lam (2/333) and in Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyyat al-Kubra by Muhyi al-Din (p. 146).
[2] In al-A’am (2/333) and Kashf (p. 661), the year of his death is given as AH 732.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Imam al-Sha’rani: Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (PDF) – View | Download
2. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya: View book | Download | Chapter [28] (see below)
[28] ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ู…ุงุฎู„ุง([1])
(…- ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 735)

ุบูˆุซู ุงู„ุฃุตููŠุงุกุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุจู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุณู„ู‘ููƒู ู…ูุฑู‘ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุตู„ู ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒูŠู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฃุจูˆ ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ู…ุงุฎู„ุง ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.
ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุงุณุฎูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูƒู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ูƒูุจุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฌุงู…ุนู‹ุง ุจูŠู† ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุŒ ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฃูู…ู‘ููŠู‹ู‘ุงุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุคู„ูุงุช ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุดุฑุญูŽ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูˆุงู„ูŽ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุชูƒู„ู‘ูŽู…ูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ู… ูˆุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ู… ูˆู…ู†ุงุฒู„ุงุชู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒุชุงุจ ยซุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ยป ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒุชุงุจ ยซุงู„ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ููŠ ุดุฑุญ ุฏุนุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉยปุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุดุฑุญ ุนู„ู‰ ยซุญุฒุจ ุงู„ุจุฑยป ูˆุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ยซุญุฒุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑยป.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ุดุฑุทูŠู‹ู‘ุง ุจุจูŠุช ุงู„ูˆุงู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุฌู„ุณู ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ุฅุดุงุฑุฉูŒ ูŠูู‡ู…ู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆู‚ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ูุชู‘ูŽู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุจุฑุงุกุชู‡ุŒ ูุฅู† ุฃุดุงุฑูŽ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูุชู‘ูŽู‡ู…ูŽ ุจุฑุฆูŒ ุจุฑู‘ูŽุฃูŽู‡ูุŒ ูˆุนูุง ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุฃุดุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู‚ุชุตู‘ูŽ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุนุงู…ู„ู‡ ุจู…ุง ูŠุณุชุญู‚ู‘ูู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฒุงู‡ุฏู‹ุง ูˆุฑุนู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุชู†ุจุชู ุจุณุงุญุชู‡ ูƒู…ุง ุชูู†ุจุชู ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุฒู‘ูŽุฑุนูŽุŒ ูˆูŠูƒููŠู†ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุง ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ู‡ ุบูŠุฑู ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูƒูู‰.

ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุนุงู… ู†ูŠู‘ููู ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆุณุจุน ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู…ูŒ ูŠูุฒุงุฑุŒ ูˆู…ุณุฌุฏูŒ ูƒุจูŠุฑูŒ ุชูู‚ุงู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุงุฆุฑ. ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู…ุญุจุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุณู„ูƒ ุจู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ุนู…ุฑ ุจู† ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠ: ู…ู† ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุชุตูˆู ูˆูุงุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 732ู‡ู€ ู…ู† ูƒุชุจู‡ ยซูƒุดู ุงู„ุจู„ุงุบุฉยป ูˆ ยซุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ยป ู„ู„ุฒุฌุงุฌูŠุŒ ูˆ ยซู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ู‚ูŠู†ยป [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (2/333)].

Photos

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Video

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Books

Sh. Dawud b. Makhila: “Al-Latifatu al-Mardiyya fi du’a al-Shadhiliyya
ุงู„ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุดุฑุญ ุฏุนุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ
ุดุฑุญ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ู…ุงุฎู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฒุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุง.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงุนุชุฏ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠูˆุทูŠ ูˆู†ู‚ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุซู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุคู„ูู‡ ููŠ ุฑุณุงู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุซุจุชุฉ ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ูุชุงูˆุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุงูˆูŠ.

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ุงู„ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุดุฑุญ ุฏุนุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ
ู„ุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฒุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุฃุจู‰ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ู‰ ูู„ุง ูŠุนู„ู… ุดุฑุญ ุณุงุจู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ . ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆุณุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุญ ูˆุฃุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ู‰ . ูˆู…ุคู„ูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงุจุน ุฎู„ูุงุก ุณูŠุฏู‰ ุฃุจู‰ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ู‰ ุฅุฐ ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุนู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ุฏุฑู‰ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุง ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ูˆูุงุฆู‰ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ .

ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุตูู‡ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ู‰ ูู‰ ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุตู , ูƒู…ุง ูŠุนู„ู… ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจู‡ ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฏ ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุฐู‰ ุณุจู‚ ู„ู†ุง ู†ุดุฑู‡ ู…ุญู‚ู‚ุง ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ . ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุญุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุดู‡ุฏ ู„ู…ุคู„ูู‡ ุจุฑุณูˆุฎ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ูู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ.

ู†ุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ 2015

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ุชุฑุงุซ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุฑุงุซ ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุตุจ ูˆุงู„ุซุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุงุญูŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุจุนุซ ูุฎุฑ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุดู‡ุฏ ุจู…ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู ู…ู† ุญู‚ ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุดุงุฑุน ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชุตุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุชูŠุณุฑ ุฅู„ุง ู„ู…ู† ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุถุง ูˆุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดู…ูˆู„.

ูˆู…ู† ุจูˆุงูƒูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠุฑ ู„ุญุฒุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑุŒ ุจู„ ู„ุนู„ู‡ ุฃุจูƒุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠู ุนู„ูŠ ุญุฒุจ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุญุฒุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑุŒ ูู„ุง ูŠุญุถุฑู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุฃูŠ ุดุฑุญ ู„ูˆุฑุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ ุนู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุญ.

ูˆุฑูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ ู„ุง ุชู‚ุชุตุฑ ุนู„ูŠ ุณุจู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู†ูŠุŒ ุจู„ ุชู…ุชุฏ ุฅู„ูŠ ุณู…ุงุชู‡ ูƒุชุฃู„ูŠู ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุนู…ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุทุฑุญู‡ุง ู†ุณู‚ ุงู„ุญุฒุจ ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆุฑุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุฑุถูˆู†. ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุจุงู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุบูˆูŠ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ุจุงุฎู„ุง ุนู† ู†ูุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆู†ุธุฑ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ููŠ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู‚ุถูŠุชูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฒุจ ู…ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนุชุฑุถ ุจู‡ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฒุจ ูˆู‚ุงุฆู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ู…ุง: ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุนุตู…ุฉ.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุกุช ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงูˆุฏ ู‚ุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ู„ู„ู‚ุถูŠุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุณุน ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠ ูˆุชู„ู…ุณ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฅู† ุฅู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุฌุงู…ุนุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุฌู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุณูŠูˆุทูŠ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ููŠ ูุชูˆุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู “ุงู„ุญุงูˆูŠ ู„ู„ูุชุงูˆูŠ”


Sh. Dawud b. Makhila: “‘Uyun al-Haqa’iq“”
ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚

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(ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุญูƒู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃุตูˆู„ ุชุฒูƒูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ)
ุชุฃู„ูŠู ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ุนู…ุฑ ุจู† ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุจุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ/ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ู…ุงุฎู„ุง (ุชุฃู„ูŠู) ุนุงุตู… ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูƒูŠุงู„ูŠ (ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚)

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Bio: Sh. Ibn `Ata Allah al-Sakandari

Sayyidi Shaykh Ahmad Ahmad Ibn `Ata Allah as-Sakandari

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนูŽุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ุงู„ุณู‘ูŽูƒูŽู†ู’ุฏูŽุฑูŠ
d. 709 H. in Cairo
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

.

He was the student and successor of Abu al-`Abbas al-Mursi, i.e the second khalifa after Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili. – His successor in the The Shadhili Tariqa was Sh. Dawud al-Bakhili. – May Allah be pleased with them all.

Sh. Ibn ยดAta Allah was one of the great sufi imams, known as a muhaddith and Maliki jurist. He was the first to spread the Shadhili teachings in writing, and he authored many famous books such as the Hikam (Aphorisms), Taj al’Arus (Refinement of the soul) and many others.

Bio - English

Brief Biography
Biography from ‘The Key To Salvation’


Brief Biography

Ibn Ata’ Allah al-Iskandari was born in the middle of the 7th century AH/13th century CE and grew up in Alexandria during the Mamluk era. Although not much is known about his life, he had the best teachers in all branches of traditional sciences and became known as a great master of Islamic law of the Maliki School. His lifetime witnessed the great flourishing of several Sufi brotherhoods, including the Shadhiliyya, the Mawlawiyya, the Chishtiyya and the Ahmadiyya. His father was a student of Imam al-Shadhili, though it is unlikely he ever met him. Initially Ibn Ata’Allah was not so drawn to the Sufi path, preferring to concentrate his energies on jurisprudence. Yet, in spite of his early antipathies, he did become a disciple of Shaykh Abu ‘l-Abbas al-Mursi, (d. 686/1288). As his most important and principal work, the Hikam, attests, he had become a Sufi master in his own right, and was already a shaykh when al-Mursi died. He became the third great master of the Shadhiliyya order, which grew from Morocco and spread throughout North Africa and beyond. With his career as a scholar in Cairo under the Mamluks in full flourish, he died at around 60 years of age in 709 AH/ 1309 CE and was buried there in the Qarafa cemetery.



Biographical sketch of Ibn `Ata Allah al-Sakandari taken from the introduction to Ann Koury Danner’s translation of ‘The Key To Salvation’

Taj ad-Din Abuโ€™l-Fadl Ahmad b.Muhammad b. Abd al-Karim b. Ataโ€™illah as Sakandari, al-Judhami ash-Shadhili, known simply as Ibn Ataโ€™illah as-Sakandari, was born in Alexandria, Egypt, as his family tree (nisbah) indicates, about the middle of the seventh [AH] /thirteenth [CE] century. His family were renowned Maliki scholars from the Banu Judham tribe, originally from Arabia. His grandfather, Abd al-Karim (d. 612 AH/1216 AD) had distinguished himself as an expert in Fiqh, usul (principles of jurisprudence), and Arabic, having studied under the famous Abuโ€™l-Hasan al-Abyari. He had written several books, among which were al-Bayin waโ€™t-Taqrib fi Sharh at-Tahdhib, Mukhtasar at-Tahdhib, and Mukhtasar al-Mufassal, and had been very hostile to Sufism.

On the other hand, Ibn Ata’illah’s father Muhammad (death date unknown) seems to have been of a different mind and although a Faqih (scholar), he was also the disciple of the great Sufi Shaykh Abuโ€™l-Hasan ash-Shadhili (593-656AH/1197-1258AD), the founder of the Shadhili Sufi order.

As a youth, Ibn Ata’illah received a traditional Islamic education in such disciplines as Qurโ€™anic recitation, Hadith (Prophetic tradition), Tafsir (Qurโ€™anic commentary), grammar, usul, philosophy, belles-lettres, and Fiqh (jurisprudence) under some of the best and most illustrious teachers of Alexandria, in addition no doubt, to the instruction given him by his own family.

Ironically, in spite of his fatherโ€™s attachment to the Shadhili master Abuโ€™l-Hasan, Ibn Ata’illah was initially rather hostile to Sufism much like his grandfather, as he himself admits in his book Lataโ€™if al-Minan, but not for any definite reason. In fact, what precipitated his meeting with Shaykh Abuโ€™l-Abbas al-Mursi, the successor of Shaykh Abuโ€™l-Hasan was an argument with one of al-Mursiโ€™s disciples. Consequently, Ibn Ata’illah decided to see for himself who this man was after all, โ€˜a man of Truth has certain signs that cannot be hiddenโ€™. He found him holding forth on such lofty spiritual matters that he was dazzled. Ibn Ata’illah states that at that moment GOD removed whatever objections he previously had. Something had obviously touched his heart and mind, so he went home to be alone and reflect.

That was apparently the turning point for him, for shortly thereafter Ibn Ata’illah returned to visit Shaykh Abuโ€™l-Abbas al-Mursi who received him so warmly that he was embarrassed and humbled. Ibn Ata’illah states, โ€˜The first thing that I said to him was โ€œO Master, by GOD, I love youโ€. Then he answered, โ€œMay GOD love you as you love meโ€. Then Ibn Ataโ€™illah told him of various worries and sadness he had, so the Shaykh told him: There are four states of the servant, not five: blessings, trials, obedience, and disobedience. If you are blessed, then what GOD requires of you is thankfulness. If you are tried, then what GOD requires of you is patience. If you are obedient, then what GOD requires of you is the witnessing of His blessings upon you. If you are disobedient, then what GOD requires of you is asking forgiveness.

After leaving Shaykh al-Mursi, he mentions that he felt that his worries and his sadness were like a garment that had been removed. From that time in 674 AH/ 1276 AD when Ibn Ata’illah was initiated into the Shadhili order until the death of Shaykh al-Mursi twelve years later, he became his devoted disciple and says that in all those years he never heard his Shaykh say anything that contradicted the Shari’a.

What spiritual fruits he must have received cannot be known, but his development into a Sufi master capable of guiding and teaching others took place within the lifetime of his Shaykh, i.e., well within e twelve-year period before 686 AH/1288 AD. His discipline and progress in the path coupled with his great learning made him renowned as a religious authority.

Ibn Ata’illahโ€™s virtue, majestic presence, eloquence, and spiritual insights were such that he had many followers. He even performed miracles, some of which have been recorded, such as speaking from his grave to one Kamal ad-Din b. al-Hamam who had gone to the Shaykh’s tomb to recite Surat Hud. As a result, Ibn al-Hamam was counselled to be buried there. Another miracle attributed to Shaykh Ibn Ata’illah is his having been seen in Mecca at three different places by one of his disciples who had gone on Pilgrimage. When the latter returned, he asked if the Shaykh had left the country in his absence and was told no. Then he went to see him and Ibn Ata’illah asked him, โ€˜Whom did you see on this trip of yours?โ€™ The disciple answered, โ€˜O Master, I saw youโ€™. So he smiled and said, โ€˜The realized sage fills the universe. If he summoned the Qutb (Spiritual Pole), verily he would answer.โ€™

Still another miracle recorded is the story of three men on their way to attend Shaykh Ibn Ata’illahโ€™s public lecture (majlis). One said, โ€˜If I were free from the family, I would become an asceticโ€™; the second one said, โ€˜I pray and fast but I do not see a speck of benefitโ€™; and the third said, โ€˜Indeed, my prayers do not please me so how can they please my Lord?โ€™ After arriving, they heard Ibn Ata’illah discourse and in their presence he said, โ€˜There are among people those who sayโ€ฆโ€™ and he repeated their words exactly.

Ibn Ata’illah taught at both the al-Azhar Mosque and the Mansuriyyah Madrasah in Cairo as well as privately to his disciples. However, it is not known where his Zawiyah was located.

Shaykh Ibn โ€˜Ataโ€™ Allah died at around sixty years of age in the middle of Jumada II 709 AH/November 1309 AD. As befitting an eminent and learned teacher, he died in the Mansuriyyah Madrasah. His funeral procession was witnessed by hundreds of people and he was buried in the Qarafah Cemetery in Cairo in what is today called the City of the Dead, at the foot of Jabal al-Muqattam. His tomb became famous as the site of homage, visitation, prayer, and miraculous occurrences. To this day this is still the case.

This pious and extraordinary contemplative figure left behind a spiritual legacy no less impressive than those of his own beloved Shaykh, and the eminent founder Shaykh Abuโ€™l-Hasan ash-Shadhili. All the biographers refer to Ibn โ€˜Ataโ€™ Allah with illustrious titles and reverence and mention how marvellously he spoke and how uplifting his words were. In spite of the fact that he followed the Maliki madhbab, the Shafiโ€™is laid claim to him, most probably because some of his earlier teachers had been Shafiโ€™i scholars, not to mention some of his students.

Hence, his disciples could only be all the more devoted in their attachment to and love for him. Of the untold numbers of followers that Shaykh Ibn Ataโ€™ Allah had, both in Cairo, Alexandria, and elsewhere, only very few names are known. That is, doubtless, due to the fact that the Shadhilis did not advocate withdrawing from the world or wearing special clothing to distinguish themselves. They were โ€˜in the world but not of the worldโ€™, so to speak.

Espaรฑol

Uno de los grandes imams sufies, tambiรฉn conocido por ser muhaddiz, imam y jurista Maliki, Abu al-Fadl Ibn `Ata Allah al-Iskandari (d. 709) es el autor de al-Hikam (Aforismos), Miftah al-falah (La llave del รฉxito), al-Qasd al-mujarrad fi ma`rifat al-ism al-mufrad (El objetivo puro del conocimiento del Nombre รšnico), Taรฟ al-`arus al-hawi li tadzhib al-nufus (Lo mejor al respecto de la correcciรณn de las almas), `Unwan al-tawfiq fi adab al-tariq (El signo del รฉxito relacionado con la disciplina del camino), el libro biogrรกfico Lata’if fi manaqib Abi al-`Abbas al-Mursi wa shayjihi Abi al-Hasan (Las sutiles gracias en las vidas santas de Abu al-โ€˜Abbas al-Mursi y su maestro Abu al-Hasan al-Shadzili), y otros. Fue discรญpulo de Abu al-`Abbas al-Mursi (d. 686) y el segundo sucesor del fundador Sufi, el Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Shadzili.

ุนุฑุจูŠ

t.b.d.

Video

Youtube: Open

Books

He authored many books among them:

โ— Al-Hikam โ€“ The Aphorisms – ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณุงู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ – on this site

โ— Lata’if al-Minan – ู„ุทุงุฆู ุงู„ู…ู†ู† – on this site
Lata’if fi manaqib Abi al-`Abbas al-Mursi wa shaykhihi Abi al-Hasan (translated as “The subtle blessings in the saintly lives of Abu al-`Abbas al-Mursi and his master Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili”)

โ— Kitab al-Tanwiron this site

โ— Taj al-‘Arus – ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุนุฑูˆุณ – Arabic – on this site
Taj al-`arus al-hawi li tadhhib al-nufus (“The bride’s crown containing the discipline of souls”)

โ— Miftah al-Falah – ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูู„ุงุญ – The key to success – on this site

โ— Al Qasd al-Mujarrad – ุงู„ู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏ – Arabic Maktaba Madbuli
Al-Qasd al-mujarrad fi ma`rifat al-ism al-mufrad (“The pure goal concerning knowledge of the Unique Name”)

โ— ‘Unwan al-Tawfiq – ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ููŠ ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ – Arabic View PDF
`Unwan al-tawfiq fi adab al-tariq (“The sign of success concerning the discipline of the path”)

โ— and many others.

Burial Place

Ibn `Ata Allah is buried in the Qarafah Cemetery in Cairo.

Refs

ยฉ Damas Cultural Society 2007 — Latest update: 2009-05-04
Original site: damas-original.nur.nu
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desuqi

Shaykh Ibrahim al-Desuqi al-Husayni

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุณูˆู‚ูŠ
b – d. 675 H. (… CE) in Tanta
From the companions of Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili
may Allah be pleased with them

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

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ุนุฑุจูŠ

1. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya
2. From …

1. From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya Read chapter [15] online

[15] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุณูˆู‚ูŠ([1])
(…- 676)

ุงู„ู‚ุฑุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุณูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงุจู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุŒ ุฃูู„ู‘ููุชู’ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ ู…ุคู„ูุงุช ุจู„ุบุช ุญุฏู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุชุฑุŒ ุฐูƒุฑุช ู…ู† ูุถุงุฆู„ู‡ ู…ุง ู„ุง ุชุญุตุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ู‘ู ุฃู† ู…ุง ุฐููƒุฑ ูู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุทุฉูŒ ููŠ ุจุญุฑ ุฒุงุฎุฑู ุชู„ุงุทู…ุช ุฃู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุŒ ูˆุชูƒููŠู†ุง ุดู‡ุฑุชูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ุจุฃุณุฑู‡.

ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‘ูŽู‡ ู…ู† ุตุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุจูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุตุงุญุจ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ูุงุฎุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุขุซุฑ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุจุตุงุฆุฑ ุจุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ู ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู†ูุงุณู ุตุงุฏู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ู…ู…ู ุนู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุชุจู ุณู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฅุดุงุฑุงุชู ุณู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ูุญุงุชู ุฃู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ูุญุงุช ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ู…ู„ูƒูˆุชูŠุฉ.

ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ู ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏู…ู ุงู„ุฑุงุณุฎุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ู‰([2])ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุทูˆุฏ([3]) ุงู„ุฃุฑูุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏู ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุน ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุดูู ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚.

ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุธู‡ุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒู‘ ูˆุฌู„ู‘ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ูˆุฃุจุฑุฒู‡ ุฑุญู…ุฉู‹ ู„ู„ุฎู„ู‚ุŒ ูˆุฃูˆู‚ุน ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ูŽ ุงู„ุชุงู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ูˆุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ูˆุตุฑู‘ูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆู…ูƒู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ุจูŽ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู†ุŒ ูˆุฎุฑู‚ูŽ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุบูŠู‘ูŽุจุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุฌุงุฆุจุŒ ูˆุตูˆู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏุŒ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ.

ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡: ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุณู‰ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุฌุงุชู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŒ ููŠ ุญู…ู„ุงุชู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู„ู‘ู ูˆู„ูŠู‘ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠุŒ ุฌู…ูŠุนูู‡ู… ุจูŠุฏูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุบู„ู‚ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุฏูˆุณ ูุชุญุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุชุฌู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ุฑุจู‘ููŠ ู„ูŠู„ุฉูŽ ูˆู„ุงุฏุชูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„: ุบุฏู‹ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุตู… ูŠุง ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู…. ูุตู…ุช ูˆุฃู†ุง ุงุจู† ู„ูŠู„ุฉู ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ููƒูƒุช ุทู„ุงุณู…([4]) ุณูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ุนุงู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒู‘ูู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฎุงู„ูŠ.

ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡.

ูˆู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฌู…ู„ุฉู‹ ุจู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูƒ. ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุบูู„ ู‚ุท ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฅุฐุง ู…ุฑู‘ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ ู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠุจุฉูŒ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉูŒ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุฑุขู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชู‡ุงุจ ุฃุจุงู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุดูŠ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุธู‡ุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุดู‘ูŽุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ู‚ุจู„ ู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ูŠู„ ู„ู‡: ุณูŠูˆู„ุฏู ู„ูƒ ูˆู„ุฏูŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุดุฃู†ูŒ ุนุธูŠู….

ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู†ุฉ ุณุช ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆุณุช ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑุฉู ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุงู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุดุฑู‚ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุบุฑุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชุธู‡ุฑู ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชูŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฒุงุฆุฑูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุฑุงุฏูŽ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ ูุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจู€ ยซุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู†ุฉยป ู„ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุชูƒู„ู‘ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุจุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ู„ู… ุชุฎุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ุŒ ูˆุฃุจุงุญูŽ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงู„ ูˆุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ู…ุง ูŠุจู‡ุฑ ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ุŒ ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู…ุฏุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุงุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู‘ูู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุชู‘ุนู†ุง ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุฒูˆู„ ุจุฃุนุชุงุจู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

([1]) ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏ ุงู„ุฏุณูˆู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุณูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠุŒ ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู†ุฉ 676ู‡ู€ [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (2/59)].
([2]) ุงู„ุฃุณู†ูŠ: ูŠู‚ุงู„: ุณูŽู†ููŠู‘ – ุณูŽู†ุงุกู‹: ุงุฑุชูุน.
([3]) ุงู„ุทูˆุฏ: ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู….
([4]) ุงู„ุทู‘ูŽู„ู’ุณู…ู: ุฎุทูˆุทูŒ ูˆุฃุนุฏุงุฏูŒ ูŠุฒุนูู…ู ูƒุงุชุจู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฑุจุท ุจู‡ุง ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุงูƒุจ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุทุจุงุฆุน ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฌู„ุจ ู…ุญุจูˆุจ ุฃูˆ ุฏูุน ุฃุฐู‰. (ยซุงู„ู…ุนุฌู… ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠุฒยป ุต393).

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Mosque of Sh. Ibrahim al-Desuqi in Northern Tanta (wiki)
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Bio: Sh. Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi

Sayyidi Shaykh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi al-Hasani al-Idrisi

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
d. 1406 H. / 1985 CE in Damascus
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทฝ

Shaykh Ibrahim al-Ya’qoubi was one of the greatest scholars Syria saw in the past 50 years. He succeded Sheikh Muhammad al-Makki al-Kettani as the Maliki Mufti of Syria. He was also the Imam and teacher of the Omayyad Mosque. He is the khlaifa of this father, Shaykh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi, in the Shadhili silsila.

Bio

Biography by Arfan Shah View PDF | Download

Biography of Sh Ibrahim al-Yaqubi
Adapted from Nathar al-Jawahir wal-Durar
Early Life and Seeking of Knowledge
Memory
Teaching
Works
Personal traits
Passing


His lineage
Shaykh Ibrahim al-Ya`qoubi (d. 1985/1406 H.) descends from a scholarly family whose lineage goes back to the Prophet, salla Allahu ‘alayhi sallam, through his grandson Sayyiduna al-Hasan, radiya Allahu ‘anhu. His lineage goes back to Mawlay Idris al-Anwar who built the city of Fes. Mawlay Idris’ lineage is as follows: he is the son of Mawlay Idris the Great; who is the son of Sayyiduna Abdullah al-Kamil; who is the son of Sayyiduna al-Hasan, the Second; who is the son of Sayyiduna al-Hasan, radiya Allah ‘anhu; who is the grandson of the Prophet, salla Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam.

Early Life and Seeking of Knowledge
Sh. Ibrahim was born in Damascus on the night of Eid al-Adha in the year 1343 Hijri and was raised under the supervision of his father who taught him whilst he was still young the fundamentals of Aqidah and the Quran in the recitation of Warsh.

He began the study of various sciences firstly in the ‘Maktab’ of Sh. Mustafa al-Jazairi, then he was moved after some months by his father to the ‘Maktab’ of Sh. Muhammad Ali al-Hijazi al-Kaylani where he remained for around six years the duration of which he memorized most of the Quran.

He studied with the spiritual guide Sh. Muhammad al-Hashimi, the Sheikh of the Shadhili order, who resided nearby to the home of Sh. Ibrahims father. Sh. Ibrahim would accompany Sh. al-Hashimi to the Jami al-Baridi, Jami Nur al-Dinal-Shahid and the Madrassa al-Shamiyah wherein would take place circles of dhikr and learning. He memorized with him during this time ‘Nadhm Aqidah Ahl al-Sunnah’ and a portion of ‘Diwan al-Mustaghnami’. He studied with him the ‘Sharh al-Risalah’ of al-Sharnubi and al-Zarqani, and ‘Bulghah al-Salik’ in Maliki fiqh, ‘Sharh Nadhm Aqidah Ahl al-Sunnah’, ‘Miftah al-Jannah’ and ‘Risalah al-Qushayriyyah’ which took place at private lessons in his home.

He studied with him in the Umayyad mosque and other places the commentary of ‘Ibn Ashir’
by Sh. Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Kafi called ‘Al-Murshid al-Mueen’, ‘Tafsir Ibn Ajibah’, ‘Sharh al-Hikam’ of Ibn Ajibah, ‘Sharh al-Bayquniyyah’ of al-Zarqani, ‘Awarif al-Maarif’ of al-Suhrawardi, ‘Nawadir al-Usul’, ‘Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyah’, ‘Al-Hikam al-Ataiyah’ and the two Sahihs.

He was granted a general ijazah by him on the 24th of Shawwal 1379 Hijri in the rational and transmitted sciences, aswell as the litanies of the Shadhili order.

He attended with his father whilst young the lessons of the Muhaddith Sh. Muhammad Badr al-Din al-Hasani, aswell as regularly visiting and benefitting from the lessons of his uncle Sh. Muhammad al-Sharif al-Yaqubi, whose public lessons he attended in the prayer niche (mihrab) of the Maliki’s in the Umayyad mosque and his home.

He also studied with his uncle Sh. Muhammad al-Arabi al-Yaqubi in the prayer niche of the Malikis in the Umayyad mosque.

He studied the fourth volume of the work ‘Al-Durus al-Nahwiyah’ of Hisni Nasif with Sh. Muhammad Ali al-Qattan and kept the company of Sh. Hussein al-Baghjati from whom he benefitted from in the sciences of calligraphy, recitation (tajwid) and Prophetic biography (sirah).

He attended during this period of time the public lessons which would take place in the Sinaniyyah mosque by Sh. Ali al-Daqr, Sh. Hashim al-Khatib, Sh. Muhammad Shakir al-Misri better known as al-Himsi, Sh. Abd al-Majid al-Tarabishi with whom he studied ‘Multaqa al Abhur’ and ‘Maraqi al-Falah’. He studied with Sh. Abd al-Hamid al-Qabuni ‘Hidayah al-Mustafid’ and the text of ‘Ghayah wa al-Taqrib’.

He also studied with Sh. Abd al-Qadir al-Iskandari and Sh. Muhammad Barakat.

His father Sh. Ismail was his first spiritual guide and the most important of his teachers during his life. He took from the Shadhili path and benefitted from his instructions and training. He likewise took from him the Qadiri and Khalwati orders aswell, and was authorised in a number of them by him.

He benefitted from the lessons of Sh. Muhammad al-Makki al-Kattani, he studied with him in his home. He read with him the ‘Al-Arbain al-Ajluniyyah’, the ‘Sharh al-Bukhari’ of al-Qastallani, ‘Lataif al-Minan’ and ‘Ruh al-Quds’. He took from him the Shadhili Qadiri path. He also narrated from him the pattern chained narrations (musalsal) of mercy (rahmah), interlacing fingers, shaking hands and the hadith of Muadh Ibn Jabal. He was granted a lengthy ijazah by him in his handwriting in on the 24th of Shaban 1378.

He took from Sh. Muhammad al-Arabi al-Azuzi in Damascus when he came from Beirut, and
hosted him a number of times. He read with him the ‘Al-Arabin al-Ajluniyyah’ in one sitting, a number of treatise on some sciences of tasawwuf and was granted a general ijazah by him dated the 8th of Shawwal 1381.

He attended the lessons of Sh. Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Yallas al-Tilmisani at his home. He read with him ‘Subul al-Salam Sharh Bulugh al-Maram’, ‘Sharh al-Hikam’ of Ibn Ajibah, ‘Taysir al-Wusul ila Jami al-Usul’, ‘Hashiyah al-Arusi ala Sharh al-Risalah al-Qushayriyyah, ‘Sunan Ibn Majah’, ‘Idah al-Maqsud fi Mana Wahdah al-Wujud’ of Sh. Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi. He likewise attended the lessons which would take place in peoples homes in which he read ‘Dalil al-Falihin’ and ‘Al-Futuhat al-Rabbaniyyah’. He attended in his Zawiyah al-Samadiyah many of his circles of dhikr, and studied the ‘Hashiyah al-Bajuri’ on the Shamail of al-Tirmidhi and ‘Ghaliyah al-Mawaiz’. From him he took the Shadhili way and was granted an ijazah verbally.

He studied with Sh. Muhammad Salih al-Farfur ‘Tafsir al-Nasafi’ from the beginning up to Yasin. ‘Sharh Ibn Aqil’ on the Alfiyyah of Ibn Malik, ‘Sharh al-Manar’ of Ibn Malik, ‘Sharh al-Sirajiyyah’, ‘Jawahir al-Balaghah’, ‘Asrar al-Balaghah’, ‘Al-Kamil’ of al-Mubrad, ‘Tadrib al-Rawi’, ‘Risalah al-Qushayriyyah’ and attended his morning lessons on the ‘Hashiyah Ibn Abidin’, ‘Sahih al-Tirmidhi’, ‘Al-Minan al-Kubra’, ‘Sharh al-Hikam’ of Ibn Ajibah, ‘Al-Yawaqit wal-Jawahir’ and around 8 volumes from ‘Umdah al-Qari’ of al-Aini. In addition he attended his evening lessons on ‘Sharh al-Qutb al-Razi ala al-Shamsiyyah’ on logic (mantiq) by Najm al-Din al-Katibi, ‘Hashiyah al-Adawi ala Khulasah al-Hisab’ of al-Amili, ‘Hashiyah al-Bajuri ala al-Jawharah’ a number of times, ‘Sharh al-Musayarah’ of Ibn Abi Sharif. He attended after after the Asr prayer in his home the ‘Tafsir al-Kashaf’ of al-Zamakhshari and ‘Dalail al-Ijaz’ and was granted a written ijazah by him.

He studied with Sh. Abd al-Wahab al-Hafidh better known as Dibs Wazit the text ‘Multaqa al-Abhur’ in the Umayyad mosque, and attended his public lessons in the month of Ramadan. He sought an ijazah from him and was authorised with one verbally a number of times and promised a written one, but passed away before he could write it. Sh. Abd al-Wahab would say: If you wish to ask regarding a ruling in the hanafi madhab and do not find me, then ask Sh. Ibrahim al-Yaqubi in the prayer niche (mihrab) of the Malikis in the Jami al-Umawi’.

He visited Sh. Ahmad al-Harun a number of times, was given ijazah in his specific litanies.

He attended some of Sh. Muhammad Saeed al-Burhani’s lessons in the Umayyad mosque for the books ‘Al-Minan al-Kubra’ and ‘Al-Warif wal Maarif’ and took the the Shadhili path from him, and there was between both of them a close relationship.

He attended some of Sh. Muhammad Abi al-Khair al-Maydanis lessons in Dar al-Hadith for the book ‘Sharh al-Mawahib al-Laduniyyah’ of al-Zarqani, and heard from him the hadith of mercy, and took the Naqshbandi path from him. He read to him the beginning of ‘Al-Jami al-Saghir’ of al-Suyuti and was given a general ijazah by him and was promised a written one.

He studied with Sh. Nuh al-Albani at him home the ‘Risalah al-Sibt al-Mardini fi Amal bi al-Rub al-Mujib’.

He read to the Quran recitor Sh. Muhammad Sadiq Alwan the whole Quran, and read the ‘Sharh al-Jazariyyah’ and ‘Manar al-Huda’ of al-Ashmuni to him.

He studied with Sh. Muhammad Abi Yusr Abidin in a private gathering some of the treatise of Ibn Abidin and who said: My successor in fiqh and usul is Sh. Ibrahim al-Yaqubi.

He obtained numerous ijazahs other than the ones mentioned, amongst them being the ijazah from Sh. Abd al-Karim al-Saqli, Sh. Zayn al-Abidin al-Tunisi and Sh. Ali al-Boudilimi.

Memory
He memorized a large number of texts, their sum total exceeding 25,000 lines of poetry. He would cite much of them during his lessons, such as the ‘Al-Kafiyah al-Shafiyah’ of Ibn Malik and his ‘Al-Alfiyyah’. Likewise ‘Ghayah al-Maani’ of al-Baytushi, ‘Nadhm Mughni al-Labib’, ‘Lamiyah al-Afal’, ‘Muthalathath Qatrab’, ‘Nadhm Mukhtasar al-Manar’, Al-Kawakabiyah’ in Usul, ‘Maunah al-Rahman’ in Hanafi fiqh, ‘Matn Ibn Ashir’, ‘Tuhfah al-Hukkam’ better known as ‘Al-Asimiyyah’ in Maliki fiqh.

He memorized ‘Matn al-Zubad’, ‘Nadhm Matn Ghayah wal-Taqrib’ in Shafi fiqh.

He memorized ‘Al-Jawharah’, ‘Al-Shaybaniyyah’ and ‘Bad al-Amali’ in Tawhid.

In hadith terminology he memorized ‘Al-Bayquniyyah’, ‘Nadhm Nukhbah al-Fikr’ and close to half of al-Iraqi’s ‘Al-Alfiyyah’.

In Balaghah he memorized ‘Al-Jawhar al-Maknun’ of al-Akhdari and in logic (mantiq) ‘Al-Sullam’, ‘Nadhm al-Shamsiyah’ and ‘Nadh Adaab al-Bahth’ of al-Marsafi.

In inhertiance law he memorized ‘Al-Rahabiyyah’ and ‘Lamiyyah al-Jabari’, and in recitation (tajwid) ‘Al-Jazariyyah’ and ‘Tuhfah al-Atfal’.

In literature he memorized the ‘Diwan al-Hamasah’ and portions of ‘Al-Mufadalliyat’, ‘Al-Muallaqat al-Ashr’ and many of the well known odes (qasaid).

From the texts written as prose he memorized ‘Al-Risalah’and ‘Matn al-Khalil’ in Maliki fiqh. In grammar ‘Qatar al-Nada’ and ‘Shudhur al-Dhahab’. Likewise ‘Al-Sanusiyyah’, ‘Matn Nur al-Idah’, ‘Al-Manar’, ‘Aqidah al-Sheikh Arsalan’ and ‘Al-Hikam al-Ataiyyah’.

Teaching

He began teaching before reaching the age of 20 in the Jami al-Sinan Pasha. And was appointed as a teacher in the Jami Darwish Pasha in the year 1376 Hijri. Before this in 1373 he was appointed Imam in Jami al-Zaytuna and then the Jami al-Baridi and then the Umayyad mosque in the prayer niche (mihrab) of the Malikis and then the Hanafis, until the year 1390 Hijri.

He was appointed a teacher linked to the fatwa administration in the year 1378 Hijri.

He taught in the Jami al-Uthman, Shariah Secondary school, Mahad Fath al-Islami, Mahad Isaf Tullab Ulum al-Shariyyah, Madrassa al-Ghazali lil Ahdath and Madrassa Sijn Qilah Dimashq.

He performed the obligatory Hajj in the year 1392 via the land route, and this was his only Hajj.

Knowlede

Sh. Ibrahim al-Yaqubi was an expert in a number of the Islamic sciences, and firmly grounded in both the Hanafi and Maliki schools, both of which he taught. It is said that he had memorized the ‘Hashiyah Ibn Abidin’.

His lessons on Usul where those of a Mujtahid due to his vast knowledge the principles of the madhahib and their evidences. He taught ‘Al-Talwih’ a number of times, and ‘Hawashi al-Mirat’ in Usul, also ‘Al-Muwafiqat’ of al-Shatibi a number fo times and the ‘Mustasfa’ of al-Ghazali amongst other works.

His expertise in the Arabic language was evident from his teaching of ‘Mughni al-Labib’ of Ibn Hisham a number of times, likewise ‘Sharh al-Rida ala al-Kafiyah’ of Ibn al-Hajib and the commentaries of ‘Al-Alfiyah and the ‘Kitab al-Sibaway’.
.
Sh. Ibrahim also taught logic and philosophy, he taught ‘Shuruh al-Shamsiyah’, ‘Sharh al-Tahdhib’, ‘Al-Basair al-Nasiriyah’, ‘Sharh al-Maqawulat’, ‘Sharh al-Isharat’ of al-Tusi, ‘Shuruh al-Sullam’ of al-Isaghawji.

Personal Traits
He possessed an illuminating face which attracted people towards him. The humility of the scholars was evident on him, he was softly spoken and would not distinguish himself from others. He would pay his full attention to those who visited him, they would enjoy his conversation and he would not tire of them nor their questions. He would answer them clearly and in detail in the manner of a precise learned scholar. Despite this he loved solitude, he said: If it was not for knowledge and seeking it I would not have met any of the people’. Also saying that the most beloved moments to him were in a lesson where he would taste the enjoyment of the knowledge and time spent in the rememberance of Allah.

He did not seek fame nor did desire to gain it, and did not teach for worldly gain. If he taught and gave a sermon would do so seeking the pleasure of is Lord. He lived a life full of modesty and suffered hardship as he had made it all an endowment to knowledge and serving others.

He bore with patience the personal difficulties he experienced and was content with that which Allah had apportioned for him. One of his young sons died on the morning of a lesson which had been arranged in his home. He welcomed the students, taught them the lesson from ‘Al-Risalah al-Qushayriyyah’ as was his habit and treated them as a guest should be treated. When he finished the lesson he informed them of the death of his son.

He would make much rememberance of Allah in solitude and would busy himself in spiritual retreats. He would guide and train those around him with his state and actions. To him real tasawwuf was not empty words and hollow zikr, therefore he would say: Tasawwuf is acting on knowledge, Tasawwuf is good character (akhlaq), whomsoever surpasses you in akhlaq has surpassed you in tasawwuf…

He would speak for a number of hours in a clear precise manner. His way of explaining was such that he would take the most complex of issues and would present them in way which they were clearly understood, this is why his lessons were beloved to people.

He kept up to date with current schools of thought and matters which were of concern to those in the Muslim world. He would not discuss any school of thought without first studying it. He studied the Torah and Bible, the discussions and books authored in critique of other religions. He would keep up to date with the publishing of new books and new ideas.

His teachers with whom he studied honoured, loved and respected him. And would ask his view on difficult matters.

Passing Away
Sh. Ibrahim had informed his family of his death 6 months before his passing away, and he then informed them again 3 days before his death that he would be meeting his Lord on the night before the day of Jumah. He instructed them to pray over him on the Asr of Friday and asked to be buried next to his mother, and that they not do anything against the sunnah nor anything unlawful during the preparation and performance of his funeral and burial. He also asked his debts to be paid and the trusts left with him to be returned to their owners.

Sh. Ibrahim al-Yaqubi passed away on the night before the day of Jumah on the 26th of Rabi al-Awwal in the year 1406 Hijri. His eldest son Sh. Muhammad Abu al-Huda lead his funeral prayer in the grand Umayyad mosque. A large funeral procession followed respectfully to the cemetery of Bab al-Saghir where he was lowered in to his grave by his student Dr Muhammad Abd al-Latif Farfur.

A few weeks after his passing away a gathering was held in rememberance of him in the Jami al-Uthman in Damascus which was attended by numerous people of knowledge from cities all over Syria.

May Allah (the Exalted) have mercy on Sh. Ibrahim al-Yaqubi, all the scholars mentioned in this article, Sh. Ibrahims students and all of the Muslims.

_____________________________

Adapted from ‘Nathar al-Jawahir wal-Durar’
Reproduced by Courtesy of Dar al-Hadith blog
See also thefinalbrick.blogspot

What Ulama said

What the `ulama said about Sheikh Ibrahim al-Ya`qubiqaddasa Allah sirrahu
Extracted from:
Biography written by `Ali ibn Muhamad Amin Qasibati at Ma`had al-Fath, 2004

His teacher Sheikh Muhammad `Arabi al-`Azuzi, Chief of Fatwa in Libanon, used to write letters to him, in which he addressed him wordings such as:

“My dear son, the erudite scholar, the distinguished man of learning, culture and refinement, the sufi, the blessing, who mentiones (at all times the name of Allah), the Sharif, my Master Ibrahim al-Ya`qubi” etc.

and:

“I long to see your lights, and listen to your speach, which shows your perfect knowledge and attachment to your Lord.”

Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi referred to him in his ijaza to him as:

“Our liege-lord, the teacher, the erudite scholar, the Knower of Allah ta`ala, the God-fearing, my Master Ibrahim, son of my Master Ismaรญl al-Ya`qubi, who is teaching in the Darwish Pasha mosque” etc.
[These lettersย  where written when Sheikh Ibrahim was in his mid-thirties.]

His teacher Sheikh Abul Yusr `Abidin said:

“There is none like Sheikh Ibrahim al-Ya`qubiย  in the sciences of Arabic langaguage and Usul.” (i.e. `aqida).

Sheikh `Abd al-Wahhab al-Hafizh (known as “Dibs wa Zayt”, and “The younger Abu Hanifa”) said about him:

“If you want to ask about a ruling in the Hanafi madhhab, and you don’t find me, then ask. Sheikh Ibrahim al-Ya`qubi.”

Sheikh Adib al-Kilas said about him:

“The like of Sheikh Ibrahim al-Ya`qubi is someone who goes around the jewel traders of the country, and takes from each trader the most beautiful piece he has, until he has collected the most precious ones.”

Sheikh Ahmad Samadiyya said about him:

“The knowledge of Sheikh Ibrahim al-Ya`qubi is many times more than his age.”

Sheikh al-Fatih al-Kettani said about him:

“In every science, Sheikh Ibrahim was more knowledgeable than its people.”

Sheikh Sabhi al-`Aduli said about him:

“Sheikh Ibrahim has reached the level of Imam al-Suyuti in knowledge. He has mastered forty-eight (branches of) knowledge, as did al-Suyuti.”
[Note: Similar statements have been made by other shuyukh. Sayyidi Sheikh Muhammad al-Ya`qubi commented on this statement as follows: Few scholars excel in various subjects, like Imam Abu Hanifa. Scholars described Sheikh Ibrahim as one who excelled in various subjects, and he was the last to do so after Imam al-Suyuti. [1]

Sheikh `Abd al-Wakil al-Jakhdar said about him:

“He was the authority that most `ulema turned towards, and none of his colleagues reached his level.”

Notes:
[1] – Ref: bmk notes on Qawa`id al-tasawwuf, Damascus 2005

ุนุฑุจูŠ

” ูŠุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ุขุจุงุฆู‡ู… ” Interview with his son Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi: View PDF | Download

From ulamaofdamascus.wordpress.com

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡

ู‡ูˆ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุจู† ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ. ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฌุฏู‘ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ุณู†ุฉ 1263ู‡ู€. ูˆูู„ูุฏูŽ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุถุญู‰ ุณู†ุฉ 1343 ู‡ู€ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู†: ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„: ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู‚ู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุฏู‰ุก ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…, ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู‚ู†ู‡ ู…ุจุงุฏู‰ุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…, ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญูุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…, ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฌุงุฒู‡ ุจุฎุทู‡ ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ, ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูƒู‘ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชู‘ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุญุงุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูƒุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงุจูƒุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงูุญุฉ ูˆุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ุนุงุฐ ุจู† ุฌุจู„: -ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู†ูŠ ู„ุฃุญุจูƒ-, ูˆุฃุฌุงุฒู‡ ุจุฎุทู‡ ู…ุฑุชูŠู†.

ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ูุฑููˆุฑ ู…ุคุณุณ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ูˆู…ุงู‹ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„: ุดุฑุญ ุงุจู† ุนู‚ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ููŠุฉ ุงุจู† ู…ุงู„ูƒ, ูˆุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุบุฉ, ูˆุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุญุงูุธ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุจุฏุจุณ ูˆุฒูŠุช, ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฒู‡ ุดูู‡ูŠุงู‹ ู…ุฑุงุช, ูˆุชูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุฌูŠุฒ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูƒุชุงุจูŠุงู‹, ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุชู… ุฃู† ุชุณุฃู„ูˆุง ุนู† ุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุญู†ููŠ ูˆู„ู… ุชุฌุฏูˆู†ูŠ ูุงุณุฃู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ููŠ ู…ุญุฑุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠ, ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑ ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† ู‚ุฑุฃ ุจุนุถ ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† ูˆู‚ุงู„: ุฅู† ุฎู„ูŠูุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฃุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ.

ุญูุธ ู…ุชูˆู†ุงู‹ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃู„ู ุจูŠุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุงู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉ ู„ุงุจู† ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุญูŠุฏ, ุงู„ุจูŠู‚ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ, ุงู„ุฑุญุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุฆุถ. ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุน ุณู†ุงู† ุจุงุดุง, ูˆุฏุฑู‘ุณ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ , ุดุบู„ ุฅู…ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุซู… ุงู„ุญู†ููŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠ, ูˆุฏุฑู‘ุณ ูˆุฎุทุจ ู…ุฏุฉ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุนุงู…ุง ุญุฌู‘ ุงู„ูุฑุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 1392ู‡ู€ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑ, ูˆู„ู… ูŠุญุฌ ุณูˆุงู‡ุง.

ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุฑูƒ ุนุฏุฏุงู‹ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุคู„ูุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง:ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ, ุงู„ูุฑุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุญุณุงู† ููŠ ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ุงู† ูˆู‡ู…ุง ู…ุทุจูˆุนุงู†, ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ูุงุฆุถ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุฑุงุซ ูˆุงู„ูุฑุงุฆุถ, ูˆู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุธุฑุฉ. ูƒู…ุง ุญู‚ู‚ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุทูˆุทุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุงู„ุญููƒูŽู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉ, ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุงุจู†ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฏ ููŠ ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ, ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ููŠ ุดู…ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ู„ู„ุจุบูˆูŠ, ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑู‘ูˆู‚ ูˆู…ู† ู…ุฎุทูˆุทุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ูˆุถุงุก ููŠ ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑุงุก, ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ูˆู…ูŠุฒุงู† ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุธุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚, ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุซุจุช ููŠ ุฃุณุงู†ูŠุฏู‡ ูˆุดูŠูˆุฎู‡ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ุดุนุฑ, ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุจุญุงุซ ู†ุดุฑุช ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠุงุช ูˆู„ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ุทูŠู ูุฑููˆุฑ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุตูุญุงุช ู…ุดุฑู‚ุงุช ูˆุธู„ุงู„ ูˆุงุฑูุงุช ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ

ูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุฌุฐุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุคู„ู‘ูู‡ู… ู†ุญูˆู‡, ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชูˆุงุถุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุณูŽู…ู’ุชู‡ู…, ู„ูŠู‘ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ, ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ู†ูุณู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†, ูŠู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจูƒู„ู‘ูŠู‘ุชู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฑูˆู‡ ูˆูŠู…ุชู‘ุนู‡ู… ุจุฃุญุงุฏูŠุซู‡ ุงู„ุนุฐุจุฉ, ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ู‘ ู…ู†ู‡ู…, ูˆู„ุง ูŠุชู…ู„ู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุณุฆู„ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ูˆุชูุตูŠู„ ุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ู† ุงู„ุดุงููŠ. ูˆู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ูู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุจู‘ ุงู„ุนุฒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง, ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ู„ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…, ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุงุจู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃุญุฏุงู‹. ุฃุญุจู‘ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงุนุชุงู†, ุณุงุนุฉ ุฏุฑุณ ูŠุชู„ุฐู‘ุฐ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนู„ู…, ูˆุณุงุนุฉ ู†ุฌูˆู‰ ูŠู‚ุถูŠู‡ุง ุจุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰. ูƒุงู† ุดูŠูˆุฎู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฏุฑุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูŠุฌู„ู‘ูˆู†ู‡ ูˆูŠุญุชุฑู…ูˆู†ู‡ ูˆูŠุญุจูˆู†ู‡ ูˆูŠุณุฃู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฑุฃูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูƒูู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…. ูƒุงู† ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ู…ุตุงุจุงู‹ ุจุถูŠู‚ ุงู„ุตู‘ู…ู‘ุงู… ุงู„ุชุงุฌูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฑู‡ุงู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุจ. ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุฑุถู‡ ุจู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฑู‡ ู…ุชูุฑู‘ุบุงู‹ ู„ู„ุชุฃู„ูŠู ูˆุงู„ุฅูุชุงุก.

ูˆู‚ุจู„ ูˆูุงุชู‡ ุจุฃูŠุงู… ุงุฒุฏุงุฏ ู…ุฑุถู‡ ูู†ูู‚ูู„ูŽ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆุชูˆููŠ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ููŠ 26 ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนุงู… 1406ู‡ู€, ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุญูŠุซ ุบุณู‘ู„ู‡ ุฃุจู†ุงุคู‡ ูˆุตู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ู‘ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠ, ูˆุดููŠู‘ูุน ููŠ ุฌู†ุงุฒุฉ ุญุงูู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ.

ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุนุจุฏุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุจู† ุนู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุดู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑูŠ ู‚ุฏุฃู„ุจุณู†ูŠ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุนู…ุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุจูŠุชู‡ ุจุฏู…ุดู‚.

Works

Shaykh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi left behind a number of works, amongst them
Qabs Min Siyar al-Nabawiyyah
Al-Jamiยด li Shawahid Ulum al-Arabiyyah (not complete)
Al-Nur al-Faaid fi Ulum al-Mirath wal-Faraid
Miyar al-Afkar wa Mizan al-Uqul wal-Anzar on logic (mantiq)
Risalah al-Faraid al-Hisan fi Aqaid al-Iman View PDF arabic/french
Al-Kawkab al-Wada fi Aqidah Ahl al-Sunnah al-Gharra (poem)
A commentary of Bulugh al-Maram (not completed)
A poem on Adab al-Bahth wal-Munazarah
Shifa al-Tabarih wal-Adwa fi Hukm al-Tashrih Naql al-Ada – on organ transplant
Al-Tadhkirah – Collection of his chains of transmission (thabat)
Taqwim al-Nafs – Lectures on Islamic character
Qalaid al-Faraid – on literature
Al-Muhadarat fi Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim – Lessons he dictated on tafsir in Jami al-Uthman
Muยดjam al-Shuyukh wal-Aqran
Al-Aqidah al-Islamiyyah – A text on belief which he authored for students of the shariah secondary school in Damascus which he also taught them
– A versified version of Nur al-Idah (not complete) in Hanafi fiqh
– An abridgement of Sunan Ibn Majah
Diwan Shi’r

He left behind a number of treatise on the sciences of: Balaghah, al-urud, al-Wad’, Ilghaz and Usul al-Fiqh. He also has notes on a number of works.

Critical Editions
He edited a number of manuscripts, amongst them being:

-Qawaid al-Tasawwuf of Sh. Ahmad Zarruq
-Al-Hikam al-Ataiyyah which was published fpr the first time in in 1384
-Al-Anwar fi Shamail al-Nabi al-Mukhtar of al-Baghawi
-Al-Muntakhab fi Usul al-Madhab by al-Akhsekti
-Badi al-Nadham fi Usul al-Fiqh of Ibn Saati (not complete)
-Hadiyyah Ibn Imad fi Ahkam al-Salah
-Al-Haiyah al-Sanniyah fo al-Haiyyah al-Sunniyah of al-Suyuti
-Al-Fath al-Rahmani fi Fatawa al-Sayyid Thabit Abi al-Maani (second volume).

Miracles

t.b.d.

Photos




[1] family photograph (courtesy of Sheikh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi)


Sheikh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi as a young man [Ref]
[2] young: from Al-Uswatu wa al-A`lam al-Dimashiqiyya

Burial place

Refs

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Bio: Sh. Ismail al-Yaqoubi

Sayyidi Shaykh Ismail al-Yaqoubi al-Hasani al-Idrisi

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
d. 1380 H. / 1960 CE in Damascus
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทฝ

He was the grandfather of Sheikh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi, a great Wali known for his miracles. His khalwa was under in the Sinaniyya mosque in Damascus. He is buried in the cemetery of Bab Saghir in Damascs, near the tomb of Sayyiduna Shaykh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi – may Allah be pleased with them both.

English

Sayyiduna Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi about his blessed grandfather:

Burial place

Shaykh Isma’il al-Ya’qoubi (d. 1960/1380 H.)
He is buried in Maqbara Bab Saghir, 50 meters south of the pavillon of Sayyida Fatima Sughra – may Allha be pleased with him.

Love's Pilgrim (Qasida)

Love’s Pilgrim

By Shaykh Mudassir Hussain
A song in honour of the sublime spiritual Axis (Qutb) and Knower of Allah Most High, Sayyid Ismail Al Yaqoubi Al Hassani, the grandfather of Sayyid Shaykh Muhammad Al Yaqoubi:
View Youtube
play

Loved by The Prophet (s)
Revived the Sunnah
Coolness of our eyes
Shade of the Ummah

Jewel amongst the Folk
Gem amongst the Men
Warrior of his age
Rank beyond our ken

No hand above his
Said Ahmad Harun
Damascus danced to
This Yaโ€™qoubi tune

Mounted on a steed
What a sight to see
Look away or else
Tremble at the knee

Charging through the night
Armies could not catch
They tried to snare him
Their plots were no match

Oppresors beware
This land is not yours
The people of Shaam
Will sacrifice scores

Wandering Sufi
Spreading his Lordโ€™s Name
Then chose seclusion
Rejecting all fame

O grandfather Shaykh
Sayyid Ismail (r)
Help prepare us for
Munkar and Nakir


Dec 30th 2016, 30th Rabi al Awwal 1438
Vocals: Abdul Qadoos, Abdul Mateen, Shehzad Hanif, Abdul Shakoor, Eisa Qayyum
Audio: Yaseen Arlow & Shamshad Hanif

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Bio: Sh. Makin al-Din al-Asmar

Sayyidi Shaykh Makin al-Din al-Asmar

ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฑ
b 610 – d. 692 H. in Alexandria (near Sayyidi Sh. Abul ‘Abbas al-Mursi)
From the companions of Sayyidi Imam Abul Hasan al-Shadhili
qaddasa Allah Sirrahu

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

t.b.d.
 

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From Kuhin: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya View book | Download | Read chapter [19] online

[19] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฑ([1])
(610- 692)
ุงู„ู‚ุทุจู ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงุดูุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุฒ ู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฑุงุณุฎูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏู‘ุซ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฆ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุจู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฑ ู‚ูุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‘ูู‡ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ. ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงุดูุงุช ุนุฌูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ.

ู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจู‡ุง ู†ุดุฃุŒ ูˆุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†ุŒ ูˆุจุฑุน ููŠู‡ ูˆููŠ ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูˆุญุฏูŽ ุฃู‡ู„ู ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃูุณู†ุฏุชู’ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฎุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ูู†ุŒ ููƒุงู† ุดูŠุฎูŽ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช ููŠ ุนู…ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุดูุฏู‘ูŽุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆูˆูุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุงุจุฑู ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„.

ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู…ูŽ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช ูุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุงุณูŽ ู…ุฏุฉู‹ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ู‚ุฏู‘ุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุฑู‡ ูŠุฎูŠุทู ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณุŒ ูˆูŠุชู‚ูˆู‘ูŽุชู ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุทู„ุจู ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆูˆุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูŠูŽุนุฏู‘ู ูƒู„ุงู…ูŽู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุตุฏุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุก ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก ุญุงุณุจูŽ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏ ู…ู† ุฎูŠุฑู ุญู…ุฏูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฃุซู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏูŽ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุงุจูŽ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฃู†ุงุจูŽุŒ ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒ ุตุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู„.

ู‚ุงู„ ููŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูƒูŠู†ู ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฑ ุฃุญุฏู ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู„.

ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ูˆู…ูƒุงุดูุงุชุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ยซู„ุทุงุฆู ุงู„ู…ู†ู†ยป: ุฌุงุก ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ุฑุฃูŠุชู ู„ูŠู„ุฉูŽ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒู…ุง ุฃุฑุงู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉูุŒ ุฑุฃูŠุชูู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆุฑูŽ ู„ู‡ุง. ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ: ู†ูˆุฑููƒูŽ ุทูŽู…ูŽุณูŽ ู†ูˆุฑู‡ุง ูŠุง ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู†.

ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูƒูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุดู‡ุฑ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู†: ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉูŽ ุฃูŽุฑู‰ ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉู‹ ุตุงุนุฏุฉู‹ ู‡ุงุจุทุฉ ููŠ ุชู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ูˆุชุนุจุฆุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุฃูŠุช ุชุฃู‡ู‘ูุจูŽ ุฃู‡ู„ู ุงู„ุนุฑูˆุณ ู„ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู„ูŠู„ุฉูุŒ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฑุฃูŠุชูู‡ู…. ูู„ู…ู‘ูŽุง ูƒุงู†ุชู ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฑุฃูŠุชู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉูŽ ูƒุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠู‘ูุธูŽุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„: ู‡ุจู’ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง ูŠูุฑุนู‰ุŒ ุฃู…ุง ู„ูŠ ุญู‚ู‘ูŒ ูŠุฑุนู‰ุŸ

ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุงุจ ุงู„ุจุตุงุฆุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡.

ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡: ุจูŠู†ูƒู… ุฑุฌู„ูŒ ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุฃุณู…ุฑู ุงู„ู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุฃุจูŠุถู ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠูƒุงุดูู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ุน ุฃู‡ู„ูŠ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุงุดูŠ.
ูˆู…ุฑุฉู‹ ุฃูุฎุฑู‰ ู‚ุงู„ ููŠู‡: ู…ุง ุณู„ูƒุชู ุบูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ู† ุบูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ูˆุนู…ุงู…ุชู‡ ุชุญุช ู‚ุฏู…ูŠ.

ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุงู„: ุฏุฎู„ุช ู…ุณุฌุฏ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุฏู†ูŠุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏู‘ููŠู…ุงุณุŒ ููˆุฌุฏุชู ุงู„ู†ุจูŠู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู…ุฏููˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ูŠูุตู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุกุฉูŒ ู…ุฎุทู‘ูŽุทุฉุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุชู‚ุฏู‘ูŽู…ุŒ ูุตู„ู‘ูุ› ูุฅู†ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฃู…ู‘ูŽุฉ ู†ุจูŠู‘ู ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู‘ูู… ุนู„ูŠู‡. ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ุจุญู‚ู‘ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ุชู‚ุฏู‘ูŽู…ุช ุฃู†ุชุŒ ูุตู„ู‘ูŠุชูŽ. ู‚ุงู„: ูุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุญู‚ู‘ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุฅู„ุง ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุถุนูŽ ูู…ูŽู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูู…ูŠ ุฅุฌู„ุงู„ู‹ุง ู„ู„ูุธ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠู‘ูุŒ ูƒูŠ ู„ุง ุชุจุฑุฒูŽ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ู‚ุงู„: ูุชู‚ุฏู‘ูŽู…ุชู ูุตู„ู‘ูŠุช.

ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูƒูŠู† ู‚ุงู„: ุจุชู‘ู ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ูŽุฑูŽุงูุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูŠู„ุฉูŽ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉุŒ ูู„ู…ู‘ูŽุง ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฒู‘ููˆุงุฑู ูˆู‚ู…ุช ู…ุนู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ูŠุชู„ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงูˆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูˆุฑุฉ ูŠูˆุณู ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰: ๏ดฟูˆูŽุฌูŽุงุกูŽ ุฅูุฎู’ูˆูŽุฉู ูŠููˆุณูููŽ๏ดพ [ูŠูˆุณู: 58]ุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุจูˆุฑ ุฅุฎูˆุฉ ูŠูˆุณูุŒ ูุฑุฃูŠุช ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑูŽ ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุดู‚ู‘ูŽุŒ ูˆุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŒ ุทูˆูŠู„ูŒุŒ ุตุบูŠุฑู ุงู„ุฑุฃุณุŒ ุขุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูˆู†ูุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ู…ู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุจู‚ุตู‘ูŽุชู†ุงุŸ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุตุชู†ุง.

ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ู…ุถุทุฌุนู‹ุง ูˆุฃู†ุง ุณุงูƒู†ูŒ ู…ุทู…ุฆู†ุŒ ููˆุฌุฏุชู ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ุงู†ุฒุนุงุฌู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุบุชุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงุนุซู‹ุง ูŠุจุนุซู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ุจุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ู…ุช ู…ุณุฑุนู‹ุงุŒ ูุฏู‚ู‚ุชู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุงุจุŒ ูุฎุฑุฌุŒ ูู„ู…ู‘ูŽุง ูˆู‚ุนูŽ ู†ุธุฑูู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฃู†ุช ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุก ุญุชู‘ูŽู‰ ูŠุณูŠุฑูŽ ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุงุณู ุฎู„ููƒ. ูˆุชุจุณู‘ูŽู… ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ูŠุŒ ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุฌุฆุชูุŒ ูุฏุฎู„ ูˆุฃุฎุฑุฌ ู„ูŠ ูˆุนุงุกู‹ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงุฐู‡ุจ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ ู„ู‡: ู‚ุฏ ูƒุชุจุชู ุขูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ูˆู…ุญูˆุชูู‡ุง ุจู…ุงุก ุฒู…ุฒู…([2])ุŒ ูˆุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุณู„. ูุฐู‡ุจุชู ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู‚ู„ุช: ุฃุฑุณู„ู‡ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ู ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฑุŒ ูุฃุฏู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฅุตุจุนู‹ุง ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„: ู‡ุฐุง ุจุญุณุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุฉุŒ ูˆูุฑู‘ูŽุบูŽ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ู„ุฃู‡ ุนุณู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุงุฐู‡ุจ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ูŠู‡. ูุฐู‡ุจุชู ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุซู… ุนุฏุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฑุฃูŠุชู ุงู„ุจุงุฑุญุฉ ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉูŒ ุฃุชูˆู†ูŠ ุจุฃูˆุนูŠุฉู ู…ู† ุฒุฌุงุฌ ู…ู…ู„ูˆุกุฉู ุดุฑุงุจู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: ุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุนูˆุถูŽ ู…ุง ุฃู‡ุฏูŠุชูŽ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ. ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ูƒู„ุงู… ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ยซู„ุทุงุฆู ุงู„ู…ู†ู†ยป.

ูˆูƒุฑุงู…ุงุช ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู„ุง ุชูุญุตุฑุŒ ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฒู…ู†ู‡ ุดูŠุฎูŽ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู‘ูŽุงุกุŒ ู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุงุณูŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ูˆุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุขุฎุฑูˆู†.

ุชูˆููŠ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ ุจุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 692 ูˆู…ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ุจู‡ุง ุณู†ุฉ 610ุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุณูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุถุฑูŠุญู ุฃูุนุฏู‘ูŽ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ูู‡ ุซู…ู‘ูŽ ุธุงู‡ุฑูŒ ูŠูุฒุงุฑ ูˆูŠูุชุจุฑู‘ูŽูƒ ุจู‡ุŒ ู†ูุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†.

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Sayyidi Shaykh Muhammad Al-Harraq

b. 1186 – d. 1261 H. in Tetuan (… CE)
ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚

.

๏ทฝ
Took the Shadhili Tariqa from Imam al-Dirqawi

English

ุนุฑุจูŠ

See aljounaid.ma
ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ 1186-1261๏ฎช
ย ู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉ ุจู† ุณู’ุนุงุฏ
ุจุงุญุซุฉ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุจู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุงู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูˆุงู„ุจุญูˆุซ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุตุฉย ย ย 

ย ย ย  ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุจุญุฑูŒ ูˆุงุณุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ู„ุณุงู† ู†ุงุทู‚ ุจุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ุงุฌุชู…ุนุช ููŠู‡ ุญุณู† ุงู„ุฎุตุงู„ุŒ ูˆุนู„ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุดุงู…ุฎุง ูƒุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ุชุนุงู‚ุจุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฌูŠุงู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุŒย ุณู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุฉุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุตูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุชุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆู‰ ููŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุตูˆููŠ: “ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู† ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุจู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูˆูŠ”ุŒ[1]ย ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌ ู…ูˆุณู‰ ุจู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุดูŠุด ุฃุฎูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…”.[2]

ย ย ย  ูˆู„ุฏ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ ุณู†ุฉ 1186๏ฎช ูˆู†ุดุฃ ุจู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุดูุดุงูˆู†ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุนุงุด ููŠ ูƒู†ู ุฃุณุฑุฉ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู…ุชุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุฑุจู‘ุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงุฑู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ุŒ ูˆุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ ููƒุงู† ูˆุนุงุกุง ู…ู‡ูŠุฆุง ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุดุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุจู‡ ุฃุจูˆู‡ ู„ุญู…ุงุณุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุดุบูู‡ ุจุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุฐุง ูุทู†ุชู‡ ูˆุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุฏุงู‡ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู†ุฐ ุตุบุฑู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุฑุฑ ู…ุฑุงูู‚ุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑูˆูŠูŠู† ุจูุงุณุŒ ู‚ุตุฏ ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชุดุงู ู…ู† ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฃุชู…ู‘ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู‡ุŒ ูุฃุตุจุญ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุงู„ู…ุง ุฌู„ูŠู„ุงุŒ ุฐูˆ ุดู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆู…ูƒุงู†ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุญุถุฑ ู…ุฌุงู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุฃุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ูˆุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุกุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุŒ ูŠุนูŠู†ู‡ ุฎุทูŠุจุง ูˆู…ุฏุฑุณุง ุจุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏ ุงู„ุฃุนุธู… ุจุชุทูˆุงู†ุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุญูŠู† ุณู…ุน ุจุฑููุนุฉ ุดุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูˆ ู‡ู…ุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุบุฒุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู…ู‡.

ย ย ย  “ูƒุงู† ูู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฏุฑุณุง ู„ู‡ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ูˆุฃุญูƒุงู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุตูˆู„ุŒ ุชุตุฏุฑ ู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุจู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุชุทูˆุงู† ู…ุฏุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชูุน ุจุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุฎู„ู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ…ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุธุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุฐูƒุฑุงุช ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ุดู‡ุฑุฉ ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ุธู‡ูŠุฑุฉุŒ… ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู…ุชู‡ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ..ุŒ ู…ุชูˆุงุถุนุง ููŠ ู„ุจุงุณู‡..ุŒ ูˆูŠุฃูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชูŠุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ู…ุน ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑู… ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุณุงุฉโ€ฆ”ุŒ[3]ย ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ููˆุณ ุงู„ุฎุจูŠุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุณูˆุฏุฉุŒู„ู… ูŠู‡ุฏุฃ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุŒ ูุชุขู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฏุจุฑุช ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูŠุฏุŒ ูˆูŽุตูŽู„ูŽุช ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุทุนู† ููŠ ุดุฑูู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุชู„ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุตุงุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู† ุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูƒูŠุฏ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญูŠุซ “…ุณูู„ุจ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ู†ุงุตุจ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ูุชูˆู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃู† ู„ุง ูŠุชุนุงุทู‰ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡”ุŒ[4]ย ู„ูƒู† ุตุจุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญู†ุŒ ุฒุงุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุฑุจุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู…ุณูƒุง ุจู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชุณุจูŠู†ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุฏุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ ุฅู„ู‰ “ุงุดุชุบุงู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฎุฑุงุท ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…”ุŒ[5]ย ุญุชู‰ ูุงู‚ ุฃู‚ุฑุงู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุตุจุญ ุนุงู„ู…ุง ุตูˆููŠุงุŒ ู…ู† ูƒุจุงุฑ ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ุชุตูˆูุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฌู…ุนูˆุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุทู†.

ย ย ย ย  ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู„ูƒ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุทุงุจุช ุจู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู„ุงุดุช ุจุตุญุจุชู‡ ุฃุณู‚ุงู…ูู‡ุŒ ุญูŠุซ “…ู„ู‚ู‘ูŽู†ูŽู‡ู ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆุจูŠู‘ู† ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฃู…ุฑู‡ ุจุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูƒุดู ุฑุฃุณ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุจุณ ู…ุฑู‚ุนุฉุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุญุถู‘ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุซุฑุฉ ุฐููƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅุฎู„ุงุต ุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฐูู† ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ”ุŒ[6]ย ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุนุจุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูู‡ูู… ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉุŒ ูุชุฌุฑุฏ ู…ู† ุนู„ู…ู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠูุชุฎุฑ ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุบู„ุบู„ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ุฌุงุนู„ุง ุนู„ู…ู‡ ุงู„ุบุฒูŠุฑุŒ ู…ูŽุทููŠู‘ูŽุฉู‹ ู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูˆุงู„ูุฑุฏุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุนู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ุจุงุจ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู…ูุชุงุญู‡ุงุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚: “… ูู…ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุตู„ ุตุงุญุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠูุนูŽุฑู‘ูููู‡ู ู…ูŽูˆู„ุงู‡”.[7]

ย ย ย ย  ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ “ุฅู…ุงู…ุง ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุŒ ู…ูุชุถู„ุนุง ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุณุฉุŒ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุง ููŠ ูู†ูˆู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุชูุณูŠุฑ ูˆุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆูู‚ู‡ ูˆูุชูˆู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฌู…ูŠุน ูู†ูˆู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุฏุจ ูˆุงู„ุดุนุฑุ› ููƒุงุฏ ูŠู†ูุฑุฏ ุจู‡ู…ุง ููŠ ุนุตุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ุญุธู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุฃู†ุนู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุนู„ู… ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุŒ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุญู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ู„ู„ุนุจุงุฏ..ุŒ ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฃูˆุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุŒ ูˆุญุฑุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุณุงู„ูƒ”ุŒ[8]ย ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุณุณ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ: “ุฐููƒุฑุŒ ูˆู…ูุฐุงูƒูŽุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุนูู„ู…ุŒ ูˆู…ุญุจุฉ”.[9]

ย ย ย ย  ุฃู…ุง ูู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุจู‚ ููŠ ุฃู‡ู„ ุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุจุฃุดุนุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุณุงู† ุญูŽุงู„ูู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู†ูˆุงู† ูˆุฌุฏู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู†ุช ูƒู„ ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏู‡ ุญูุจู„ู‰ ุจู…ู‚ุงุตุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ ูˆุจู…ู†ุงู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุฅุฐ ุชุถู…ู†ุช ููŠ ุทูŠู‘ุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู‡ุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ูุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุดุจุซ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุŒ ุจุนุจุงุฑุงุช ูˆุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ ุชู†ูŠุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠุฏูŠ: “…ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุธู… ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฌุงู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู†ุงุจ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชุฑูƒ ู„ู†ุง ุซุฑูˆุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌูู…ุน ููŠ ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ุฎุงุต …ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุตุจุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุนุงุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุจูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ุทุนูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„”.[10]
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุฃุจูŠุงุชู‡:

ย ูˆูƒูู† ู…ููู„ูุณุง ุนู† ุฑูุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŽูˆู† ูƒูู„ูู‘ู€ู‡
ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ู‚ูŽุจูู„ ุนุงุฑูŠุง
ูˆุชูุจุตุฑ ุฑุจู‘ู‹ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุงุท ุจู…ุง ุชู€ู€ู€ุฑู‰
ูˆุชู†ุธุฑ ู†ูˆุฑุง ูุงุฆุถุง ู…ู€ู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ู€ุฉ
ย ุชูƒู† ุจุฅูู„ูŽู‡ู ุงู„ุนู€ุฑุดู ุฃุบู†ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู€ุฉู
ุจููƒุฑูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุนูŠู€ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู€ุฉ
ูˆุฌูˆุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูุฑูŠุฉ
ุชู„ูˆู† ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ุง ู„ุฅุธู‡ู€ุงุฑ ุญูƒู…ุฉ.[11]

ย ย ย  ุฃู…ุง ู…ุคู„ูุงุชู‡ ูู†ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง: “ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุดูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุญูƒู… ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุ› ูˆุฑุณุงุฆู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏู„ุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚…ุŒูƒู…ุง ุฌู…ุน ุงุจู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ู†ูˆุงุฒู„ ูˆูุชุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ูˆุชุชุจุน ุชุนุงู„ูŠู‚ู‡”ุŒ[12]ย ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูƒู… ุจู„ูŠุบุฉุŒ ูˆุชู‚ุงูŠูŠุฏ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉ.
ย ย ย ย  ู…ู† ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ ูˆุญูƒู… ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚:
โ€ขย “ุฅู†ูŠ ุฑุจุญุช ู…ู† ุจุงุจ ุงู„ูุถู„ุŒ ูู„ุง ุฃุฏู„ ุฅู„ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู…ู† ุดูŠุฎ ุฅู„ุง ูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ูŠูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุฅู„ูŠู‡.
โ€ขย ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃุญุฏุง ุจู‚ูู†ู‘ูŽุฉู ุฌุจู„ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃุชูŠุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐุช ุจูŠุฏู‡ ุงุจุชุบุงุก ู…ุฑุถุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุชุฑุบูŠุจุง ู„ู„ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡.
โ€ขย ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฃู†ูุน ู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุตุงุฏู‚ ู…ู† ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡.
โ€ขย ุฅู† ุงู„ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฑุถู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐ ู„ูŠุณ ูˆุฑุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุงุก.”ย [13]
ย 
ย ย ย  ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงุดุชู‡ุฑุช ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฌูู„ ุฑุจูˆุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู†ุŒย ูˆุณู„ูƒูˆุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุจูŠู†.
ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุงู… 1261๏ฎช ูˆุฏูู† ุจุชุทูˆุงู† ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุฒุงุฑุง ู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนุฑููˆุง ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุณู…ุนูˆุง ุจุณูŠุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุทูŠุจุฉ.
ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงู…ุด:


[1]– ุณู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ูุงุณุŒ ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚: ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ูˆุญู…ุฒุฉ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ูˆู…ุญู…ุฏ ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุŒ ุท1/2004ุŒ 1/389.
[2]– ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุจ ุจู…ุดุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠุฏูŠ (950ฺพ)ุŒ ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ู„ู„ู†ุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุนุŒ ูˆุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุจุดุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ- ุงู„ุฑุจุงุทุŒ ุท 4/2003ุŒ ุต:229 .
[3]– ุนู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุชุทุงูˆูŠู†ุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฑู‡ูˆู†ูŠุŒ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚: ุฌุนูุฑ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุŒ ุท 2003ู…ุŒ ู…ุทุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฌ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ-ุชุทูˆุงู†ุŒ ุฌ:4ุŒ ุต ุต:172-183.
[4]– ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุจุŒ ุต:230.
[5]– ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุŒ ุต:231.
[6]– ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุชุฌู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู‚ุŒ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ุŒ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚: ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุฏูŠุŒ ุท:1 /2007ุŒ ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ- ุจูŠุฑูˆุชุŒ ุต: 11.
[7]– ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุจุŒ ุต: 230.
[8]– ุนู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงูˆูŠู†ุŒ ุฌ:4ุŒ ุต ุต: 177-179.
[9]– ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุชุฌู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู‚ุŒ ุต: 4.
[10]ย – ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุจุŒ ุต: 231.
[11]ย – ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ุŒ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฏู„ุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุงุทูŠุŒ ู†ุดุฑ ูˆุชู‚ุฏูŠู…: ุงุจู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุŒ ุต: 10.
[12]ย – ู…ุนู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฃู„ูŠู ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุฑุŒ ู…ุทุงุจุน ุณู„ุงุŒ 2005ุŒ 10/3364.
[13]ย – ุนู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงูˆูŠู†ุŒ ุฌ:4ุŒ ุต:170-177.

 

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ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุงุนุฑ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุดุงุนุฑ ุตูˆููŠ ู…ู† ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ. ู„ู‡ (ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ) ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุจู† ุงู„ูุงุฑุถุŒ ูˆููŠู‡ ุชูˆุงุดูŠุญ ูˆุฃุฒุฌุงู„ุŒ ูˆ(ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ูˆู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุงุช) ููŠ ุฎุฒุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุงุท ูˆ(ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุดูŠุฉ) ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ

 

Ta'iyya

ุชุงุฆูŠุฉ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู‚
ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู

ุฃุชุทู„ุจ ู„ูŠู„ู‰ ูˆู‡ู‰ ููŠูƒ ุชุฌู„ุช

ูุฐุง ุจู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุจ ุธุงู‡ุฑ

ุฃู„ู… ุชุฑู‡ุง ุฃู„ู‚ุช ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฌู…ุงู„ู‡ุง

ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุงุฏู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ูƒ ุซู… ุฅู†

ุนุฒูŠุฒ ู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠู†ุงู„ ูˆุตุงู„ู‡ุง

ูƒู„ูุช ุจู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ูู†ูŠุช ุจุญุจู‡ุง

ูˆุบุงู„ุทุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ุจุนุฏู…ุง

ูˆุบุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุนู†ูŠ ุจุซูˆุจ ุนูˆุงู„ู…ูŠ

ุจุฏูŠุนุฉ ุญุณู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุง ู†ูˆุฑ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุง

ุชุญู„ุช ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ุจุฃุณุฑู‡ุง

ูˆุญู„ู‘ุช ุนุฑู‰ ุตุจุฑู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุตุจุงุจุฉ

ูˆู…ู† ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุดุงู‚ ูŠุจู„ุบ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰

ูˆุจูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆุงู‡ุง ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู„ุธู‰

ูˆุจุงู„ุจุญุฑู ู„ูˆ ูŠู„ู‚ู‰ ู„ุฃุตุจุญ ูŠุงุจุณุง

ุฐู‡ู„ุช ุจู‡ุง ุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ู… ุฃุฑ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง

ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃุฒู„ ู…ุณุชุทู„ุนุง ุดู…ุณ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุง

ูุบุงุจ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‰ ููŠ ู„ุทุงูุฉ ุญุณู†ู‡ุง

ูุฏุนู’ ุนุงุฐู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู… ูุฅู†ู…ุง

ูˆุฅู† ุดุฆุช ู„ูู… ููŠู‡ุง ูู„ุณุช ุจุณุงู…ุน

ูˆูƒูŠู ุฃุตูŠุฎ ู„ู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ

ูˆูƒู†ุช ุจู‡ุง ู…ุบุฑูŠ ุฃุฑุงู‡ุง ุญุจูŠุจุฉ

ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุงุฏุนูŠุช ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰

ูˆุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุนุดูˆู‚ุง ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุนุงุดู‚ุง

ุจู‡ุง ุณู…ุนุชู’ ุฃุฐู†ูŠ ูˆุฃุจุตุฑ ู†ุงุธุฑูŠ

ูˆููŠ ุญุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฑุชู’ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ูƒุคุณูู‡ุง

ูˆู…ุง ุฃุจุตุฑุชู’ ุนูŠู†ุงูŠ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุฑ ุฌุงู…ู‡ุง

ุชู„ุฃู„ุฃ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูู…ุง ุฃุฑู‰

ุฃุจุงุญ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุงุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุชูุถู„ุง

ูุฅู† ุดุฆุชู‡ุง ุตุฑูุง ุดุฑุจุช ูˆุฅู† ุฃุดุง

ูˆุฅู† ุดุฆุช ุฃุทูˆูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุทูŠุง ูˆุฅู† ุฃุดุง

ุดุฑุจุช ุตูุงุก ููŠ ุตูุงุก ูˆู…ู† ูŠุฑุฏ

ุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู† ุณุงุจู‚

ูู„ูŠ ุนุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ

ูˆู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ุชู†ุฒูŠู‡ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุญุงุฏุซ

ุฌู„ุณุช ุจูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ุชูุฑุฏ ูุงุณุชูˆู‰

ุชุฑุงู†ูŠ ุจุจุทู† ุงู„ุบูŠุจ ุฅุฐ ุฃู†ุง ุธุงู‡ุฑ

ุชุฌู„ูŠุช ู…ู† ู„ูˆุญ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู†

ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุฅุฐ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฏู‡

ุชุฌู„ูŠุช ู‚ุจู„ ุจุงุณู… ู„ูˆุญ ุงู„ู‚ุถุง ูƒู…ุง

ุชุฑุงู…ุช ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฏูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู†ูŠ

ูˆุฎู…ุฑู‰ ุฃุซุงุฑุช ูู‰ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุถูŠุงุกู‡ุง

ู…ุฏุงู… ุชุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ู‡ู… ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฏู†ู‡ุง

ุชุฑุงู‡ุง ุจุญุดูˆ ุงู„ูƒุฃุณ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฒุฌุงุฌุฉ

ุจู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ุณูˆูƒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู…ุณูƒุช ุจู‡

ุชู„ุทู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅุฐ ุณุฑู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุฑู‡ุง

ูˆู…ู† ุนุฌุจ ูƒุฃุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุฑ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง

ููŠุญุณุจู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุกูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุงู…ุฉ

ูˆู„ูˆ ุตูุช ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ุฃุจุตุฑูˆุง

ุจุฏุช ุจุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุฃุฒู‡ุงุฑ ู…ุงุฆู‡ุง

ูุฅู† ุดุฆุช ุฃู† ุชู†ููŠู‡ ูุงุชุฑูƒ ุฎูˆุงุทุฑุง

ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุชุช ู…ู† ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุญุณู† ูุงุณุชูˆุช

ูˆุทุฑ ุนู† ุญุจุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‰

ูˆูƒู† ุจู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุจุธุงู‡ุฑ

ููƒู… ุฒุงู‡ุฏ ุฃู„ู‚ุงู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุฒู‡ุฏู‡

ูˆุฐูŠ ุทุงุนุฉ ู‚ุตุช ุฌูˆุงู†ุญู‡ ุจู‡ุง

ูˆู„ู… ูŠุตู ุฒู‡ุฏ ู„ุง ูˆู„ุง ุนู…ู„ ู„ู…ู†

ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฐู‰ ูŠุฃุชู‰ ุจุจุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฑู‰

ูˆู„ู… ูŠุตู ุฃูŠ ูŠุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ู„ ุฃู…ุฑูู‡

ู„ุฃู† ูุนู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ู„ู… ู†ุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ูŽ ูุงุนู„ุง

ู„ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุฅุฎู„ุงุต ุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ุขู…ุฑ

ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุฏ ูŠูˆู…ุง ู„ุนุงู…ู„

ู„ุฃู† ุฅู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุฑุด ู‚ุฏ ุนู… ุฌูˆุฏู‡

ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฎุตุต ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูŠุฑู‰

ูˆูŠุง ุนุฌุจุง ูƒู… ุชุฏุนู‰ ุฃุญุฏูŠุฉ

ูˆู„ู…ุง ุชูƒู† ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุบุงูŠุฉ

ุฃู„ู… ุชุฑู‡ ูŠู†ู‡ู‰ ุนู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฎู„ู‚ู‡

ูุฏุน ุนู†ูƒ ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุฅู† ุฃุชูŠุชู‡ุง

ูˆุฃู„ู‚ ู„ู†ุง ุฃุฐู† ุงู„ูุคุงุฏ ู…ุตูŠุฎุฉ

ุฅุฐุง ุดุฆุช ุฃู† ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุง

ูุทู‡ุฑ ุจู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ู‚ู„ุจูƒ ุฌุงู‡ุฏุง

ูˆู…ูƒู† ุจูƒู ุงู„ุดุฑุน ุฃู…ุฑูƒ ูƒู„ู‡

ูˆุฏุน ู…ุง ู…ุถู‰ ุฅู† ุชุจุช ู„ุง ุชูƒุชุฑุซ ุจู‡

ูˆุดู…ุฑ ุฐูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุฒู… ู„ู„ู‡ ุทุงู„ุจุง

ูู…ู† ุนู…ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฏ ุจู„ ู…ู† ุนู…ุงู‡ู…

ูˆู…ู† ูŠุจุชุบ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ ุจุณูŠุฑู‡

ุจุฃู† ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู„ู„ูˆู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุจุงุทู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ

ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฐู‰

ููŠูุญุฑู…ู‡ ู…ุง ุฃู… ุฅุฐ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู†

ูุฐุง ุนุฏู… ู…ุญุถ ูˆุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุคู…ู‡

ูุณุฑ ูู‰ ุฃู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุญู‚ ู…ุณุฑุนุง

ูƒุญุฑุต ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงู„ ูˆุญุจ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ

ูˆุนุจ ุนู† ุดู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ู…ู†ูƒ ูˆูˆุตูู‡ุง

ูˆูƒู† ู…ูู„ุณุง ู…ู† ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡

ูู„ู… ูŠูุชู‚ุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุงุก ุจุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ุฐุง ุงู„ุบู†ุง

ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุงู… ู„ุง ุชู‚ู… ููŠู‡ ููƒุฑุฉ

ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุงุฑุจุง

ูˆุชุจุตุฑ ุฑุจุง ู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุงุท ุจู…ุง ุชุฑู‰

ูˆุชู†ุธุฑ ู†ูˆุฑุง ูุงุฆุถุง ู…ู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

ูˆุชุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠุณ ุจูƒุงุฆู†

ูˆุชูˆู‚ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฃุณ ุฎู…ุฑุง ูˆู„ุง ุชุฑู‰

ูˆุฃู†ูƒ ุณุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงู„ุณุฑ ุฐุงุชู‡

ูˆุฃู†ูƒ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ุซู… ูˆุงุตู„

ุชู†ุงู‡ุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุญุชุฌุจุช ุจู‡ุง

ุฃุจุช ุฃู† ุชุฑุงู‡ุง ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง

ูˆุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฅู† ุดุงุกุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุญุงู„ ู…ุง

ุจุฏุช ุจุฌู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ูƒู…ุงู„ ุตูุงุชู‡ุง

ูˆู„ู… ู„ู… ุชุฌู„ ุจุงู„ุตูุงุช ู„ู…ุง

ู„ุฃู† ุชุฌู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ูŠู…ุญู‚ ู†ูˆุฑูŽู‡

ุฃู„ู… ุชุฑู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌู„ุช ุจุฐุงุชู‡ุง

ูˆุฎุฑ ู„ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ุฏูƒ ู…ูˆุณู‰ ูƒู„ูŠู…ู‡

ู„ุฃู† ุชุฌู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ู†ูุฎุฉ ุตูˆุฑู‡ุง

ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุดุฃุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃูˆู„ุง

ูุชุฏุฑูƒ ู…ุง ู„ู… ุชุฏุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุจุนุซู‡ุง

ู„ุฃู† ู…ุฏุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ู…ู† ุนูŠู† ู†ูˆุฑู‡

ุฃู„ู… ุชุฑ ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุจุตุฑ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡

ูˆุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุนู„ูˆ ุจุงุชุตุงู„ู‡

ูˆุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠุฑูˆุง ุฌุจุฑูŠู„ ุฅู„ุง ุนุดูŠุฑู‡ู…

ููƒูŠู ูŠุฑู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฏ

ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตูˆู† ุงู„ุณุฑ ุจู„ ุณุฑ ุตูˆู†ู‡

ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุณุฑู‡

ุชุฑู‰ ุญูƒู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู†ุงูุฐุง

ุชุฑู‚ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุตุงุฑ ู„ู„ูƒู„ ุฌุงู…ุนุง

ูˆุฃุตู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุดู‰ุก ุฑุญู…ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡

ูˆุฑุญู…ุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุฃุชุชู’

ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ูŠุจุตุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง

ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู† ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู… ุฎู„ูŠูุฉ

ูู†ูˆุฑ ุณุฑู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฏ

ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุฅู†ู‡

ูู„ุง ู…ู‡ุชุฏ ุฅู„ุง ุจุฃุถูˆุงุก ู†ูˆุฑู‡

ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุตูู‡

ูู…ู† ุญูู‡ ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ูŠุฎูˆุถ ู…ู†

ูˆุชู†ู‡ู‰ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุงู… ุฑูŠุงุณุฉ

ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃุชู‰ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู†ูˆุฑ ู…ุญู…ุฏ

ูŠุฑูˆู… ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุจุงุจู‡ุง

ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ุง ุณู†ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุชู’ ุจู†ุง

ู„ู†ุญูˆ ุญู…ุงู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ูู‰ ู…ู†ุนุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰

ูู„ุฐ ุงุบุชุฑุงุจู‰ ูู‰ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุจู‰ ุญุจุงุฆุจูŠ

ุฃูˆุงุฑูŠ ุบุฑุงู…ูŠ ุนู† ู‡ูˆุฌุณ ุนุงุฐู„ูŠ

ูˆูŠุนุฐุฑู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุตูˆุงู† ุชุฌู„ุฏูŠ

ูˆู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฏุฑูŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃุฐุฑูŠ ู…ุฏุงู…ุนูŠ

ูˆุฃู† ุดุฆูˆู†ู‰ ุนู† ุดุฆูˆู†ูŠ ุนุจุฑุช

ุชูˆุณุฏู’ุช ู…ู† ุฌุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡

ูˆุฅู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุนู†ู‡ ุฎููŠุฉ

ูˆุตุงุฑ ุจุณุฑ ุงู„ุฐูˆู‚ ู…ู† ุนูŠู† ุฐุงุชู‡ุง

ูˆูˆุงูู‚ู‡ุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู‡ู…ุง ู…ุนุง

ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฐุงุช ู†ุงูู‰ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง

ูุฃุถุญู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุฑูˆู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ

ูู…ู† ู‚ุงุฆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุจ ุจุซูŠู†ุฉ

ุฑุฃูˆุง ู…ู† ุซุจุงุชู‰ ููŠ ุซุจุงุช ุชูˆู„ู‡ูŠ

ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃุจู‰ ูƒู†ู‰ ูŠูƒู† ู‡ูˆุงู‰ ุจู„

ูˆุฃุตุจุญ ุฃููˆุงู‡ุง ุชู†ุงุฌูŠ ุจูƒู„ ู…ุง

ูุฅู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุธูู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฏุนุง

ุชูŠู‚ู†ุช ุฅุฐ ู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ ู…ู†ูŠ ูƒุงุชู…

ูˆุตุฑุชู ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุณุชุฑ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุธู„ู‡ุง

ูˆุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุฌุงู‡ู„

ูˆุฃุณุฃู„ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญูŠู‘ ุนู† ุฌูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุง

ุฃุบุงู„ุทู‡ู… ููŠ ูุชู†ุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุฅู† ูุชู€

ูุฑู‚ุชูŠ ุจุฏุง ุบูŠู‡ู… ุนู† ุนูŠู†ู‡ู… ูุชูˆุงุชุฑุชู’

ูˆู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุบูŠู† ุนูŠู†ู‡ู…

ูˆุดุงู‡ุฏ ูƒู„ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุนูŠู† ุญุจู‡

ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ

ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุซู… ุณู„ุงู…ู‡

ูˆุฃุฒูˆุงุฌู‡ ูˆุงู„ุชุงุจุนูŠู† ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ู…

ูˆุชุญุณุจู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑุง ูˆุบูŠุฑูŽูƒ ู„ูŠุณุช

ููƒู† ูุทู†ุง ูุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุนูŠู†ู ุงู„ู‚ุทูŠุนุฉ

ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชู‚ู… ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ู…ู†ูƒ ุงุถู…ุญู„ุช

ุญูŽุจูŽุชูƒ ุจูˆุตู„ ุฃูˆู‡ู…ุชูƒ ุชุฏู„ุช

ุณูˆู‰ ู…ู† ูŠุฑู‰ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ

ูู„ูˆ ุฃู‚ุณู…ุช ุฅู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู„ุจุฑุช

ุชุจูŠู†ุชู‡ุง ุญู‚ุง ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุฑุฏุชูŠ

ูˆุนู† ุญุงุณุฏูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุดุฏุฉ ุบูŠุฑุชูŠ

ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒู…ู‡ ุฃุถุญู‰ ูŠุฑู‰ ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ

ูู‡ุงู… ุจู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุญูŠุซ ุญู„ุช

ูุฃุตุจุญุช ู„ุง ุฃุฑุถู‰ ุจุตููˆุฉ ุนุฑูˆุฉ

ู…ุฑุงู…ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฑุชุจุชู‰

ู„ุฐุงุจุช ู„ุธู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุฃุถุนู ุฒูุฑุชู‰

ูˆุงู„ุดู… ุฏููƒุช ูˆุงู„ุณุญุงุจ ู„ุฌูุช

ูˆู‡ู…ุช ุจู‡ุง ูˆุฌู’ุฏุง ุจุฃูˆู„ ู†ุธุฑุฉ

ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุฑุงุกุช ู…ู† ู…ุทุงู„ุน ุตูˆุฑุชูŠ

ู„ุฃู† ูƒู†ุช ู…ุดุบูˆูุง ุจู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู†ุดุฃุชูŠ

ุนุฐุงุจูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุนุฐู’ุจ ูˆู†ุงุฑูŠ ุฌู†ุชูŠ

ุฏู‡ูŠุช ูู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุชู„ูุชูŠ

ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌูŠูˆุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฒุฑุช

ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‰

ูˆู‚ุทุนุช ุฑุณู…ูŠ ูƒูŠ ุฃุตุญุญ ุญุฌุชูŠ

ู„ุฃู† ุธู‡ูˆุฑูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุฃุนุธู… ุฒู„ุชูŠ

ูุนุงูŠู†ุชู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุจุฏุช

ูุตุฑุช ุจู‡ุง ุฃุณู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฐุฑูˆุฉ

ู„ุฃู† ุฌุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุนูŠู† ุญูƒู…ุชูŠ

ุณูˆู‰ ู†ูˆุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงุฏ ูู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุฌู‡ุชูŠ

ุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ูุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑุจ ุฏูŠู†ูŠ ูˆู…ู„ุชูŠ

ู…ุฒุฌุช ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู„ ููŠ ุทูŠ ู‚ุจุถุชูŠ

ู†ุดุฑุช ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุจู†ุธุฑุชูŠ

ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ุดุฑุจุง ู„ู… ูŠุฌุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ูุถู„ุชูŠ

ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถู„ ูˆุงุณุชุฏุนุงู‡ ุญูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฆุฉ

ุจุนุฒุฉ ุฑุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู„ู… ุนุฒุชูŠ

ูˆู„ูŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุดุฑูƒุฉ

ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฑุด ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุก ู‚ุฏุฑุชูŠ

ูˆู…ุง ุซู… ุบูŠุฑูŠ ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุญูŠู† ุบูŠุจุชูŠ

ุชุฌู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุญูƒู…ุชูŠ

ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒ ูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑูŽ ุชู„ูˆูŠู† ุจู‡ุฌุชูŠ

ุชุฌู„ูŠุช ุจุนุฏ ุจุงุณู… ู†ุงุฑูŠ ูˆุฌู†ุชูŠ

ุนุฌูŠุจ ุจุฏุช ูู‰ ูƒุซุฑุชูŠ ุฃุญุฏูŠุชูŠ

ูˆุญู‚ุง ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุณุชุจุฏุช

ูˆูŠู†ุดุท ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ูุญุฉ

ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ููŠู‡ ู„ุฐุงุจ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ

ุชู„ูˆู† ูƒุฃุณูŠ ู…ู† ุชู„ูˆู† ุฎู…ุฑุชูŠ

ูุชุญุณุจู‡ุง ุดู…ุณุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฏุฑ ุฏุฑุช

ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฏุฑุฉ

ู„ุดุฏุฉ ุขูุงุช ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุจุตูŠุฑุฉ

ู„ุทุงุฆู ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุจุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ

ูˆุจุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ

ุชุฌูˆู„ ู„ููƒุฑ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุนูŠู†ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุงู„ู… ุบูู„ุฉ

ูƒู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฑู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆุซู‚ุง ู„ู… ุชูู„ุช

ูˆู„ุง ุชูƒ ูŠูˆู…ุง ุญุฐูˆ ูƒู„ ุจููƒุฑุฉ

ุชููƒุฑู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฃุชุงู‡ ุจุธู„ู…ุฉ

ูˆุนูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ู‰ ุจู„ุญุธ ุงู„ูุถูŠู„ุฉ

ูŠุฑู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ูู‰ ุฒู‡ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑู‚ุชู

ุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ุขุช ูุงุชุญ ุจุงุจ ูุชู†ุฉ

ูˆู„ู… ูŠู„ู ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุบูŠุงู‡ุจ ุฑูŠุจุฉ

ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุจูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ

ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุฅูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ ุจุฎุฏู…ุฉ

ุฅุฐุง ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุนู†ุช

ูˆู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒู† ุดูŠุก ุณูˆุงู‡ ุจู…ุซุจุช

ุดุฑูŠูƒุง ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู…ุซู‚ุงู„ ุฐุฑุฉ

ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุบุงูŠุฉ ูˆุญุฏุฉ

ููƒูŠู ุฅุฐุง ุฃุซุจุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒุซุฑุฉ

ูˆุดุฑูƒ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุซู„ูŠุซ ุจุงุฏ ุจุญุฌุฉ

ุฃุฎุง ุธู…ุฃ ูŠูˆู…ุง ุณุฑุงุจุง ุจู‚ูŠุนุฉ

ูˆุนู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู†ูŠ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุน ู„ู†ุตูŠุญุชูŠ

ูˆุชุจู„ุบ ู…ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุชูˆู„ุช

ุจุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ู„ุฌุง ูˆุงุบุณู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุนู„ุฉ

ูุฏูˆู†ูƒ ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชูุนู„ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ุณุฏุช

ูˆู„ุง ุชู„ุชูุช ููŠ ุทุงุนุฉ ู„ู…ุซูˆุจุฉ

ูˆู„ุง ุชู‚ุตุฏู†ู’ ุญุธุง ูŠุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ

ุชูˆุฌู‡ู‡ู… ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุญุธูˆุธ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุฉ

ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุชุฑุงู‡ ุฑุงุฌุนุง ุฃูŠู‘ ุฑุฌุนุฉ

ู„ู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุช

ูŠุคู… ุณูˆุงู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู†ูŠู„ ุฎูŠุจุฉ

ูˆู„ุง ูŠุตู„ู†ู’ ู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏ ู†ูŠุฉ

ูุตูู‚ุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุฎุณุฑ ุตูู‚ุฉ

ูˆูƒู† ู…ุนุฑุถุง ุนู† ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุดู†ูŠุนุฉ

ูˆูƒุซุฑุฉ ุฃุตุญุงุจ ูˆู†ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฉ

ูˆุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุชู†ู„ ูƒู„ ุฑูุนุฉ

ุชูƒู† ุจุฅู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุฑุด ุฃุบู†ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ

ูˆู„ู† ูŠุบู† ู…ู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุซุฑูˆุฉ

ูˆุฏุน ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ ููŠู‡ ู†ูุณูƒ ุญู„ุช

ุจููƒุฑูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

ูˆุฌูˆุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุฉ

ุชู„ูˆู†ูŽ ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ุง ู„ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุญูƒู…ุฉ

ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ูŠุฉ

ุณูˆุงู‡ ูู…ุง ุฃุญู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุญุจุฉ

ูˆุฃู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุจูŠู† ุตู†ุนุฉ

ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุญูุช

ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู†ุงู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ

ูˆููŠ ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฒู„ูŠุฉ

ุจู‡ ุงุญุชุฌุจุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุณุทูˆุฉ ุนุฒุฉ

ูุฃู‡ุฏุช ุจู‡ ู…ู† ุจุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฎุตุช

ุงู‡ุชุฏู‰ ู„ุนุฑูุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู‡ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‚ุฉ

ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฐุชูŠุฉ

ู„ุทูˆุฑ ูƒู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุตุฎุฑ ุฏูƒุช

ูุนุฑุถูŽ ุตุนู‚ู ุงู„ุทูˆุฑ ุนู† ุตุนู‚ ู†ูุฎุฉ

ุจู‡ ุชุจุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุทูŠู ูƒู„ ูƒุซูŠูุฉ

ุชู‡ุฏ ู†ุดุง ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ู†ูุฎุฉ ุจุนุซุฉ

ูˆูŠุนู„ู… ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุบูŠุจ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู‡ุฉ

ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู„ู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

ุชู†ุฒู„ ุญุชู‰ ูƒุงู†ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ

ูู„ู… ูŠุนู’ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุญุณู†ูŽ ุฏุญูŠุฉ

ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู…ุฉ

ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุฑู‰ ุธู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ

ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุทุฑุง ู…ู† ุณู†ุงู‡ ุงุณุชู…ุฏู‘ุช

ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ูู‰ ูƒู„ ู„ู…ุญุฉ

ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ุฃุตู„ ู†ุดุฃุฉ

ู„ุณุฑ ุฃุชู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฏูŠุฉ

ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ

ู„ุฃู† ุณุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุณุฑ ุนูŠู† ู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ

ู„ู‡ ุณุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎู„ุงู ูู‰ ูƒู„ ุจุฑุฒุฉ

ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุฎูŠุฑ ุฎู„ูŠูุฉ

ุจู‡ ุชู‡ุชุฏู‰ ู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ุจุตูŠุฑุชู‰

ุนู„ู‰ ุฐุงุชู‡ ุชุฌู„ู‰ ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ

ู„ุฃู† ู†ุนูˆุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ

ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุชุญ ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ุญุถุฑุชูŠ

ุจุญุงุฑ ุดู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ูู‰ ูƒู„ ู„ุฌุฉ

ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุณู„ูุช ููŠ ุนุฒู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุฑุชุจุฉ

ูุฃู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู‡ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุบูŠู‘ ุฒู„ุช

ูˆูŠุทู„ุจ ู‡ุฏูŠุง ุจุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุฉ

ุณู†ุงุจูƒ ุฃูุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุฉ

ูˆุตูˆู† ุดููˆู ู…ู† ุณูŠูˆู ุฃุนุฒุฉ

ูˆู‡ุงู† ุนุฐุงุจูŠ ุฅุฐ ุนุฐุงุจูŠ ุดู‚ูˆุชูŠ

ูุชูƒุดู ุนู† ุณุฑูŠ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุณูŠุฑุชูŠ

ูุชุนุฐุฑู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุจ ุนุจุฑุชูŠ

ุจุฃู† ุณุฑุงูŠุง ุงู„ุทุฑู ู…ู† ุฌูŠุด ุฑู‚ุจุชูŠ

ุฅุฐุง ุบุจุฑุช ูู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠู‡ ุฃุฎุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุฌู†ุชูŠ

ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ูู†ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุจ ููŠ ุฒูŠู‘ ู…ูŠุช

ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูู†ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุญู„ุช

ูˆู†ุงู„ ุจู‚ุงุก ุฅุฐ ุฑู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ

ูˆุฏุงู…ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ุจูŠู† ุฎูุถ ูˆุฑูุนุฉ

ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู† ู…ุซุจุช

ุฑูˆุงูŠุชู‡ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุนุดู‚ุชูŠ

ูˆู…ู† ู‚ุงุฆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนุฒุฉ

ูุฃูˆู‚ุนู‡ู… ูู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‡ู… ูู‡ู… ุชุซุจุชูŠ

ูŠุฐูŠุน ุฌูŠู…ุนุง ู„ู„ูˆุดุงุฉ ุณุฑูŠุฑุชูŠ

ู„ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุฃุณู…ุงุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู ุฅู…ุฑุชูŠ

ุณูˆุงู‡ ูˆุฐุงุน ุงู„ุณุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠ

ุจุฃู† ุงุณุชุชุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุงู… ูุถูŠุญุชูŠ

ุฃุตุงู†ุน ุนู† ุฏุฑุก ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุจุตู†ูŠุนุชูŠ

ูˆุฃู†ูƒุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑูŠ ุฎุจุฑุชูŠ

ู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุชุจุฑูŠุญูŠ ูˆุฅุทูุงุก ู„ูˆุนุชูŠ

ู€ู€ู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ู„ูŠุณุช ูู‰ ุงู„ุตุจุงุจุฉ

ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุณู‡ุงู… ุงู„ุจููŠู† ู…ู† ุนูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ

ู„ูุงุฒูˆุง ุจุชูุฑูŠุฏ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุฌู„ุช

ูˆุฃูุถู„ ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ

ูููŠู‡ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู… ุชุฑู‚ุช

ูˆุขู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฃุตุญุงุจ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู„ุญุธุฉ

ูˆุฃู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑุงุก ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู…ุฉ

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Bio: Sh. Muhammad al-Mubarak al-Hasani

Sayyidi Shaykh Muhammad al-Mubarak al-Hasani al-Idrisi

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
d. 1330 H. in Damascus
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

He was Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad al-Dillisi al-Qayrawani, whose lineage goes back to Mawlana Idris (radia Allah-u `anhu). He took the Shadhili tariqa from his brother, Shaykh Muhammad al-Tayyib, and was his khalifa (more…)

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Bio: Sh. Muhammad al-Tayyib al-Hasani

Sayyidi Shaykh Muhammad al-Tayyib al-Hasani al-Idrisi

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ
b. 1255 H. in Algeria โ€“ d. 1313 H. in Damascus
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทฝ

He was Muhammad al-Tayyib al-Dillisi al-Maliki ibn Muhammad al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad al-Dillisi al-Qayrawani, whose lineage goes back to Mawlana Idris, the founder of the city of Fas and great grandson of sayyiduna al-Hasan Sibt Rasul Allah (sall Allah-u `aleyhi wa sallam). He took the Shahdili Tariqa from Sayyidi Shaykh Muhammad ibn Mas’rd al-Fasi. He was his khalifa, and the revived of the Shadhili Path in Sham.

His Life


His familyย  came from Algeria, where they lived amongst the berbers. They were sent to guide and educate them, and they learned their language and intermarried with them. Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib was born in Dillis in Algeria around year 1255 H.

Upbringing and studies
He grew up under his father’s tutalage. Together with him he came to Damascus year 1263, in the first of a series of emmigration waves caused by the French colonial war. This was a group of about five hundred families, lead by his maternal grandfather Sheikh Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Saklawi.

As a young boy, he memorzied the Holy Quran perfectly, and learnt calligraphic hand-writing. In 1269, his father, Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib al-Kabir – rahimahu Allah – passed away, and Sheikh al-Saklawi, took him under his wing and raised him in the Khalwati tariqa.

Heย  learnt many sciences and skills under Sheikh al-Tantawi and other Maliki scholars, who gave him general ijaza. He also studied the religious sciences under many other Shuyukh โ€“ maybe the most famous of them was al-Sheikh al-Amir `Abd al-Qadir al Jaza’iri, from whom he took Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya of al-Sheikh al-Akbar, and other books on tasawwuf. [Al-Amir `Abd al-Qadir settled in Damascus in 1272. He met Sheikh Muhammad al-Fasi in Makka year 1279, and took the the Shadhili tariqa from him.]

Taking the Shadhili Path
When Sheikh Muhammad al-Fasi came to Damascus in 1282, Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib took the Shadhili tariqa from him. He devoted himself to it for a long time, after which he was given permission from Sheikh Muhamamd al-Fasi to deliver admonition and guidance to others.

In 1287, he was sent with al-Amir Sheikh `Abd Al-Qadir, together with Sheikh Muhammad al-Tantawi and some other people, to the city of Konya in Turkey, in order to compare with their copy of “Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya” with a hand-writing of its author that existed there. The two Sheikhs recited the entire book twice, and then returned and recited it again to al-Amir `Abd Al-Qadir.

Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib excelled in intelligence, good memory and fluency of the tongue. He was agreeable in his way of dealing with people, mild-tempered, abstaining from worldly things, content with litle and very generous. He was respected an accepted, and he understood the language of common people. His meetings attracted many lovers, he was always enquiring about the brothers, and encouraging them to marry. For some time, he earned his living as a book binder, until he received the permission of Sheikh Muhammad al-Fasi to devote himself to spreading the Path. Through him, the tariqa was spread and the adhkar where established, and many wayfarers entered this Path.

His main center was in the Khaydariyya zawiya, where the adhkar were regularly recited and hadras performed. After the passing of Sheikh al-Mahdi al-Saklawi – his grandfather, Sheikh and tutor, rahimahu Allah – in 1278, Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib took his place as a lecturer in Dar al-Quran al-KhayDariyya, located in the old city in Damascus, near Dar al-Hadith. He continued teaching in this Madrasa until he passed away, and his office was handed over to his brother, Sheikh Muhammad al-Mubarak. Besides this, he also had another center in Mazza, near the maqam of the sahabi sayyiduna Dihya al-Kalbi, and a third one in Zakya, one of the villages of Qura Hawran.

His successor in the Shadhili Tariqa was his brother, Sheikh Muhammad al-Mubarak, through whom it has been passed down to the Ya`qubi family.

His miracles
The people of Sham relate many of his miracles, among which are the following:

Once he was walking, together with some companions, in one of the market places of Damascus, and their presence drew the attention of people. One man then said to himself: “If it is not due to tricks and cunning crafts that this Sheikh possesses, why would these people gather around him?!” That very moment, the Sheikh turned straight towards him saying: (* Inna ba`da al-zhanni ithm*) (Certainly, someย assumptions are sinful, Q).

On one of the occasions when Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib was performing hajj, he was accompanied by the Sheikh and Reciter `Abd al-Rahim al-Dibs wa al-Zayt. Sheikh `Abd al-Rahim’s camel got lost, and with it an amount of money entrusted it to him by other people for conducting trade on their behalf. Sheikh `Abd al-Rahman was exasperated – he feared the people would accuse him of having wrongfully taken their money and means of subsistance. He went to Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib and told him what had happened, and the Sheikh supplicated for him with the following words:ย  “May Allah give you something better in return”. However, Sheikh `Abd al-Rahim insisted that he supplicate ardently for him, saying: This is people’s money. Sheikh Muhammad al-Tayyib then felt sympathy for his situation, and turned towards Allah making tawassul by His Messenger – peace be upon him and his family – by reciting the famous qasida which begins with these lines:

“Ma arsala al-Rahmanu aw yursilu”
“No Mercy That Allah has sent or will send”
<< link >>

He then turned towardsย  Sheikh `Abd al-Rahim and said to him: “You found your camel”, and within a very short while, two Arabs came and brought him the lost camel.

His poetry
His most famous qasida is

“Suluwi `an al-Ahbab”
โ€“ “Would I neglect those I love”
<< link >>

His passing and place of burial
He passed away on a Monday, the 26th of Sha`ban year 1313, and was buried near his home in Damascus

Burial place

His tomb is located on the hillside of Mazza near the maqam sayyiduna Dihya al-Kalbi. It is in a private home near what is tday Jami` al-Ra’is in Mazza, next to what was previously a mosque named after him, where he used to teach. The original mosque was demolished to give way to presidential buildings for the Asad family.

With him is buried one of his students.


Tomb stone of al-Sayyid al-Sheykh Muhammad al-Tayyib – qaddasa Allahu sirrahu – in Mazza.
(Photo: JK/Ziarat 2006)

Tomb of al-Sayyid al-Sheykh Muhammad al-Tayyib – qaddasa Allahu sirrahu – in Mazza.
(Photo: OZ/Ziarat 2006)

References


Sources:
– Tarikh `Ulema Dimashq (Article based on an interview with Sheikh Ibrahim al-Ya`qubi that took place on the 29th of Shawwal 1402)
– bmk/Ziarat 2004, 2006, 2007

ยฉ Damas Cultural Society — Latest aupdate: 2007-07-11
Original site: damas-original.nur.nu

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Bio: Sh. Muhammad al-Yaqoubi

His Eminence Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi al-Hasani al-Idrisi

ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณูŠ
Hafizhahu Allah – May Allah preserve him

.

๏ทฝ
 

English

Biographies in English

One of The Wolrd’s Most Influencial Muslims
Sacred Knowledge 2012-2015
2004
Shorter

More Bio’s:
remembrancepublications.co.uk


Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi – one of he wolrd’s most influencial Muslims
From The Muslim 500

Sheikh al-Yaqoubi was born in Damascus and was trained in Islamic studies by his father, who was an Imam and instructor at the Grand Umayyad Mosque. Sheikh al-Yaqoubi followed in his fatherโ€™s footsteps teaching in the same mosque, and becoming a world renowned Islamic scholar of theology, jurisprudence, and Hadith. He is widely-recognised as one of the reliable authorities for the issuing of fatwas in Islam. He was one of the first scholars to speak against DAโ€™ISH, denouncing its atrocities and showing that its actions are unIslamic. His book Refuting ISIS has become essential reading. His criticism of the Syrian governmentโ€™s response to protests made his stay in Syrian untenable, and so he had to flee the country. As a teacher, he has trained several hundred Imams and teachers who work in the Arab World, the West, in the Far East and South Africa. As a spiritual guide he focuses on the spiritual well-being of Muslims and gives personal spiritual instruction to his disciples, of which he has a significant following in the UK and USA. He is a charismatic public speaker in both Arabic and English, and one of the most vocal moderate voices of Islam making a huge positive impact via his public talks, writings and numerous media appearances worldwide.


Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
From Sacred Knowledge

Al-Allamah Shaykh as-Sayyid Muhammad al-Yaqoubi is one of the greatest scholars in the world today. In Syria, and particularly in his home city of Damascus, the Shaykh rose to great prominence in recent times for defending the Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and grant him peace), and being one of the first from amongst the ulema to courageously condemn the brutal Syrian government at the start of the popular uprising. In the West, he is an extremely eminent and distinguished preacher amongst Muslim minorities, and a caller to Islam, thousands having embraced the religion through his powerful and uncompromising lectures, wise words and charismatic approach. For several years running, the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute has included him as one of the 500 most influential Muslims in the world.

Shaykh Muhammad descends from a scholarly family that traces its roots back to Morocco, and lineage to the Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and grant him peace). He is both a sufi and jurist, continuing the glorious legacy of his late father, the Imam of the famous Grand Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, the gnostic, and polymath of Syria, Sayyid Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi (Allah show him mercy), as well as his grandfather, the erudite Imam, gnostic and ascetic, Shaykh Ismail al-Yaqoubi (Allah show him mercy). Prior to being forced into exile in 2011, Shaykh Muhammad was teaching regularly at the Umayyad Mosque, as well as being the weekly Friday speaker at the Hassan Mosque in the Abu Rumana district of Damascus. He also taught regular classes at the Mosque of Shaykh al-Akbar Muhyiddeen Ibn โ€˜Arabi.

From an early age, Sayyid Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi supervised Shaykh Muhammadโ€™s upbringing and tutelage, ensuring that every aspect of his sonโ€™s life was developed with the most detailed care under the guidance of the Sharia. For over 20 years, Shaykh Muhammad studied over 500 books with his father, in the sciences of the Qurโ€™an, Hadith, Fiqh, Mantiq and many other fields. His father gave him full authority to narrate Hadith, to teach and issue fatwa. He also received many other ijazas from the most prominent scholars of Syria, including Mufti Abul Yusr โ€˜Abidin and Shaykh Makki al-Kittani (Allah show them mercy), granting him some of the shortest isnads on the face of the Earth. The Shaykh is fluent in several languages including Arabic, English, and Swedish, and has trained several hundreds of scholars, imams and preachers both in Syria and the West. He is the author of a number of books in Arabic, as well as several poems in both Arabic and English. He has travelled the world extensively and participated in conferences, lectures and taught several intensive programmes from Finland to South Africa, and Indonesia to the West coast of the USA.

The Shaykh currently resides in Morocco with his wife and 3 children, and continues to teach the sacred sciences to scholars and students.


Shaykh Muhammad al-Ya`qoubi – biography 2004
From: Shaykh Ibrahim Institute | damas

Shaykh Muhammad al-Ya`qoubi descends from a scholarly family whose lineage goes back to the Prophet, salla Allahu ‘alayhi sallam, through his grandson Sayyiduna al-Hasan, radiya Allahu ‘anhu. His lineage goes back to Mawlay Idris al-Anwar who built the city of Fes. Mawlay Idris’ lineage is as follows: he is the son of Mawlay Idris the Great; who is the son of Sayyiduna Abdullah al-Kamil; who is the son of Sayyiduna al-Hasan, the Second; who is the son of Sayyiduna al-Hasan, radiya Allah ‘anhu; who is the grandson of the Prophet, salla Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam.

Shaykh Muhammad al-Ya’qoubi’s ancestors also include some of the greatest scholars of Syria: Shaykh Sharif al-Ya’qoubi (d. 1943/1362 H.) was his father’s uncle, and Shaykh Muhammad ‘Arabi al-Ya’qoubi (d. 1965/1384 H.) was his father’s maternal uncle; both were the Malikite Imams of the Omayyad mosque. Shaykh Siddiq al-Ya’qoubi (d. 1889/1307 H.) was his paternal great-grandfather, and Shaykh Isma’il al-Ya’qoubi (d. 1960/1380 H.), a great Waliy known for his miracles, was his own grandfather. His father, Shaykh Ibrahim al-Ya’qoubi (d. 1985/1406 H.), was one of the greatest scholars Syria saw in the past 50 years; he was also the Imam and teacher of the Omayyad Mosque.

Shaykh Muhammad was born in Damascus on the 13th of DhulHijja in 1382 H. As a little boy, he crawled in the Grand Omayyad Mosque and the Darwishiyya Mosque, where his father was an instructor for 40 years, and sat in the laps of some of the greatest scholars. Since he was four-years-old, Shaykh Muhammad accompanied his father in all of his visits, gatherings, and classes, both public and private, as well as at home and outside. His father took care of him and was both his teacher and spiritual master. Under his tutelage, Shaykh Muhammad followed a solid traditional curriculum since the age of four, studying, step-by-step, the major classical works on the various disciplines of the Shari’ah as well as the instrumental disciplines. Shaykh Muhammad dutifully studied with his father over 500 books in the course of 20 years, some of them from cover-to-cover and others in portions; some are multi-volumes, and others are small concise works.

Some of the books Shaykh Muhammad studied under his father are as follows: most of the six books of Hadith, al-Muwatta of Yahya al- Laythi, most of al-Muwatta of Imam Muhammad with Sharh al-Laknawi, most of al-Muwaafaqaat of ash-Shaatibi, the first volume and other sections (of the five volumes) of al-Hashiya of Ibn ‘Abideen, Ihya ‘Ulum ad-Deen, al-Hidaya of al-Marghinani, Mughni al-Labeeb of Ibn Hisham, Parts of Kitab Seebawayhi, Miyar al-Ilm of al-Ghazali, several volumes of Sharh Sahih Muslim of an-Nawawi, several volumes of Irshad as-Saari of al-Qastallaani, half of Madarik at-Taweel of an-Nasafi, Hashiyat as-Saawi on Tafseer al-Jalaalayn, three volumes of Mu’jam Maqaayiis al-Lugha of Ibn Faaris, al-Bayaan wat-Tabyeen of al-Jaahiz, several volumes of Wafayaat al-Ayaan of Ibn Khallikaan, and Tabaqat ash-Shafi’iyya al-Kubraa of Ibn as-Subki, Maqamaat al-Hariri. In fact, Shaykh Muhammad wrote a thabat (detailed list) of the names of the books he studied under his father entitled, The Concealed Pearls. This book is a testament to his father’s labor of love and of the expenditure of his energy in passing on his knowledge and experience to his children, a rarity in our modern times.

Throughout the years of his study, Shaykh Muhammad went through spiritual training in the Sufi path under his father, who was a great Waliy and Murshid known for his righteousness and asceticism. Shaykh Muhammad studied the major works of Tasawwuf under him, accompanied him, and was his servant, the bearer of his shoes, which he considers the key to the opening he received. The company of his father exposed him to a wealth of light, wisdom, and knowledge, an experience that was far beyond what one may attain from books or from occasional meetings with teachers.

In the summer of 1973, at the age of eleven, Shaykh Muhammad started teaching at the Darwishiyya Mosque where he taught a regular Qur’an and Tajwid class composed of a group of boys. He began giving public speeches in Ramadan after ‘Asr prayer in the same mosque at the age of twelve. At the age of fourteen and a half, he made his debut as Friday speaker in the mosque known as as-Saadaat, where Sayyiduna Mu’aadh ibn Jabal is buried.

Shaykh Muhammad memorized Jawharat at-Tawhid when he was five-years-old, al-Arba’in an-Nawawiyya when he was six, and, later on, dozens of famous didactic odes and poems along with most of the Qur’an al-Karim. He also memorized considerable parts of al-Mufaddaliyyaaat and al-Hamaasah of Abi Tammaam. The first poem he wrote was at the age of thirteen, and it was a plea to the Prophet salla Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. His collection of poetry is growing, and a few poems in English have been added to it.

Amongst the scholars who gave him ijaza (the authority to narrate Hadith through their chains) were the Malikite Mufti of Syria, Sayyid Makki al-Kittan; Shaykh Muhammad Abul-Yusr ‘Abideen, the previous Mufti of Syria; the great Murshid, Shaykh Ali al-Boudaylimi of Tlemsan; Shaykh Zayn al-‘Abideen at-Tounisi; Shaykh ‘Abdul’Aziz ‘Uyun as-Soud; Shaykh Muhammad Wafa al-Qassaab; and several others. Shaykh Muhammad’s father, may Allah shower him with His Mercy, also wrote several ijazas for him, giving him full authority to narrate Hadith. His father also issued for him ijazas qualifying him to teach the Shari’ah and to be a Murshid in the Sufi path. This was affirmed by several shaykhs of the path, the last of whom is Shaykh AbdurRahman ash-Shaghouri in Damascus, may Allah extend his life.

Shaykh Muhammad published his first article when he was seventeen-years-old in al-Majalla al-‘Arabiyya in Riyadh and his first book when he was 23. At the age of 20, some of his Friday speeches were broadcast live through the Syrian Radio station. Three of his books in Arabic have been published besides several articles in Arabic, English, and Swedish. The list of his unpublished books contains more than 20 works in Arabic.

Shaykh Muhammad was formally appointed as Friday speaker (khatib) in 1981 in central Damascus. Two years later, in 1983, he was appointed as Imam and was commissioned to teach the Sacred Knowledge. In early 1986, upon the demise of his father (may Allah have mercy on him), Shaykh Muhammad was given his father’s post as an instructor in the Fatwa Administration. That same year, he began teaching Maliki fiqh at the Institute of the Students of Sacred Knowledge (which is now the Institute of Sheikh BadrudDeen al-Hasani).

While in Damascus, in addition to teaching native Syrians, Shaykh Muhammad taught students from various parts of the world; many of them are now Imams and teachers in Malaysia, the Philippines, Algeria, Mali, Gambia, and other countries. Amongst the books he taught, partially or completely, are Sahih al-Bukhari (which he taught twice), Sahih Muslim, al-Muwatta (which he also taught twice), ash-Shama’il al-Muhammadiyya (which he taught four times), the commentary of al-Bajuri on al-Jawhara, an-Nasafi’s Madarik at-Tawil, Jawahir al-Iklil Sharh Mukhtasar Khalil, al-Kaafi of Ibn AbdulBarr, al-Hikam of Imam ibn Attaa Allah, Sharh ar-Risala of Imam al-Qushayri, al-Marghinani’s al-Hidaya, Sharh al-Bayqouniyya, Sharh ar-Rahabiyya, Sharh al-Jazariya, ash -Shifa of Qadi ‘Iyaad, and Ibn Hisham’s commentary on the Alfiyya of ibn Malik.

Besides serving as a Friday speaker and instructor until 1990, Shaykh Muhammad pursued his academic studies at the University of Damascus, Faculty of Shari’ah, where he frequented some lectures and benefited from several professors between 1982-1985. He also received a degree in Arabic literature in 1987 and completed a two-year study of philosophy at the Arab University of Beirut. In 1991, Shaykh Muhammad joined the PhD program of linguistics at Gothenburg University in Sweden, Department of Oriental Studies, where he also worked as a researcher and a teacher of classical Arabic literature for a few years until 1996.

Shaykh Muhammad worked in Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah in Kuwait in 1990 as Research Editor, and, between 1998-1999, as Assistant Director for Research and Studies, a position he was awarded due to his keen interest in the studies of ancient Arabic manuscripts and paleography. He eventually resigned to devote his time to the Sacred Knowledge and to serve its students in teaching and writing.

While in school, Shaykh Muhammad studied French as a second language. It was in 1988 that he began learning the basics of English and German. At the age of 30, upon traveling to Sweden, he realized how vital is the English language in the work for Islam, so he moved to England at that time and completed the FCE, CAE, CCS, and CPE Cambridge courses in English within a year before returning to Sweden where he continued his studies in Swedish.

In Sweden, Shaykh Muhammad served the Muslim community of Gothenburg as Imam, where he struggled for the establishment of Islam in the country. His work there was documented in several newspaper articles and interviews; it included teaching Muslims, giving presentations about Islam, and engaging in multi-religious dialogues and debates on political and social issues, such as European-Islamic dialogue, atheism, etc.. Shaykh Muhammad was hosted by all of the major Swedish universities and Institutions and was co-founder of the Nordic Center for Inter-religious dialogue (NCID) in Gothenburg. He represented Swedish Muslims in several international conferences until he returned to Syria towards the end of 1996. In 1999, the Swedish Islamic society in Stockholm (SIS) chose him as the Mufti of Sweden, forwarding to him the burning issues of fiqh that concern Swedish Muslims. In the year 2000, SIS elected him as a permanent founding member of the Swedish Islamic Academy in Stockholm in recognition of his work in Sweden to which he continues to commit through lectures and classes during his visits to Scandinavia.

Besides working in Syria and Sweden, Shaykh Muhammad participated in conferences, delivered lectures, and gave Friday speeches in Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Switzerland, Germany, France, Spain, England, Canada, and the United States. His first tour to the US took place in the spring of 1997. Since then, he has been frequenting North America and is now hosted by Zaytuna Institute in California where he has been teaching since the past year. In his efforts to revive the Tradition, he has taught Hadith, including the Muwatta’ and Sahih al-Bukhari, and he intends to finish all six books in the coming terms in sha Allah. Shaykh Muhammad is married and has three children, Aicha, who is four; Ibrahim, who is two; and Ismael, who is four-months-old.

Others besides Shaykh Muhammad have seen many of the miracles of his father, but for those who have not seen them, Shaykh Muhammad says, “This is one of the miracles of my father that everyone can see. It was his du’ah for me, his blessing, and his company that opened the way for me to be where I am now.”


SHAYKH MUHAMMAD AL-YAQOUBI (Shorter)
He is one of the leading scholars of Islam in the world, a true man of Allah with encyclopedic knowledge. He is one of the most influential scholars in the West today; his words have transformed the lives of thousands of people. He studied seven languages; and is a charismatic public speaker in both Arabic and English. He is a descendant of the Prophet PBUH, from a family of scholars that have taught the sacred knowledge for centuries. Three of his ancestors were Imams in the Grand Omayyad Masjid in Damascus, including his father, the great erudite scholar and master of both shariโ€™a and tasawwuf, the late Shaykh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi. He was born in Damascus in 1382H, accompanying his father until he died in 1406H. He was his servant, disciple and student. He was trained in the Sufi path by his father and was qualified as a murshid. He studied under him the major works of the sacred knowledge, memorized many texts and didactic poems. His father gave him several ijazas. Amongst the scholars who also gave him ijaza are: the Hanafite Mufti of Syria, Shaykh Muhammad Abul-Yusr โ€˜Abideen; the Malikite Mufti of Syria, Sayyid Makki AlKittan; Shaykh โ€˜Ali Boudaylimi of Tiemsan; Shaykh Saalih Al-Khateeb. He made his debut as Friday speaker at the age of 14, was appointed as Friday Imam and speaker at the age of 17 and as a teacher of the sacred knowledge at the age of 20. Since then, he has been teaching the sciences of the shariโ€™a such as โ€˜aqeeda, tafsir, hadith, fiqh, usool, grammar, etc. to students of all levels. He taught Tafsir Al-Nasafi, Sahih alBukhari five times, Sahih Muslim, al-Muwatta six times, al-Shamaโ€™il of al-Tirmidhi 16 times, Sharh Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar, al-Tahawiyya over 20 times, Sharh al-โ€˜Aqaaโ€™id alNasafiyyah, Ihya โ€˜Uloom al-Din, al-Hikam of Ibn โ€˜Attaโ€™illah, al-Shifa of Qadi โ€˜Iyaad, alQudouri, al-Hidayah, Maqaamt al-Hariri, Mughni al-Labeeb and many other books. As an authority of hadith, his isnads i.e. chains of transmission, are of the highest amongst scholars of our time. Students and scholars visit him in Syria or when he travels to hear the masalsalaat and take ijaza in narration of hadith.

Between 1992 and 2001, he worked in Kuwait, Sweden and USA; and traveled across the world teaching the sacred knowledge and calling people to Allah. He toured many countries in North America and Europe, the Far East and Arab World. Thousands of people took shahada at his hands and many repented after listening to him. He now resides in Damascus and teaches in the Masjid of Shaykh Muhyiddeen Ibn โ€˜Arabi, and in his home; while several of his students are spreading the sacred knowledge and reviving the way of the Ulema around the world. He is married with three children.



http://farooqm.blogspot.com/2005/04/shaykh-muhammad-al-yaqoubi.html
Saturday, April 02, 2005>

shaykh muhammad al ya’qoubi.
a gem.
a genius.
he was 35 when i met him. he began learning english at the age of 30. and he was busting out shakespearean sonnets on us…schooling us on the subtleties of english and arabic grammar.
he speaks ~7 languages.
he once gave us a 2.5 hour dars on “bismillah hir rahman nir ra heem”
just a fountain of knowledge. like.

Damas Cultural Society 2006

ุนุฑุจูŠ

From ulamaofdamascus.wordpress.com
ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ

ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ู„ู„ุฏูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุตุฑุŒ ุณูŠุฏ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ู…ุญุฏุซ ูู‚ูŠู‡ ุตูˆููŠ ุฏุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏ ู…ู† ุฏู…ุดู‚ุŒ ู„ู‡ ู†ุดุงุท ูˆุงุณุน ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุดู…ุงู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู… ู†ุญูˆ ุฃู„ู ูˆู…ุงุฆุชูŠู† ูˆุชุงุจ ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุทุจู‡. ู…ู„ู… ุจุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏูŠุฉ. ุนุฑู ุจุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุฃุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชูˆู‰. ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ูŠุคูŠุฏ ุซูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดโ€ฆุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุธู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุจุฏุงุฏ ุญูŠุซ ุฃูุชู‰ ุจูˆุฌูˆุจ ุนุฒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ู„ุนุฏู… ุฃู‡ู„ูŠุชู‡ุŒ ุซู… ุฃูุชู‰ ุจุฅุนู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ููŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู†ุตุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตุฑุฉ ููŠ ุณูˆุฑูŠุฉ. ู…ุฏุฑุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠ ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ ูˆุฎุทูŠุจ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุญุณู† ููŠ ุญูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุฑู…ุงู†ุฉ. ุฒู„ู‡ุจ ุจุฎุทุจู‡ ุญู…ุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุซูˆุฑุฉ ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ู„ุซูˆุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุจุนุฒู„ู‡ ูˆู…ู†ุนู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ. ุณูŠุฏ ูŠู†ุชุณุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุจูŠุช ุนู„ู… ูˆูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุฌุฏ ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ุจุฑุฒ ู…ู†ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠุŒ ูˆุฌุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ (-1380ู‡ู€)ุŒ ูˆุฎุงู„ ุฃุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ (-1385ู‡ู€)ุŒ ูˆุนู… ุฃุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ (-1362ู‡ู€)ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูˆู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุขู„ ุจูŠุชู‡ ุฅู…ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ุŒ ุขุฎุฑู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฅู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุซู… ู„ู„ุญู†ููŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุฏุฑุณุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฌุงู…ุน ุฏุฑูˆูŠุด ุจุงุดุง ูˆุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุนุซู…ุงู†. ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ ูˆู†ุณุจู‡: ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ ุณู†ุฉ ูกูฃูจูข / ูกูฉูฆูฃ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุนุตุฑู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ูˆุฌุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ. ุดุฑูŠู ุญุณู†ูŠุŒ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู†ุณุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุคุณุณ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฑุณุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุฑ ุจู† ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ู…ุซู†ู‰ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุณุจุท ุจู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ูˆุณูŠุฏุชู†ุง ูุงุทู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุจูŠุช ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฌุฏ ุฌุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุณู†ุฉ 1263ู‡ู€. ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ูˆุฃู‚ุงู… ุจู‡ุง ุขู„ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช. ุทู„ุจู‡ ู„ู„ุนู„ู…: ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ู…ู†ุฐ ุตุจุงู‡ ูˆู„ุงุฒู…ู‡ ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุชุงู…ุฉุŒ ูุงุจุชุฏุฃ ุจุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ูˆุจุนุถ ู…ุชูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูˆู† ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู‡ู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุŒ ูุญูุธ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู„ุงู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู…ู‚ุตูˆุฑุชูŠ ุงุจู† ุฏุฑูŠุฏุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุชุฎุจุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุถู„ูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุฌูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุทูˆู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุฃุดุนุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุฏุซูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุญูุธ ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุจุชุฏุฃ ู‚ุฑุถ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑู‡.

ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญูุธ ููŠ ุตุจุงู‡: ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑูŠ ู„ุงุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุฌู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู†: ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑุฉ (ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงุจู† ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูŠู†)ุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุญุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠู‚ูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ู…ุŒ ูˆู†ุธู… ุงุจู† ุนุงุดุฑุŒ ูˆุจุฏุก ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃู„ููŠุฉ ุงุจู† ู…ุงู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุฃู„ููŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠูˆุทูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุŒ ูˆู†ุธู… ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุณู…ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงุทุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡. ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ููŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุขู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฎุฏู… ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ูˆุงู†ุชูุน ุจุนู„ู…ู‡ ูˆุฅุฑุดุงุฏู‡ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูŠุนู‚ูˆุจูŠ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ู…ุญู‚ู‚ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุทุฑุงุฒ ู‚ู„ูŽู‘ ู†ุธูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุชุฑูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฅู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ูˆุงู„ูˆุฑุนุŒ ู…ุคุซุฑุงู‹ ู„ู„ุนุฒู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุง ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุชุณุน ุนุดุฑุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณู…ุงุฆุฉ ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌุฒุก ูˆู…ุชู†. ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุจุนุถ ู†ูˆุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆุงู„ูู†ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ: ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ: ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุณุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุทุฃ (ุจุฑูˆุงูŠุชูŠ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠุซูŠุŒ ูˆู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดูŠุจุงู†ูŠ)ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ: ุดุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑุฉ: ู„ุงุจู† ุงู„ู…ุตู†ู ูˆุงู„ุจุงุฌูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ุตุงูˆูŠุŒ ูˆุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุณูˆู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุฌูˆุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู… ุงู„ุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุทุญุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบู†ูŠู…ูŠุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู†ุณููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุณุนุฏ (ู…ุน ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ)ุŒ ูˆุฃุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู„ู„ุจุบุฏุงุฏูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆู„: ู…ุนุธู… ุดุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฑ ู„ุงุจู† ู…ู„ูƒ ูˆุงุจู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุณู…ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ูˆูŠุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ูˆู…ู† ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉ ู„ู…ู†ู„ุง ุฎุณุฑูˆุŒ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุงุช ู„ู„ุดุงุทุจูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุญู†ููŠ: ู…ุฑุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูู„ุงุญุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุจุงุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุตู ุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุจูŠุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠ: ุดุฑุญ ุงุจู† ุนุงุดุฑ (ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจู…ูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุบุฑู‰)ุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ู„ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ููˆุงูƒู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุดู…ุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑูƒุŒ ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุฏูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุณุทุงู‹ ู…ู† ุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุณูˆู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูˆู…ุฌู„ุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูˆูŽู‘ู†ุฉ.

ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚: ุดุฑุญ ุฅูŠุณุงุบูˆุฌูŠ ู„ุฒูƒุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุตุงุฑูŠุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุณู„ู… ู„ู„ุฏู…ู†ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุŒ ูˆู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ู„ู„ุบุฒุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ู…ุดุฌุฑุŒ ูˆู†ุตู ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฐูŠุจ ู„ู„ุฎุจูŠุตูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุณุทุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู„ู„ูƒู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ: ุฃู‚ุณุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุดุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉ ู„ุงุจู† ุนู‚ูŠู„ ูˆุงุจู† ู‡ุดุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฃุดู…ูˆู†ูŠ ุจุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุงู†ุŒ ูˆู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠ ู„ุงุจู† ู‡ุดุงู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุณุทุงู‹ ู…ู† ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฑุถูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุบุฉ: ุงู„ุฅูŠุถุงุญ ู„ู„ู‚ุฒูˆูŠู†ูŠุŒ ูˆู…ุฌู„ุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑุงุฒ ู„ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ: ู†ุตู ู…ุนุฌู… ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ู„ุงุจู† ูุงุฑุณุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุจ: ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุณุจุนุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฑูŠุŒ ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุชุจูŠูŠู† ู„ู„ุฌุงุญุธุŒ ูˆู†ุตู ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ู…ุจุฑุฏุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน: ุดุฑุญ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนุถุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ูˆู‚ุณุทุงู‹ ู…ู† ุดุฑุญ ุนู†ู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงู‡ุฑ. ูˆููŠ ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุธุฑุฉ: ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุทุงุด ูƒุจุฑูŠ ุฒุงุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ู…ุญูŠูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฏ (ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ุธู…ู‡ุง ุดุนุฑุงู‹ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡)ุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ูˆู„ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‚ุงุช: ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุทุงุจ. ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠุฉ: ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 1980ู…ุŒ ุซู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 1982ู…ุŒ ุซู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ (ุงู„ู„ูŠุณุงู†ุณ) ู…ู† ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุช ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุช ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุฉุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ุงู‹ ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ุจุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ูˆุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุบูˆุทุจูˆุฑุบุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุขุซุฑ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ููŠ ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุจุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุนุฏู…ุง ุฑุฃู‰ ู…ู† ุชู‡ุงูุช ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู…ู† ุทู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฒู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงู‡ ุจูˆุฌู‡ ุฎุงุต ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุฃูƒุฑู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุจุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฅุชู‚ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุชู„ู…ุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุฃูุงุถู„ ุงู„ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุชุฐุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠูˆุฎ. ุฅุฌุงุฒุงุชู‡: ูƒุชุจ ู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ุฅุฌุงุฒุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุฌุงุฒ ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุŒ ูุฃุฌุงุฒู‡ ู…ูุชูŠ ุงู„ุดุงู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑ ุนุงุจุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ูุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุชูˆู†ุณูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ูุฑููˆุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุง ุงู„ู‚ุตุงุจ.

ูˆู…ู…ู† ุฃุฌุงุฒู‡ ู…ู† ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุขูุงู‚: ุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูุชูˆู‰ ููŠ ู„ุจู†ุงู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงูŠู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูุชูˆู‰ ููŠ ุญู…ุงุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ู†ุนู…ุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุฏูŠู„ู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุชู„ู…ุณุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ููŠุชูˆุฑูŠ ุญู…ูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู„ูŠุจูŠุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงู‚ุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃู„ู ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุฃูƒุฑู… ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆูŠ ุซุจุชุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃุณุงู†ูŠุฏู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุจุน. ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡: ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ูŠุงูุนุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู†ุงุจ ุนู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุชูุฑุบ ุจุนุฏ ูˆูุงุชู‡ ู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌุฏ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ. 1980ู…-1990ู…: ุฎุทูŠุจ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุทุงูˆูˆุณูŠุฉ. 1983ู…-1990ู…: ู…ุฏุฑุณ ุฏูŠู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅูุชุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู…. 1986ู…-1990ู…: ู…ุฏุฑุณ ู„ู„ูู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุจุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ. 1990ู…: ุงุดุชุบู„ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุงู‹ ู„ู„ุจุญูˆุซ ููŠ ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุขุซุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุช. 1991ู…-1996ู…: ุงุดุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉุŒ ูุฃุชู‚ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุฏ (ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ)ุŒ ูˆุฃู„ู… ุจุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฏุฑุณ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง.

ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุงุญุซุงู‹ ูˆู…ุฏุฑุณุงู‹ ู„ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุบูˆุทุจูˆุฑุบ ูˆุฅู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ. ู†ุดุงุทุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…: ุงุจุชุฏุฃ ุฃูˆู„ ุฑุญู„ุงุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนุงู… 1997ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃูˆู„ ุฑุญู„ุงุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ุณู†ุฉ 1998ู…ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงู†ุทู„ู‚ -ุจุนุฏ ุฅุชู‚ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ- ูŠุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุนุธ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆูŠุจูŠู† ู…ูุงุณุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุฏุนูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงู‚ุชุฏุงุก ุจุงู„ู†ุจูŠ -ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…- ูˆูŠุญุซ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ. ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ (ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู†ุฉ 2007ู…) ุฎู…ุณ ูˆุนุดุฑูˆู† ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ุงุณุชุถุงูู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุญู…ุฒุฉ ูŠูˆุณู ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุฉ ู†ุญูˆ ุณู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนุฏุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุถุงูู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ุจู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชุฑูƒ ุฃุซุฑุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุง ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠ ู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง. ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุนุฏุฏุง ู…ู† ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุทุฃ ูˆุงู„ุดู…ุงุฆู„ ู„ู„ุชุฑู…ุฐูŠ ูˆุงู„ุดูุง ู„ู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ุนูŠุงุถ ูˆุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุฅุญูŠุงุก ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ูˆู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ู„ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทุญุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ุจุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุญู†ููŠ ูˆุงู„ุฅุดุงุนุฉ ู„ุฃุดุฑุงุท ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทุจ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠ ู„ุงุจู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ูˆูุชูˆุญ ุงู„ุบูŠุจ ูˆู†ุฎุจุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฑุญุจูŠุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง. ูˆุณุงูุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุงู„ูŠุฒูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุฏูˆู†ูŠุณูŠุงุŒ ูˆุณู†ุบุงููˆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุงูƒุณุชุงู†ุŒ ูˆุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ. ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฎุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูุตูŠุญ ูŠุณุชู…ุน ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุขู„ุงูุŒ ูŠุชุฑูƒ ุฃุซุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ู†ููˆุณ ุณุงู…ุนูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุดุฏู‡ู… ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุณู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู„ู ูˆู…ุงุฆุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุชุงุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุจูุถู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูˆุน ุบููŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ุญูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฎุทุจุฉ ูˆู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุงู„ู…ุฏู…ุฌุฉ. ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุฏูŠุจ ูˆุดุงุนุฑ ุŒ ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ุฏูˆุงูˆูŠู† ู„ู… ุชุทุจุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ุตูˆููŠุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู„ู ุนุฏุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ู†ุดุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงุซู†ุงู†. ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ู„ู„ุฃุนุงุฌู…ุŒ ููŠุจุฏุฃ ุจู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ ุซู… ูŠุนู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุดุฑุญู‡ ุญุณุจู…ุง ูŠู‚ุชุถูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุงุฌู… ุนุฏุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุงู„ุดู…ุงุฆู„ ู„ู„ุชุฑู…ุฐูŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช (ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ุณุฑุฏุงู‹ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉู‹ ุนุดุฑ ู…ุฑุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰)ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ุจุฎุงุฑูŠ ูˆู…ูˆุทุฃ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠุซูŠ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑุญ (ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุฑุฃู‡ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ).

ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุดุฑุญ: ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทุญุงูˆูŠุฉ (ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ)ุŒ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุญูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุฌูˆุฑูŠุŒ ูˆู†ุฎุจุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุจูŠู‚ูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุฑุญุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงุจู† ุฃุจูŠ ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุฑูˆุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู† ู„ุงุจู† ุนุงุดุฑุŒ ูˆู†ุญูˆ ู†ุตู ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ุจุงุจ ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ูˆู†ุตู ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุทุจ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅุดุงุนุฉ ู„ุฃุดุฑุงุท ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ู…ุฒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูุง ู„ู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ุนูŠุงุถ (ู…ุฑุงุฑุงู‹)ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุงุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ุตุบุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุณูŠูˆุทูŠุŒ ูˆุฑุณุงู„ุฉ (ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆู„ุฏ)ุŒ ูˆุฃุจูˆุงุจุงู‹ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุญูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุนุทุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ุดุฑุญ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุนุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูู„ุงุญ ู„ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆูุชูˆุญ ุงู„ุบูŠุจ ู„ู„ุฌูŠู„ุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจูˆุฒูŠุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุขุฏุงุจ ุงู„ุตุญุจุฉ ู„ู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ูˆุงู„ุฅุนุงู†ุฉ ู„ุฒุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ูˆุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู… ู„ู„ุฒุฑู†ูˆุฌูŠุŒ ูˆุฅูŠุณุงุบูˆุฌูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚. ุนู†ุงูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู: ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุฅุญูŠุงุก ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณู†ุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฑุจุŒ ูˆูˆู‡ุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆุตุจุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู‚ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุทูˆุงู„ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ูƒู„ู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ู„ู„. ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ูˆุถุจุทู‡ ูˆุถุจุท ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูˆุชุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ. ูุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ุจุฎุงุฑูŠ ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฑุงุช: ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ ุณู†ุฉ 1997ู… ููŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠูˆู…ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุฉ ุจูƒุงู„ูŠููˆุฑู†ูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 2001ู… ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฒุŒ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุน (ู‡ู†ุณู„ูˆ) ุจู„ู†ุฏู† ุณู†ุฉ 2003ู… ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุณู†ุฉ 2004ู… ููŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุถุจุท ูˆุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ. ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ุฅู…ุงู… ู…ุณู„ู… ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ ู…ุฑุชูŠู†: ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุณู†ุฉ 1997ู… ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 2007ู… ููŠ ุชุณุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…. ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑู…ุฐูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณุณู†ู† ู„ุฃุจูŠ ุฏุงูˆุฏ ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ูˆุทุฃ ุจุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠุซูŠ ุณุช ู…ุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดู…ุงุฆู„ ู„ู„ุชุฑู…ุฐูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฏู…ุดู‚ุŒ ูˆุบุฑู†ุงุทุฉุŒ ูˆู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒุŒ ูˆู„ู†ุฏู†ุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุคู„ุค ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุงู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑูŠุŒ ูˆู†ุญูˆ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู„ู…ู† ู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุชุงุจุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ. ูุชุญ ุฏุงุฑู‡ ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูŠู‚ุฑุฆ ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุตุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุทู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ูˆุณู…ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃุณุงู†ูŠุฏ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ูƒุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุนุชู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงู†ูŠุฏ ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุชุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงู†ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญูุงุธุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุณุงู†ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุงุณุชุธู‡ุงุฑู‡ ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุชูˆู† ุฃุญุงุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุทุฃุŒ ูŠุญุณู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุดู‡ุงุฏ ุจุงู„ุฃุญุงุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฎุทุจู‡ ูˆุฏุฑูˆุณู‡ ููŠุนุฒูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌู‡ ูˆูŠุจูŠู† ุงู„ุถุนูŠู ู…ู†ู‡.

ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุฌุงุฒู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ. ูŠุชุจุน ููŠ ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑุฏุŒ ููŠุจุชุฏุฆ ุจุถุจุท ุงู„ู†ุตุŒ ูˆุญู„ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงุณุชูŠูุงุก ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุชุฎุฑูŠุฌ ุงู„ุดูˆุงู‡ุฏ ูˆุชุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„. ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุณู†ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุฆูŠุŒ ูˆุฅุญูŠุงุก ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุชุจูŠูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง. ู…ุชูุฑุบ ู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฑู‡ ูˆููŠ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญูŠูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† (ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ) ุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุนุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนุดุงุกุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฎุทุจ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุญุณู† ููŠ ุญูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุฑู…ุงู†ุฉ ุจุฏู…ุดู‚ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุฏุฑุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ุงุถุทุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู…ู†ุนู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช ุงู„ุณูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุบุงุฏุฑุฉ ุณูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู†ู‚ู„ ุจูŠู† ุนุฏุฉ ุจู„ุงุฏ ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุง ููŠ ู†ุตุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ุณูˆุฑูŠ ููŠ ุซูˆุฑุชู‡ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ูˆุจูŠุงู†ุช ุณุงู‡ู…ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุญู…ุงุณ ููŠ ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุฃุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุดุนุจ ู„ู„ุงู†ุถู…ุงู… ู„ู„ุซูˆุฑุฉ.

Franรงais

A propos du Shaykh :

Shaykh Muhammad Abul Huda al-Yaqoubi compte parmi les plus grands savants de notre รฉpoque. Dโ€™origine chรฉrifienne (Shaykh Muhammad est un descendant direct du Prophรจte bรฉni [‘alayhi salatu wassalam], par l’intermรฉdiaire de Sayyiduna al-Hasan fils de โ€˜Ali ibn Abi Talib), sa famille รฉmigra de lโ€™Algรฉrie vers la Syrie il y a plusieurs gรฉnรฉrations.

Dรจs son plus jeune รขge, Shaykh Muhammad frรฉquenta la Grande Mosquรฉe des Omeyyades ร  Damas, Syrie โ€“ oรน son pรจre enseigna pendant 40 ans โ€“ et put s’asseoir sur les genoux de certains des plus grands savants de l’รฉpoque. Sous la tutelle de son pรจre, il suivit, dรจs l’รขge de quatre ans, un solide cursus de sciences traditionnelles, comprenant l’รฉtude des grandes ล“uvres classiques traitant de la Shari’a et des disciplines connexes (grammaire, rhรฉtorique etc..). Il reรงut des ijazas (certificats d’autorisations) en sciences du hadith, de la main des plus grands mouhaddithoune de Syrie.

Shaykh Muhammad poursuit ensuite ses รฉtudes universitaires au dรฉpartement de Shari’a de l’Universitรฉ de Damas. Aprรจs avoir obtenu une licence en littรฉrature arabe en 1987, il รฉtudie la philosophie pendant deux ans ร  l’Universitรฉ arabe de Beyrouth, avant d’intรฉgrer, en 1991, le programme doctoral de linguistique du dรฉpartement d’รฉtudes orientales de l’Universitรฉ de Gรถteborg en Suรจde, oรน il fut par ailleurs chargรฉ de recherche et enseigna les lettres classiques de la langue arabe. Le Shaykh dirigea รฉgalement le pรดle d’รฉtude et de recherche de la maison d’รฉdition Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah au Koweรฏt en 1990.

Aprรจs avoir รฉtรฉ Imam ร  Gรถteborg et ล“uvrรฉ sans relรขche pour l’Islam en Suรจde, la sociรฉtรฉ islamique suรฉdoise de Stockholm le dรฉsigna mufti pour la Suรจde en 1999.

Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi donne frรฉquemment des Khoutbas et des confรฉrences au Moyen-Orient, en Europe, au Canada et aux Etats-Unis, et enseigne la ‘aqida, le tafsir, le hadith, le fiqh, le usul al fiqh, et encore bien d’autres disciplines. Le Shaykh est une autoritรฉ รฉminente dans le domaine du hadith, ses lignes de transmission (isnads) รฉtant parmi les plus fiables du moment. Jusqu’ร  aujourd’hui, le

Shaykh al-Yaqoubi a enseignรฉ, entre autres :

– Tafsir al-Nasafi
– Sahih al-Bukhari (19 fois)
– Sahih Muslim,
– Al-Muwatta (6 fois)
– Al Shama’il de l’Imam al-Tirmidhi (17 fois)
– Sharh al-fiqh al-Akbar, al-Tahawiyya (plus de 20 fois)
– Sharh al-‘Aqaa’id al-Nasafiyyah,
– Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din,
– Al-Hikam d’Ibn’ Atta’illah,
– Al-Shifa du Qadi ‘Iyaad,
– Al-Qudouri,
– Al-Hidayah,
– Maqaamt al-Hariri,
– Mughni al-Labeeb
– Etc..

Des รฉtudiants et des savants affluaient du monde entier en Syrie pour lui rendre visite, ainsi qu’au cours de ses voyages, pour entendre la malsalslaat* ou obtenir une autorisation (ijaza) de narration d’un hadith.

(* note : dans la traduction (de l’anglais) il est รฉcrit malsalslaat mais il semble que ce serait plutรดt des ahadiths mousalsal bi al mousafaha ou autres, voir : http://www.aslama point com/forums/showthr…q%C3%BBb%C3%AE )

Les gens qui ont embrassรฉ l’Islam ou qui se sont repentis par sa cause (en รฉcoutant ses discours) se comptent par milliers, et aujourd’hui, un grand nombre de ses รฉtudiants parcourent le monde pour diffuser la Loi sacrรฉe et revivifier le curriculum des Ulรฉmas.

On notera par ailleurs que le Cheikh commenรงa ร  enseigner le tajweed (rรฉcitation coranique) ร  l’รขge de onze ans, prononรงa son premier discours public un an plus tard, et dรฉlivra sa premiรจre khutba (prรชche du vendredi) ร  l’รขge de quatorze ans et demi, et son pรจre l’autorisa ร  enseigner la Loi sacrรฉe de l’Islam quand il eut atteint sa vingtiรจme annรฉe.

Shaykh Muhammad est pรจre de trois enfants et rรฉside depuis plusieurs annรฉes ร  Rabat, au Maroc.

Svenska

SHEIKH MUHAMMAD AL-YAQOUBI
Sheikh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi รคr en framstรฅende, internationellt kรคnd syrisk lรคrd, vars ord har fรถrvandlat tusentals mรคnniskors liv. Han arbetade som fรถrelรคsare i Umayya-moskรฉn i Damaskus och hรถll fredagspredikan i Al-Hasan-moskรฉn i Abu Rummaneh, tills han avskedades och belades med talfรถrbud p.g.a. sitt stรถd till det syriska folket och sin kritik mot Asad-regimen. Han lever numera i landsflykt i Marocko.


Shaykh al-Sayyid Muhammad Abul Huda al-Yaqoubi

Fรถdd den 5 maj, 1963 i Damaskus, Syrien.
Mรฅ Allah bevara honom
Sammanstรคllt av md fรถr rahma.se

BAKGRUND

   Shaykh Muhammad Abul Huda al-Yaqoubi är en världsberömd islamisk lärd, tänkare och visionär med en encyklopedisk kunskap. Han kommer från en familj av religiöst lärda, som migrerade till Damakus efter motståndet mot den franska kolonisationen i Algeriet. Familjen Yaqoubis släktträd går tillbaka till Profeten, salla Allahu aleihi wa sallam, genom hans barnbarn Sayyiduna al-Hassan, radhiya Allahu ‘anhu. Deras anor går också tillbaka till Mawlay Idris al-Anwar som byggde staden Fes i Marocko.

   Från denna familjen kom Syrien att få se några av dess mest prominenta lärda; Shaykh Sharif al-Yaqoubi (d. 1943) som var hans fars farbror, och Shaykh Muhammad ‘Arabi al-Yaqoubi  (d.1965) som var hans fars morbror – Båda erhöll positionen som imamer representerade den malikitiska rättsskolan i den berömda Umayyad moskén. Hans egne far, och lärare, Shaykh Ibrahim al-Yaqoubi var en av de mest framstående lärda i de religiösa vetenskaperna som Syrien frambringat de senaste femtio åren – även han var verksam som imam och lärare vid Umayyad moskén.

   Shaykh Muhammad Abul Huda al-Yaqoubi föddes i Damaskus den 13:de Dhul-Hijjah 1382 H. (5 maj, 1963). Från de allra tidigaste åren i hans barndom gjorde han sin far sällskap under samtliga av hans föreläsningar och olika sammankomster – både offentliga och privata sådana, i hemmet och utanför.

 
IJAZAT

   Shaykh al-Yaqoubi innehar flera ijazat (tillstånd) att lära ut andlig och religiös kunskap, att återberätta och utfärda juridiska utlåtanden under islamsk lag (Shariah).

  • – Efter att Shaykh al-Yaqoubis far tränat honom i den andliga vägen (Tasawwuf)   fick han  tillstånd att verka som murshid (andlig vägledare).
  • – Shaykhen erhöll dessutom flera ijazat i att lära ut de religiösa vetenskaperna av sin far.
  • – Shaykh al-Yaqoubi har även tilldelats ijazat av flera framstående lärde i Syrien, inklusive: den malikitiske muftin av Syrien Sayyid Makki al-Kittani och den hanafitiske muftin av Syrien Muhammad Abdul Yusr Abidin, den store murshid Ali al-Boudaylimi från Tlemcen, Abdul Aziz Uyun al-Sud och Salih al-Khatib.

 
UTBILDNING

   Från 4-årsåldern fick Shaykhen genomgå en gedigen traditionell utbildning i de religiösa vetenskaperna (Hadith, fiqh, ‘aqidah, m.m.), som varade i 20 år. Under denna period studerade Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi de stora klassiska verken för Shariahs discipliner med sin far, tillsammans gick de igenom över 500 böcker – somliga från pärm till pärm, andra partiellt (somliga verk låg på flera volymer). Utöver den religiösa utbildningen har Shaykhen också avslutat andra högre studier:

  • – En examen i arabisk litteratur och en avslutad 2-årig utbildning I filosofi på Beirut Arab University (1987)
  • – År 1991 skrev Shaykhen in sig på det lingivistiska fil.dr-programmet på Göteborgs universitet, där han också arbetade som forskare och lärare i klassisk arabisk litteratur.

   Shaykhens kunskapsområde vad beträffar de traditionella religiösa vetenskaperna omfattar bl.a. teologi, Koran- och Hadith-kunskap, fiqh (jurispundens) och usul (metodologi) och arabisk grammatik.

 
VERKSAMHET

   Vid 11-årsåldern började Shaykhen undervisa i Koranstudier på Darwishiyya moskén i Damaskus; hans första fredagspredikant höll han som 14-åring i al-Sadaat moskén. När han blev 17 år gammal erhöll positionen som imam och fredagspredikant – tre år senare blev han lärare i islamska studier.

   Mellan år 1991 och 2001 har Shaykh al-Yaqoubi arbetat i Kuwait, USA och Sverige. Vidare har han rest runt om i världen för att lära ut religiös kunskap, föreläsa och informera om Islam; han har besökt flera platser i Nordamerika, Europa, Fjärran östern och andra delar av den arabiska världen. Han har också arbetat för intereligiösa dialoger och deltagit i debatten om olika politiska och sociala förhållanden och orättvisor. I Kuwait arbetade Shaykhen som forskningsredaktör på Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah, och mellan år 1998-1999 som biträdande direktör för forskning och studier.

   Shaykhen var bland de första [bland de islamska lärde] att tala ut om den syriska regimen (20011) och har intagit en ledande roll i framtidens Syrien. Utrikesministrar, dignitärer och politiska tankesmedjor från världens alla hörn har sökt hans råd och vägledning. Den nobla Shaykhen har deltagit i den global insatsen som propagerar för en fredfull övergång till demokrati och stabilitet genom regelbundna intervjuer med ledande TV-presentatörer, organisationer och journalister. Shaykh Muhammads huvudfråga och främsta fokus under år 2013 har varit den pågående, växande humanitära krisen i Syrien.

   Shaykhen undervisar på några av Damaskus mest framstående institutioner, där han också har sitt residens. Han lär ut ‘Aqidah (teologi) i Umayyad moskén, innehar positionen som Jumu’a Khatib (fredagspredikant) på Jami’ al-Hassan moskén, Shaykh Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi, och undervisar epistlet al-Risalah av Imam al-Qushayri och den berömda al-Shama’il al-Muhammadiyyah av Imam al-Tirmidhi.

 
ELEVER

   Några av vår tids lärda har studerat under Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi. Till hans elever hör bl.a.:

  • – Shaykh Faisal Abdur-Razzak
  • – Shaykh Hamza Yusuf
  • – Shaykh Dr. Gibril F. Haddad
  • – Dr. Husain Abdul Sattar
  • – Shaykh Munawwar Ateeq Rizwi

 
SKT-WELFARE

   SKT-Welfare รคr en ideell välgörenhetsorganisation, som arbetar under vägledning av Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi. Med sin djupa insikt i den syriska saken kan han förmedla det syriska folkets behov och interna situation till välgörenheten.

Läs mer om välgörenheten och deras verksamhet här:  http://sktwelfare.org/

 
ร–RVIGT
 
   År 2012 listades Shaykhen bland De 500 mest inflytesrika muslimerna av Georgetown universitets Prince Alwaleed Bin-Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding och Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre.

   Han har studerat och talar ~7 språk, bl.a. engelska, franska, tyska och svenska. 

Pictures


Youth pictures

4

1

2

2. Hounlslow (Bukhari) 2003

3. Hounlslow (Bukhari) 2003
Signing certificates

4a. London retreat 2007

4b. Hounlslow, Bukhari Khatam โ€“ 2003

5. Madina – summer 2005

6. Jakarta, Indonesia, Masjid al-Istiqlal โ€“ Sept 2006

7. Zaytuna 2003?

8. New York 2004?

9. Lahore 2005

10. California 2003?

11. California 2003?

12. Pittsburg Nov 2004
Sama` of Imam al-Tirmidhi’s al-Shama’il

Sheikh Muhammad al-Ya`qubi as a young man

Sources & acknowledgements:
[1]
[2] Sheikh Ibrahim Institute
[3] Sheikh Ibrahim Institute
[4a] Sheikh Ibrahim Institute
[4b] Sheikh Ibrahim Institute
[5]
[6] Sheikh Ibrahim Institute
[7] Zaytuna Institute
[8] blog
[9]
[10] Zaytuna Institute
[11] Zaytuna Institute
[12] www.rawdah.org
[young] (book)

Damas Cultural Society
www.damas.st
Latest update: 2007-03-17


Ref's

Referenes:
The most infuential Muslims The Musim500
Sacred Knowlege sacredknowledge.co.uk

External links:
Biography (pdf) [arabic] * CD’s
The Ya`qoubi family * Burial places of the Yaqoubi family
Obituary to his late wife Fariza
Poetry written by him * Poetry in his honor

More… Ijazat in `ulum and tariqa * Khutbas (voice and write-up) * A compendium of knowledge, London 2007 (mp3/video)

Poems

t.b.d.

Books

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Bio: Sh. Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Buzidi

Sayyidi Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Al-Buzidi

ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุจูˆุฒูŠุฏูŠ
d. 1229 H. in … (… CE)

๏ทฝ

He was the Khalifa of Sh. ยดArabi Dirqawi.
Ibn ยดAjiba was his student

 

English

From the Ghamari tribe.
Student of Qasim ibn Mawlana Idris near Tanga

ุนุฑุจูŠ

 

Meeting Sh. Dirqawi

Section from “Al-Adab al-Maridyya” on how Sh. al-Buzidi met his shaykh, Imam al-Dirqawi
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Photos

t.b.d.
 
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Bio: Sh. Muhammad ibn Hasan ibn Hamza Zhafir al-Madani

Shaykh Muhammad ibn Hasan ibn Hamza Zhafir al-Madani

ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุญุณู† ุธุงูุฑ ุจู† ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ
b. in al-Madina al-Munawwara – d. 1262 H. in Misrata (Libya)
qaddasa Allah sirrahu

๏ทฝ

He took the noble Shadhili Tariqa from Sayyidi Shaykh โ€˜Arabi al-Dirqawi al-Hasani.
He passed the path on to Sayyidi Shaykh Muhammad ibn Masโ€˜ud al-Fasi
May Allah be pleased with all of them

From Al-Futuhat

From: Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya al-Kubra by al-Hasan al-Kuhan

His biography is found in the Futuhat1 of Sayyidi Sheikh Muhammad ibn Masยดud al-Fasi, where he says:

I took the Shadhili tariqa from my Master and Teacher, who reared murids by himma and hal and brought them to the stage of realization by particular stages of progression, the Pole of the Circle, the Channel of provisions (al-Maddad al-Ghauth), the Unique Uniter (al-Jamiยด al-Fard),the Sheikh,ย my Master Muhammad ibn Hamza al-Zhafir al-Madani – may his great secret be sanctified – year 1242 H., after the passing of his teacher [Sheikh Muhammad ยดArabi al-Darqawi d. 1239 H.] and his return from the Marokko to Tripoli. Then Allah joined me with him, and I took from his essential lights and his impelling knowledge – that is I took from the lights that poured down on him from the Presence of the Impellor (al-Jabbar) – for about eighteen years, and Allah made me benefit therefrom.

He – may Allah be pleased with him – was bringing forth saints in his court yard, as the earth brings forth plants when rain pours down on it. His character was the character of the Prophets, and his state wasย  that of the most elect of the elect of the saints and the pure. He – may Allah be pleased with him – was a Qutb, from whose lights the Qutbs are provided, and from whose oceans the noblest take provisions. Whoever looked at him was enriched, whoever knew him would not desire anyone else. He had wonderful states and strange secrets. He strove in the science of interactions (muยดamalat) until he reached the highest level, and he served the saints – until the most elect of the elect from amongst the saints and the pure ones served him. He traveled along this path for some twenty-five years in the far Maghrib (Morocco), until he reached the shores of ยด Ain Hamiyya, while serving by his own hands the Sheikhs and the righteous ones, while seeking the the settlement of Layla – until he found her people in Ha’it Layla, which is the name of a place where our Master Sheikh al-ยดArabi [al-Darqawi] resided.

He – may his secret be sanctified – passed away in 1262 H. [*] and was buried in his zawiya. His maqam there is visited from by travellers from all places.

Allah, makes us benefit from him, and gather us under his flag. Amin.


(*) In the edition of Dar al-Bayruti of 2000, it is written 1242, however the year was 1262 as stated in al-Futuhat al-Rabbaniyya. /bmk

Tรผrkรงe

Seyyiduna Muhammed bin Hasan bin Hamza Zafir el-Medeni
Muhammed el-Fรขsรฎ Efendimiz (Allah Teรขlรข ondan razฤฑ olsun), (tarikatฤฑ) ลŸeyhi, bรผyรผk kutub, meลŸhur รถnder, Muhammed bin Hamza Zรขfir el-Medenรฎ Efendimizden (Allah Teรขlรข ondan razฤฑ olsun) almฤฑลŸtฤฑr. Nitekim โ€œFรผtรผhรขtโ€ฤฑnda ondan bahsetmiลŸtir ve ลŸรถyle demiลŸtir:

ลžรขziliyye tarikatฤฑnฤฑ; H.1242 senesinde, hocasฤฑnฤฑn (ลžeyh Muhammed โ€˜Arabi al-Dirqawi v.1239) vefatฤฑndan ve MaฤŸripโ€™ten Batฤฑ Trablusโ€™a dรถnรผลŸรผnden sonra efendim, รผstadฤฑm, mรผridleri himmeti ve hali ile terbiye eden, onlarฤฑ farklฤฑ ilerleyiลŸ mertebeleriyle tahkik makamฤฑna ulaลŸtฤฑran, dรขirenin kutbu (bir tasavvufi terim: Adn Cennetinโ€™de, Hakkฤฑ gรถrmek รผzere insanlarฤฑn bir araya gelip toplanmฤฑลŸ halde bulunuลŸuna verilen isim), medet ve yardฤฑm kanalฤฑ, Efendim ลžeyh Muhammed b. Hamza Zรขfir el-Medenรฎโ€™den (Allah Teala aziz ruhunu takdis etsin) aldฤฑm. Allah Teala beni onunla buluลŸturdu ve ona has nurlarฤฑndan ve ceberuta dair marifetlerini รถฤŸrendim. Bรถylece Cebbar olanฤฑn huzurunda onun ruhunun รผzerine dolup taลŸan bu nurlardan takriben on sekiz sene iktibas etmiลŸ oldum ve Allah Teala beni onunla faydalandฤฑrdฤฑ.

Allah ondan razฤฑ olsun, รผzerine yaฤŸmur yaฤŸdฤฑฤŸฤฑnda topraฤŸฤฑn yeลŸillikler bitirmesi gibi etrafฤฑnda Allah dostlarฤฑ biterdi. Ahlakฤฑ enbiyanฤฑn ahlakฤฑydฤฑ ve evliya ve esfiyadan hรขs olanlara รถzgรผ halleri vardฤฑ. Sฤฑrlarฤฑ takdis edilsin kutup idi. Kutup zatlara uzanan nurlarฤฑ ve soylu kiลŸilere ulaลŸan okyanuslarฤฑ vardฤฑ. Kim ona bakarsa o kiลŸiyi zengin ederdi. Kim onu tanฤฑrsa ondan baลŸkasฤฑnฤฑ istemezdi. Ve harikulade hallere ve acayip sฤฑrlara sahipti. Yรผksek makamlara ulaลŸana kadar muamelรขt ilminde gayret gรถsterdi. Evliyanฤฑn ve esfiyanฤฑn en seรงilmiลŸ olanlar ona hizmet edene kadar evliyaya hizmet etti. Bu tarik รผzere, yaklaลŸฤฑk 25 sene โ€˜Ayn Hamiye sahillerine varana kadar Uzak MaฤŸrip topraklarฤฑnda dolaลŸtฤฑ, ลžeyhlere ve salih kimselere bizzat kendisi hizmet ederek ve Leylรขโ€™nฤฑn yerini arayarak. Ta ki โ€œHรขitu Leyla’da (Leyla’nฤฑn Duvarฤฑnda)โ€ onun ehlini bulana kadar. Hรขitu Leyla, Efendimiz ลžeyh el-Arabiโ€™nin ebedi istirahat ettiฤŸi yer iรงin (kullanฤฑlan) mekanฤฑn adฤฑdฤฑr.

Sฤฑrrฤฑ takdis edilsin, H.1262* senesinde vefat etti. Ve Mฤฑsrataโ€™daki zaviyesine defnedildi. Makamฤฑ Mฤฑsrataโ€™tadฤฑr. Makamฤฑ her yerden ziyaretรงi alฤฑr. Ey Allahโ€™ฤฑm bizi onunla faydalanmayฤฑ nasip et ve bizi onun sancaฤŸฤฑ altฤฑnda haลŸret. Amin.

(*) Dar al-Bayrutiโ€™nin 2000 yฤฑlฤฑna ait nรผshasฤฑnda yฤฑl 1242 olarak belirtilmiลŸtir, ancak Futuhat-ฤฑ Rabbaniyyeโ€™de 1262 olarak belirtilmiลŸtir. /bmk

Referans: Tabakat el-ลžaziliyye el-Kubra, El-Hasan el-Kuhin

ุนุฑุจูŠ

Bio note:
ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุญุณู† ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ (1864ู…) ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุซู… ุฌุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูˆู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ ูˆุตุงุฑ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุชุจุงุนู‡ ุซู… ุนุงุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฎู„ูŠูุฉู‹ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุซู… ุงุณุชูˆุทู† ู…ุตุฑุงุชุฉ ูˆุฏูู† ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชุฑุฌุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ

ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุญุณู† ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ (1864ู…) ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุซู… ุฌุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูˆู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ ูˆุตุงุฑ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุชุจุงุนู‡ ุซู… ุนุงุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฎู„ูŠูุฉู‹ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุซู… ุงุณุชูˆุทู† ู…ุตุฑุงุชุฉ ูˆุฏูู† ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชุฑุฌุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ

Notes on turuq:

_ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ (ุช . 1262 ) ูˆุนู†ู‡ ุชูุฑุนุช ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ :
ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุดู‡ุฑุช ุจุงู„ุญุฌุงุฒ ูˆู„ูŠุจูŠุง
ูˆุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุดุฑุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุดุชู‡ุฑุช ุจุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุงู… ูˆูู„ุณุทูŠู† ูˆ ุฑูˆุฏูˆุณ ูˆุชุฑูƒูŠุง ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃุชุจุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฏ ุฎู€ู€ุงู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงุดุชู‡ุฑุช ุจุงู„ุญุฌุงุฒ ูˆู…ุตุฑ ูˆุณูŠุฑู„ุงู†ูƒุง .

His sons

Sayyiduna Shaykh Muhammad ibn Hasan ibn Hamza Zhafir had three sons, who are buried in Istanbul
  • Shaykh Muhammad Zhafir (d. 1321 H. / 1903 CE) who was his khalifa in the Shadhili Path
  • Shaykh Hamza Zhafir (d. 1904 CE)
  • Shaykh Bashir Zhafir (d. 1909 CE)
  • Refs

    Damas Cultural Society ยฉ 2017
    Damas Cultural Society ยฉ 2007

    See seaprate entry on his son
    Sayyidi Shaykh Muhammad Zhafir” target=”_blank”>
    b. 1244 in Misrata – d. 1321 H. in Istanbul (1829 – 1903 CE)

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    Bio: Sh. Muhammad ibn Masยดud al-Fasi

    Shaykh Muhammad b. Masยดud al-Fasi

    ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุณุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ
    b. ~1212 H. in Fas โ€“ d. 1289 H. in Makka
    qaddasa Allah sirrahu

    ๏ทฝ

    His Sheikh in the Shadhili tariqa was Sayyidi Muhammad ibn Hamza Zhafir al-Madani. Amongst his Khalifas in Sham is shaykh Muhammad al-Tayyib.

    Through Sheikh Muhammad ibn Mas`ud al-Fasi we received al-Yaqutiyya, the powerful wird upon the Prophet, which he received directly from him (salllAlllah `aleihi wa sallam), while sitting in al-Rawda al-Sharifa in Madina.

    Biography


    Contents:
    1- His upbringing and studies
    2- Years of mujahada and khidma
    3- Finding his Sheikh, and opening at his hands
    4- His travels and his passing away
    5- His miracles
    6- His Poetry
    7- Al-Yaqutiyya
    8- His successors (khalifa’s)
    9- His writings

    1- His upbringing and studies
    He was born in al-Maghrib al-Aqsa (Marokko today) in the city of Fas. His date of birth is unknown, however it can be inferred from the date when he met his Sheikh, Sayyidi Muhammad ibn Hamza Zhafir al-Madani (who was in turn a student of Sayyidi Imam Muhammad al-`Arabi al-Darqawi), in 1242 H. Assuming that he was at that time around thirty yeras old, his date of birth an be estimated to the beginning ofย  1210’s.

    He studied the Quran and the religious sciences in Fas under its greatest teachers. In the the Maliki madhhab, he studied the book al-Khalil, and its commentaries by al-Kharashi and `Abd al-Baqi under the faqih al-Qadi al-`Abbas Abu Sauda ibn Murra al-Fasi al-Maliki. He studiedย  tafsir, and hadith and its terminology under the great muhaddith Sheikh `Abd al-Salam al-Bar`i, a member of the leage of `ulama, who was amazed at his capacity of memorization and intellectual and spiritual gifts. With Sheikh al-`Arabi al-Zarhuni al-Fasi, he studied books of hadith, history and sira such as: al-Kala`i, al-Waqidi, al-Harifash, al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib [books specified in the footnote of Tabaqat]. He studied Arabic literature, grammar and logic with Sheikh `Abd al-Salam ibn Musa al-Andalusi. And he read the Qursheyri Risala and other tasawwuf books with Sheikh al-Tihami ibn Hamadi.

    2- Years of mujahada and khidma
    After completing his Shari`a studies, he secludedย  himself to worship his Lord, and spent day and night doing salutations upon the Prophet sall Allah `aleihi wa sallam. He used to recite the entire book of Dala’il al-Khayrat twentyone times every day, apart from other devotions such as the fard, sunna and mustahabb of salat, Quranic recital and adhkar. He often visited the awlia, the dead and the living. He was virtuous, abstaining from what Allah ta`ala has forbidden and turning down his glance fron what He dislikes. He left dunia behind him, and was engrossed in the love of Allah ta`ala.

    At this time, he used to serve the brothers, cutting wood for them, and providing for them the things they liked. One of the miracles told of him occurred in this time: One day, four thieves came to steel from him. He pointed at them with his hand, and Allah made them blind to him, so that they could not see him, and they said to each other: “Where did he go? He was with us just now!” All this time he was with them, hearing what they said. [Cf. a similar story about Sayyidi Imam Abul Hasan.]

    One of the men of Allah, known as al-Sharif Ahmad al-Ghiran, used to give him the tidings of wilaya. He was a man of gnosis and elevated states, whom nobody could approach, but when he met our Master, while in one of these states, he regained sobriety, hugged him and said to him: Hell my Master ibn `Ata Allah – this was how he would always address him.

    3- Finding his Sheikh, and opening at his hands
    He travelled to Tarablus al-Gharb (Tripoli), in search for a spiritual guide, andย  in 1242 H. he was led to Sheikh Sayyidi Muhammad ibn Hamza Zhafir al-Madani (d. 1264 H), who had in turn taken the Shadhili tariqa from Sayyidi al-Sharif al-`Arabi ibn Ahmad al-Darqawi (d. 1239/1240 H). As soon as he met him, he realized that this was the guide that Allah ta`ala had chosen for him, and his heart became instantly attached to him. With him he stayed for eighteen years. Through him he received openings and became firmly established on the Path, of which he testtifies as follows:

    “Allah gave me knowledge like the knowledge He gave to the predessors before (man sabaqa min al-Awwalin), and what al-Haqq gave me has room only in my breast.”

    And: “By Allah, if it was not that I am bound by the Shari`a, I would disclose the most strange of strange things.”

    And: “I have at this time received the permission from Allah and His Messenger to say: This my foot is above the neck of every living saint. I said this, while in the Diwan of the Awlia of Allah ta`ala, and some of the awlia that were present wanted to utter these words, but I said to him: By Allah’s Highness and Majesty, if you utter them, I will remove you from the Diwan and stripp you off your sainthood. So he remained silent and did not utter them.”

    4- His travels and his passing away
    He was given permission by his Sheikh to guide seekers while the latter was still alive. In 1260, he left al-Maghrib and spent twenty-nine years travelling through the lands of Hijaz, Hind, Yemen, Sham, Misr, calling to Allah and His Mesesenger, and spreading the Shadhili tariqa, and he founded countless zawiyas of dhikr circles. He came to Misr in 1289. That same year he went to Makka al-Mukarrama, where he passed away, and was buried in al-Ma`la.

    5- Among his miracles are the following:
    During one of his travels, he was staying in a town in the province of Tarablis (Tripolis). As its people saw on him the signs of rightousness, they gathered around him, crying, complaining, and begging him to help them against the oppression they suffered from their ruler, until the Sheikh – may Allah preserve his secret – was crying with them. Then he said: By Allah, other them Who there is no deity, He will not remain as a ruler over you more than this month, either he will be removed or he will die. No more than three days passed after this utterance, before this ruler was removed from power, and faced with accusations which led to his death sentence.

    While on one of his travels, he suffered difficulties and weariness that made hes feet swollen, and something inappropriate concerning his teacher came to his mind, and he made the intention to go to al-Makka al-Mukarrama, to search for a perfect Sheikh. That night, he saw al-Haqq, high and majestic is He, in a dream. He ordered that he be whipped twice as a corrective, then he said: My God, I repent to you. Then Allah ta`ala said: Release him! Then He made him stand in front of Him and said: Ask Me! He said: My God, I ask from You protection (from sin – `isma). He said: I do not give you protection (from sin), this is not for anyone except for the Prophets. Then (the Sheikh) said: My God, i ask from You to be preserved (al-hifzh). He said: It is yours. Then he awoke from sleep.

    Writings & Poetry

    His writings
    Amongst his books are:
    “Al-Kanz al-Mutalsam – ุงู„ูƒู†ุฒ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุณู…”
    “Maratib al-Din wa nihayat al-`arifin – ู…ุฑุงุชุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฑู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†”
    “Al-Futuhat al-Rabbaniyya – ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ”

    In his book “al-Futuhat al-Rabbaniyya” (The Lordly Openings) [3], Sheikh Muhammad al-Fasi describes his sheikh and his silsila, and puts forth twentyfive reasons for the superiority of the Shadhili silsila. Some of this is reproduced in Tabaqat al-Shadhiliyya [1]

    Poetry
    In a Qasida, consisting of seventy verses, he mentions Allah’s favors on him, some of which are quoted below:

    ุดุฑุจุช ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุฑู‘ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุงุก *** ูุณูƒุฑูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุญู‚ุง ูˆู…ุง ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุฒุน
    ุณู‚ุงู†ูŠ ุณุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจ ูู„ู… ุฃุฑ *** ุณูˆุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ู„ุงู…ุน
    ูˆู„ุง ุฎุทุฑุชู’ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุณูˆุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠุฉ *** ูู…ู‡ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุช ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงุฒุน
    ูˆุฃุจุตุฑุช ู…ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซุฑู‰ *** ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฑุด ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ู„ุญูƒู…ูŠ ุทุงุฆุน
    ูุตุฑุช ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุณุงู‚ูŠ ู„ู…ู† ุฌุงุก ุนุงุทุดุง *** ู…ุนูŠุซุง ู„ู…ู† ู†ุงุฏุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุดุงูุน
    ุฃู†ุง ุงุดุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฏุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ *** ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุดุฑุจ ููŠู‡ ูˆุฏุงุฆุน
    ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุฑู‘ ูˆุงู„ุฎูุง *** ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ูˆุงู„ุฃู‚ู…ุงุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุฑูŠ ุณุงุทุน
    ููŠุง ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู„ู‡ูˆู ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุธุงู…ุฆุง *** ูู†ุงุฏูŠ ุจู†ุง ูŠุง ูุงุณูŠ ุขุชุŒ ุฃูุณุฑุน

    I drank the drink of the secret from the wine of serenity
    โ€“ my drunkennes by it is real, none can contest it.
    Served by the tender of its drinks, the Beloved, I did not see
    anyone at all except Him in the universe, resplendant,
    And nothing occurred to me to be besides Him,
    so whatever I saw of creation did not worry me.
    I saw all upon earth and above the Pleyads,
    even the Throne and the Kursi, obeying my command.
    Thus I became the tender of drinks to those who come thirsty
    assisting the one who calls me, interceding for all.
    I am the drinking and the drink and the cup in which
    (secrets) are deposited for the people of drinking.
    I am the lighting and the lights, and the secret and the hiding
    I am the sun, and the planets reflect my light
    O you in distress, if you are thristy,
    call “Ya Fasi, come!” and I’ll hurry.

    Yaqutiyya

    7- Al-Yaqutiyya
    Through him, we also have the Yaqutiyya, which he received as follows:

    One day he was sitting in the mosque of the Prophet, sall Allah `aleihi wa sallam in Madina, recitng the Shadhili awrad, then continuing with salawat upon the Prophet, when he heard him, sall Allah `aleihi wa sallam, saying to him: “Do more salawat, o Fasi!” He asked: “What should I say, O Messenger of Allah?” Then he, sall Allah `aleihi wa `ala alihi wa sallam, said: “Say:

    (* Allah and His Angels send blessings over the Prophet. O you who believe, send blessings over him, and salutations. *) O Allah, send blessings and salutations over the one for whose sake You unfolded Your secrets of imposing Power, and made Your lights of Mercifulness break through. (Etc. to the end).”

    Successors

    His successors (khalifa’s)
    His son, Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Makki al-Fasi, carried on his fathers work, spreading the tariqa in Hijaz, Sham and Misr. He is buried with his father in al-Ma`la in Makka.

    In Sham, he had two successors:

  • Sheikh Muhmmad al-Tayyib ibn Muhammad al-Mubarakย  al-Hasani.
    The latter has passed down the tariqa through his brother, Sheikh Muhammad al-Mubarak, to the Ya`qubi family.
  • and al-Amir `Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza’iri al-Hasani, the famous mujahid

    Al-Amir `Abd al-Qadir wrote a long poem in praise of his Master Sheikh Muhammad al-Fasi. It begins by narrating his meeting with him Makka, year 1279, as follows:

    ุฃู…ุณุนูˆุฏ!! ุฌุงุก ุงู„ุณุนุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ูŠุณุฑ *** ูˆูˆู„ุช ุฌูŠูˆุด ุงู„ู†ุญุณุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ุง ุฐูƒุฑู
    ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠ ุตุฏูˆุฏู ูˆุงู‚ุทุงุนู ูˆุฌูุฑุฉู *** ูˆู‡ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠ ุณุงุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆู„ุงุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑ
    ูุฃูŠุงู…ู‡ุง ุฃุถุญุช ู‚ุชุงู…ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุฏุฌู†ุฉู‹ *** ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุง ู†ุฌู… ูŠุถูŠุฆ ูˆู„ุง ุจุฏุฑ

    (for continuation see the article on Sh. Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza’iri)

    O Mas`ud! may fortune come, and goodness and ease,
    may the armies of darkness turn back, no longer mentioned.
    My nights are (nights of) obstruction, being cut off and estranged,
    separated from the Masters – unnameable (is this) separation.
    Days have become gloomy, and black
    the nights; no stars are there to light it up, and no fullmoon.
    My bed in (these nights) is filled of anxiety and emaciation,
    the side gives me no pleasure in it, nor does the back.
    All night I call, with a heart enthralled by love,
    and passion burning for what the breast desires.
    O my Master! The separation has been long, patience is broken,
    O my Master! will there, after this night, be a daybreak?
    Aid – o you who aid those who seek aid
    – one who has lost his senses (because of love and grief),
    stricken with harm, after his beloved ones (left).
    I call to ask all creation: is there any announcer of news,
    who can tell me about them, that the news may revive me?
    Until the Sheikh’s aspiration called me from a distance
    afar: O come near! I have a treasure for you!
    So I tucked up the lose end of my izar, and was carried,
    on wings of yearning, that will never break.
    For the one who loves, Tihama is not far [],
    ease does not divert him, nor does roughness (deter him) โ€“
    Until we made our camels kneel down in the Valley,
    and I dismounted my saddle, and joy for it was complete.
    A Valley in which the mighty House is the Qibla โ€“
    nothing except what’s beyond it can boast such greatness [].
    A Valley in which lawful game is prohibited โ€“
    whoever makes it lawful, the load of his crime rests on him.
    He came to me, who raises (adepts to the level of) gnostics,
    and nothing was strange โ€“ every matter became clear [].
    He said: “I have been, for so many hajj seasons
    awaiting your meeting, o fullmoon!
    You are my beloved son, since (Allah said) “Am I not your Lord?
    truely, this hour is enclosed in the Tablet and the Scriptures.”
    Your grandfather gave you a foot, in which for us is
    your treasure โ€“ what a good a treasure!
    Thus I kissed his feet and his carpet
    and he said: “Good tidings to you, now fate is accomplished.”
    And he cast over my brass his secret’s Elixir,
    and to him was said: “This is an ore of pure gold”

    Etc. The poem consists of more than hundred verses. It is preserved in the Zhahiri library in Damascus, and reproduced in [4].

  • ุนุฑุจูŠ

    [63] ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ (…-1289)
    Ref: Kuhin

    ู‚ุงู„ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ูˆุฃู…ุง ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ูุฅู†ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ุชุดุฑุนู‹ุง ู…ุชุญู‚ู‚ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุชุฎู„ู‚ู‹ุง ุจุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ูˆุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุนุทุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒุดูุŒ ูˆุฃู„ุจุณู‡ ู…ู† ุญู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุจุฉุŒ ูˆุชูˆุฌู‡ ุจุชุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุณุจุบ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุนู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุนุทุงู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูุณุจู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฑูุงู† ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ ุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุนุทู‰ ูƒู„ ุฐูŠ ุญู‚ ุญู‚ู‡ุŒ ุงุชุณุน ูƒุดูู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุณู…ุน ุชุณุจูŠุญ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฑ([1])ุŒ ูุฒุงุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุดุฑูู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฑูุน ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุณู†ู‰ ุดุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ุงุบุชุฑู ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุนุฌุฒ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุง ุนู„ูˆู… ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุชุจุงู„ูŠุŒ ุฃูŽุตุบู ุจู‚ู„ุจูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃูู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู…ู† ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุดุงูŠุฎู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุทู†.

    ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ุŒ ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู…ุงู… ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุจู† ุฃู†ุณ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃุดูŠุงุฎู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ูู‡ู‘ุงู…ุฉุŒ ุนู…ุฏุฉู ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุฃุจูˆ ุณูˆุฏุฉ ุงุจู† ู…ุฑู‘ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุŒ ู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ยซุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู„ยป ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ุŒ ูˆุดุงุฑุญู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑุดูŠุŒ ูˆุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูˆุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ุจุฑุนูŠุŒ ู‚ุฑุฃ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุชุฎุฑู‘ูŽุฌูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู† ูŠุชุนุฌุจ ู…ู† ุญูุธู‡ ูˆู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุทู„ุงุนู‡ ูˆูƒุดูู‡. ูˆุฃู…ุง ูƒุชุจู ุงู„ุณู‘ููŠุฑ ูƒุงู„ูƒูŽู„ุงุนูŠ([2]) ูˆุงู„ูˆู‚ุฏูŠ([3]) ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูŠููŠุด([4]) ูˆยซุงู„ุชุฑุบูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑู‡ูŠุจยป([5])ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุŒ ูุชุฎุฑู‘ูŽุฌ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุงู… ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑู‡ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ. ูˆุฃู…ุง ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุญูˆุŒ ูˆุจุนุถ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฏุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ูˆุชุฎุฑุฌ ุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฏูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆุญุฏ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ูˆุณู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏู„ุณูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุฑุฃ ยซุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉยป ู„ู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠ([6])ุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูุฑูŠุฏ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงู…ูŠ ุจู† ุญู…ุงุฏูŠ. ูู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุฃุดูŠุงุฎู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ููƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุชุนุฌุจูˆู† ู…ู† ุดุฏุฉ ุงุทู„ุงุนู‡ุŒ ูˆุณุฑุนุฉ ุญูุธู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู‚ุชู„ุงุนู‡ุ› ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุญููˆุธู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุซู… ุงุดุชุบู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุนุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุญุชู‰ ูƒุงู† ู…ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู„ ููŠู‡ู…:

    ุฑุฌุงู„ูŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… * ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูู„ูƒ ุฅู„ุงู‘ ุงุณู…ูู‡ู ูˆุนูู‚ุงุจูู‡

    ููƒุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ู…ูุดุชุบู„ู‹ุง ุขู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุจูŠู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฎุชู… ยซุฏู„ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุงุชยป ููŠ ูƒู„ู‘ู ูŠูˆู…ู ุฅุญุฏู‰ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุนู‚ุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุชู„ุงูˆุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ูˆุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงุชุŒ ุนููŠูู‹ุง ุนู† ู…ุญุงุฑู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ุบุงุถู‘ู‹ุง ุจุตุฑู‡ ุนู† ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ุซู… ุจุดู‘ูŽุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุฑุฌู„ูŒ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑุงู†ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูˆุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑู ุฃุญุฏูŒ ูŠููƒู„ู‘ู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู‚ูŠ ุฃุณุชุงุฐู†ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุตุญุง ูˆุนุงู†ู‚ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡: ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุจุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฏุฃุจู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุง ู„ู‚ูŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฌู…ุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ุฃุนุธู… ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ู‚ูุฏู‘ุณูŽ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูุงู‚ุชุจุณ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุนุงุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูˆุชูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ูƒุซูŽ ูŠู‚ุชุจุณ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุญู‡ ู…ู† ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุงุจ ู†ุญูˆู‹ู‘ุง ู…ู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠูุฑู‘ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุจุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃุฐู† ู„ู‡ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏุŒ ูˆุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุจู„ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชูุน ุจู‡ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ.

    ูˆูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ู„ุง ุชุญุตู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงุจุชุฏุงุก ุฃู…ุฑู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุญูŠู† ุชุฌุฑุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุณูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆุฑุงุก ุธู‡ุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ูุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุจู†ุงุก ุฌู†ุณู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ุชุงุฆู‡ู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุจู‘ู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุชุทุจ ู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ุง ูŠุฑุถูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุญุงุช ู…ุน ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุฎุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุชุงู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุตูˆุตุŒ ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ูุฃุดุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ูุฃุนู…ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุจุตุงุฑู‡ู… ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: ุฃูŠู† ุฐู‡ุจุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุนู†ุงุŸ! ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุนู‡ู… ูŠุฑุงู‡ู… ูˆูŠุณู…ุนู ุตูˆุชู‡ู….

    ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุตู„ุชู ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุณูŠุงุญุชู‡ ู…ุดู‚ุฉูŒ ูˆุชุนุจุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชูˆุฑู…ุช ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‡ุŒ ูุฎุทุฑ ุจุจุงู„ู‡ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠู„ูŠู‚ ููŠ ุญู‚ู‘ู ุฃูุณุชุงุฐู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุฉ ู„ูŠูุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุฎ ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ูุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ ุฌู„ู‘ ูˆุนู„ุง ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ู‘ู ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุจู‡ ุฃู†ู’ ูŠูุถุฑุจุŒ ูุถุฑุจ ุณูˆุทูŠู† ุฃุฏุจู‹ุงุŒ ุซู… ู‚ุงู„: ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุŒ ุชุจุชู ุฅู„ูŠูƒุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ุชุนุงู„ู‰: ุฃุทู„ู‚ูˆู‡ุŒ ุซู… ุฃูˆู‚ูู‡ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุณู„ู†ูŠ. ูู‚ุงู„: ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุŒ ุณุฃู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ุนุตู…ุฉ. ูู‚ุงู„: ู„ุง ุฃุนุตู…ูƒุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุฅู„ุง ู„ู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก. ูู‚ุงู„: ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุŒ ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูุธ. ูู‚ุงู„: ู„ูƒ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุซู… ุงู†ุชุจู‡ ู…ู† ู†ูˆู…ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุซู… ุชุฑุงุฏูุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ุธู… ู‚ุตูŠุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู†ูˆูู ุนู† ุณุจุนูŠู† ุจูŠุชู‹ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง:

    ุดุฑุจุชู ุดุฑุงุจูŽ ุงู„ุณุฑู‘ู ู…ู† ุฎู…ุฑุฉู ุงู„ุตู‘ูŽูุง * ูุณููƒุฑูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง ูˆู…ุง ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุฒุนู
    ุณู‚ุงู†ูŠ ุณุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจู ูู„ู… ุฃุฑูŽ * ุณูˆุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ู„ุงู…ุนู
    ูˆู„ุง ุฎุทุฑุชู’ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุณูˆุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠุฉูŒ * ูู…ู‡ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุชู ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงุฒุนู
    ูˆุฃุจุตุฑุชู ู…ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซุฑู‰ * ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฑุด ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ู„ุญูƒู…ูŠ ุทุงุฆุนู
    ูุตุฑุชู ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุณู‘ูŽุงู‚ูŠ ู„ู…ู† ุฌุงุก ุนุงุทุดู‹ุง * ู…ูุบูŠุซู‹ุง ู„ู…ู† ู†ุงุฏุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‘ู ุดุงูุนู
    ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุดู‘ูุฑุจู ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจู ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏุญู ุงู„ุฐูŠ * ูŠูƒูˆู†ู ู„ุฃู‡ู„ู ุงู„ุดู‘ูุฑุจ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฏุงุฆุนู
    ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณู‘ูุฑู‘ู ูˆุงู„ุฎูุง * ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุดู…ุณู ูˆุงู„ุฃู‚ู…ุงุฑู ู…ู† ู†ูˆุฑูŠ ุณุงุทุนู
    ููŠุง ุฃูŠู‘ูู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู„ู‡ูˆูู ุฅู†ู’ ูƒู†ุชูŽ ุธุงู…ุฆู‹ุง * ูู†ุงุฏูŠ ุจู†ุง ูŠุง ูุงุณูŠ ุขุชูุŒ ุฃูุณุงุฑุนู

    ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ.

    ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุญุงุชุŒ ูุญู„ู‘ูŽ ุจุฃุฑุถู ู…ู† ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณุŒ ูุงุฌุชู…ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู‡ู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ูุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠุจูƒูˆู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุตุฑุฎูˆู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุธู„ู…ูˆู† ู…ู† ูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุบูŠุซูˆู† ุจุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ูˆุธู„ู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฌูˆู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ูŠุจูƒูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุซู… ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ: ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู‡ูˆุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชูˆู„ูŠู‹ู‘ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠูุนุฒู„ุŒ ูˆุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู…ูˆุชุŒ ูุนุฒู„ ุจุนุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุญุตู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุณุจุจู‹ุง ู„ู…ูˆุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุน ุฑุฃุณู‡.

    ูˆู…ู† ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑ ุจู‡ ุฃุฎูˆู†ุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุงู„: ูƒู†ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุญุงุชุŒ ู‚ุงู„: ูุฏุฎู„ุช ุฐุงุช ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎุŒ ูุฑุฃูŠุช ุดู…ุณ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุฌู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงุทุนุฉุŒ ูˆู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ ููŠ ุฐุงุช ุตูุงุชู‡ ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ู‚ุงู…ุนุฉุŒ ุฅุฐ ุจุฑู‚ ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุงุฑู‚ู ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡: ุชุนุงู„ ูŠุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุงูƒุชุจ ุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุณู…ุน ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„: ุฃุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุณูˆู„ู‡ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„: ู‚ุฏู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ุจุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆู„ูŠู‘ู ุญูŠู‘ู. ู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡: ูู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ุง ูˆุฃู†ุง ููŠ ูˆุณุท ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑูŠู† ุญูŠู†ุฆุฐ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉุŒ ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ูˆุนุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุนุธู…ุชู‡ุŒ ุฅู† ู‚ู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃุฎุฑุฌู†ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠูˆุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุณู„ุจู†ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูุณูƒุชุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠู‚ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููˆู† ููŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุฒ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุฑุฃู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุถุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุฉ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุฃุฎุจุฑ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู…ุง ูŠุจู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุฃุฑุฏุช ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุคู„ูุงุชู‡ ูˆู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆู„ุง ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุฏ ุจู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ู„ุฃุธู‡ุฑุช ุงู„ุนุฌุจ ุงู„ุนุฌุงุจ.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูˆู…ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูˆู… ู…ู† ุณุจู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณุน ู…ุง ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ู‘ู ุฅู„ุง ุตุฏุฑูŠุŒ ููƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ู‚ุทุจู‹ุง ุฑุจุงู†ูŠู‹ู‘ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒู„ู‹ุง ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠู‹ู‘ุงุŒ ุงุฌุชู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุฌู…ุน ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุนุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุชุฌุฑุฏูŠู† ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูุญุตู‰ ุนุฏุฏู‡ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฒุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดุงู…ุŒ ูˆู…ุตุฑุŒ ูˆุณุงุฆุฑ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู….

    ุฎุฏู… ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุงุจุŒ ุณุงุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฃู† ู†ุญูˆ ุชุณุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃูŽู„ู‘ูŽููŽ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูƒุชุจู‹ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ. ูˆุงู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุชุงุจู‡ ยซุงู„ูƒู†ุฒ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ุณู…ยปุŒ ุชุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุชุงุจู‡ ยซุงู„ูุชูˆุญุงุช ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉยป ูˆูƒุชุงุจ ยซู…ุฑุงุชุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ูˆู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ยป ูˆู†ุงู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุคู„ูุงุช ู†ููŠุณุฉ.

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุถูˆุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‰ ุจู…ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑู…ุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู ูˆู…ุฆุชูŠู† ูˆุชุณุน ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠู†.

    ูˆูˆุฑุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุณุฑู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฐุงุชุŒ ูˆุณุฑู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุŒ ู†ุฌู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุนูŠุฏ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠ ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู„ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุงู„ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู†.

    ูˆู„ูˆ ุชุชุจู‘ูŽุนู†ุง ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูˆูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ู„ู… ุชุณุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุงุชุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุฃุฑุฏุช ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฐููƒุฑ ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจูƒุชุงุจ ยซู…ุนุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ยป ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฆูŠ ู‚ูุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‘ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุทุจุนู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู…ุดูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูŠุงู† ุจุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆุจุนุถ ู…ุคู„ูุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡. ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงุฑุฒู‚ู†ูŠ ูˆุฃุญุจู‘ูŽุชูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎุฑุงุท ููŠ ุณู„ูƒู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุฌู‡ู… ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุฌุงู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ู…ู…ุฏู‘ูู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู†. ุขู…ูŠู†.

    ูˆุฃู…ุง ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูุฃุฎุฐ ุนู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑุŒ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุฌู…ู‡ ููŠ ยซูุชูˆุญุงุชู‡ยปุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ุฃุฎุฐุช ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูˆุฃุณุชุงุฐูŠ ู…ุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู† ุจุงู„ู‡ู…ู‘ูŽุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุตู„ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆุตุงู ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงู„ุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุน ุงู„ูุฑุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 1242 ุจุนุฏ ู…ูˆุช ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุฌูˆุนู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ูุฌู…ุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู‚ุชุจุณุช ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุนุงุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูˆุชูŠุฉุŒ ููƒู†ุช ุฃู‚ุชุจุณู ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุญู‡ ู…ู† ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจุงุฑ ู†ุญูˆู‹ุง ู…ู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูู†ูุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡.

    ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุชู†ุจุชู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุจุณุงุญุชู‡ ูƒู…ุง ุชู†ุจุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุจู‚ู„ ุฅุฐุง ุตุจู‘ูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ู‡ ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃุตููŠุงุกุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ู‚ุทุจู‹ุงุŒ ูู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ ุชุณุชู…ุฏู‘ู ุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุงุจุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุจุญุงุฑู‡ ุชุณุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฌุงุจุŒ ู…ู† ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุบู†ุงู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุนุฑูู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุณูˆุงู‡ุŒ ู„ู‡ ุฃุญูˆุงู„ูŒ ุนุฌูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉุŒ ุงุฌุชู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุจู„ุบ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ ุฎุงุตู‘ูŽุฉู ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตููŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุณุงุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฃู† ู†ุญูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุงุญู„ ุนูŠู† ุญู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฎุฏู… ุจู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ูˆุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุทู„ุจ ุญูŠ ู„ูŠู„ู‰ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ูŽู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฆุท ู„ูŠู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุญุงุฆุทู ู„ูŠู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู ู…ูƒุงู†ู ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ.

    ุชูˆููŠ ู‚ูุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุณู†ุฉ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆู…ุฆุชูŠู† ูˆุฃู„ูุŒ ูˆุฏููู† ุจู…ุณุฑุงุช ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ุชู‚ุตุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุญุดุฑู†ุง ุชุญุช ู„ูˆุงุฆู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

    ูˆุฃู…ุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡([7])ุŒ ูุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู† ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ูˆู…ูˆุตู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุฌู…ู‡ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจู‡ ยซุฅุชุญุงู ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉยป ูู‚ุงู„: ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูู†ุณุจุฉู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุตู„ ู…ุฏุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุนู†ุตุฑ ู…ุดุฑุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุจ ุฏุงุฆุฑุชู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุดูŠูˆุฎู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนู‡ุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุซุฑู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุญุดุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุฒู…ุฑุชู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ุจุณุทุช ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ููŠ ยซุทุจู‚ุงุชู†ุงยปุŒ ูˆุฐูƒุฑุชู ุจุนุถ ู…ุขุซุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ูˆู…ู†ุงู‚ุจู‡ุง ูˆู…ุฒุงูŠุงู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู†ู‚ู„ุชู ู…ุง ู„ู„ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ููŠ ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุชุฑุฌู…ู‡ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฌุฏุŒ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุญุฏุŒ ู…ูู„ูŠู‘ูู†ู ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุท ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู†ุดุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ูู†ู‚ูˆู„: ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุทูุฉ ูŠุฏุงูˆูŠุŒ ูˆู„ุบูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏู‡ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุงูˆูŠุŒ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูˆูŠ.

    ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ: ูู‡ูˆ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุณุงุฏุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูุงุŒ ุฃู‡ู„ ุจูŠุช ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูู‰ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑู‘ูุฌุณู ุงู†ุชูู‰ุŒ ูˆุดู…ุณู ู…ุฌุฏู‡ู… ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฎูุงุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‚ุจูู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุจู‚ุงุนู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑูˆู†ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ู‡ู… ู…ุนุธู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุจุญูŠุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ู…ุนุฑูˆููˆู†ุŒ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ู… ุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุขู„ูŠูุŒ ูˆุฑูุน ู†ุณุจู‡ู… ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุตุงู†ูŠูุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู… ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ุธู‡ุงุฆุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุธูŠู…ู‡ู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู…ุŒ ุณูŠู…ุง ุธู‡ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุฃู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฑุงูุŒ ูˆู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุงู‚ูŠุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตุฏุงูุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุŒ ูˆุชูˆุฌ ุจุทุงู„ุนู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ู…ู† ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุจุฑ.

    ู‚ุงู„ ุฃู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† ุงุจู† ุฃู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† ุงุจู† ุฃู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ ููŠ ุธู‡ูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ู†ุตู‘ูู‡: ูˆู„ุง ูŠุญู„ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‡ู…ู„ ู…ุง ุฃุธู‡ุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฌุจ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุธู‡ุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฏู…ูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู„ุง ูŠุฌุฏุฏูˆู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง ุฅู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ ุจู„ุงุฏู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู†ุณุจู‡ู….

    ูˆู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุธู‡ูŠุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุตู‘ูู‡: ูˆูŠุนู„ู… ูˆูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุฃุฌู…ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุณุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทูˆุน ุจู‡ ููŠ ุบุฑุจู†ุง ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู‘ู ูˆู„ุง ุฑูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุฃูุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุฏูุชุฑ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฃู…ุฑู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู…ู„ูƒู‡ ุฃุชุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุงุดุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุถุฑุŒ ูˆุดู‡ุฏุช ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุงูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุฏูุชุฑ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุจุญุซ ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง ูˆุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุจูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุทุนุช ุดูˆูƒุฉู ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุธู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุฃุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู†ุงุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒุฐุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏ. ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุงุฏ ู…ู†ู‡.

    ูˆู†ุญูˆู‡ ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ููŠ ุธู‡ูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฐูƒุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆูˆุตูู‡ ุจุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุดุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุดูƒ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฑุงู ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุดุชู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ููุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูุงุณ ุฏูุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุจุงุณุŒ ุจุงู„ุนูŠูˆู†ุŒ ุชุนุฑู ุจุฃูˆู„ุงุฏ ุงุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุจุฉ ุฒู…ู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุณู…ุงุนูŠู„ุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู†ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูˆู‚ูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุถุนุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ูุฑู‚ุฉูŒ ุจุณูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰([8]). ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ูุฑู‚ุฉูŒ ุจุณุงุญู„ ุฏูƒุงู„ุฉ ุจุซุบุฑ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุขุณููŠุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุถุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃุจูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุตุงู„ุญ ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃุจูŠ ู…ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุบูˆุซุŒ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุจู†ูŠ ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ู‘ูู‡ู… ุฃู‡ู„ ุญูŠุงุก ูˆุณุฎุงุกุŒ ูˆู…ุณูƒู†ุฉู ูˆุนูู‘ุฉุŒ ูˆุฌุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุชุณุจูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ูŠูˆุณู ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุจ ุจุฃุจูŠ ุฏุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุนุธูŠู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุŒ ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ู‹ุงุŒ ุนุงู…ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุฒุงู‡ุฏู‹ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตุฏู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠุฎุชู… ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ุฏุฑู‚ุฉูŒ([9]) ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุชูˆู‚ู‘ู‰ ุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจุŒ ูุตุงุฑ ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุฏุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู‘ูŽุฉูŒ ู…ูุชู‚ู†ุฉูŒ ุจุชุงู…ุณู†ุฉ ุจู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ู† ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุฃู…ู‘ู ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุดุจุงุจู‡ ุชุญูŠู‘ูŽุฑ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูุฃุฑุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนูŠุงู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุดู ู„ู‡ ุนู† ู†ูˆุฑู ูƒุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุนุฑูˆุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุŒ ุถุงุฑุจู‹ุง ู‚ูˆุณู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุฏุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุฏุฑู‚ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญูŠุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠุนุชุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ู…ู† ุขู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุณุจุจู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุธูŠู… ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุŒ ูˆุฎูˆู ุงู„ุฏุนูˆู‰ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎูˆู ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฑุนุŒ ูˆุฅู„ุง ููƒู„ู‘ู ู…ู† ูˆุฌุฏ ู‚ูˆู…ู‡ ูˆุขุจุงุกู‡ ูŠุฏู‘ูŽุนูˆู† ู†ุณุจู‹ุง ุญูุฑู‘ูู…ูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฏุนูŠ ุฎู„ุงูู‡ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฎู„ุงู ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆูƒุฐุจ ุขุจุงุฆู‡.

    ูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู… ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุŒ ุจู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุจู†ูŠ ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ุŒ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูƒุงุซุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุทุนุฉุŒ ุจุนุทูุฉ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฑุณุงู„ุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉูŒ ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุงูุน ูˆุฎูˆุงุต ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ. ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุณุจู…ุง ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ุฃู† ุจู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ูุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุงุฏุงุชู†ุง ุฃุจูŠ ุจูƒุฑุŒ ูˆุนู…ุฑุŒ ูˆุนุซู…ุงู†ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠ ู‚ูุฏู‘ูุณ ุณุฑู‘ู‡ู…. ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌ ุงุจู† ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฑุฃ ุณู„ูƒุฉ ุจุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุถุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุฉุŒ ุฑูˆุถุฉ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูู„ู…ุง ุฎุชู…ู‡ุง ุฃุฌุงุจู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฃูู†ุฒู„ูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ูŠุŒ ุจุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠูƒุŒ ูˆููŠ ู‚ุจูŠู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ูŠุฉ. ูˆู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู‘ูุฑูˆุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุถุฑูˆุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู†ุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ููˆุงูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆุดุฌุงุนุฉ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุง.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: ู…ู† ู…ุณู‘ูŽ ุซูˆุจู‡
    -ุซูˆุจ ุงู„ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ูŠ- ูŠุฑุจุญ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฎุณุฑ. ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุฃุดุงุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุชุญุฏุซู‹ุง ุจู†ุนู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู†ุตูŠุญุฉ ู„ุนุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุ› ูุฅู† ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฅููƒุณูŠุฑู ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจุŒ ู…ู† ุฑุขู‡ู… ุณุนุฏ ุจู‡ู… ุณุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุดู‚ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง.

    ูˆูƒูˆู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ูŠู‹ู‘ุง ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉู‹ ูˆู…ู†ุดุฃ ูˆู†ุณุจุฉู‹ ู„ุง ูŠูู†ุงูู‰ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุนูŠุงู† ุขู„ ุจูŠุช ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ู„ู…ุง ุงุดุชู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุซูŠู† ุฃู† ู…ู† ู‚ุงู… ุจู…ูˆุถุน ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูŠู† ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุญุช ู†ุณุจุชู‡ ุฅู„ูŠู‡.

    ู†ุดุฃ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุนูุงู ูˆุตูŠุงู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุญูŠุงุก ูˆู…ุฑูˆุกุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูˆู‚ุช ุตุจุงู‡ ู…ุดุชุบู„ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑ ู…ุคูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ุญููˆุธู‹ุง. ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ู‡ู…ู…ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู…ุนุตูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ุตุจุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุฉ ุจู‡ุŒ ูุฎุฑุฌุช ุจุฌุณู…ูŠ ู‚ุฑูˆุญ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉูŒ ุนู†ุฏ ูˆุฑูˆุฏ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุณูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุจูŠุŒ ูุงุณุชุบูุฑุชู ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุง ุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ูุถู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู†ุนู…ุฉ.

    ุญูุธ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุญูุธู‹ุง ู…ุชู‚ู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุญุจูˆุจู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ู† ุฑุขู‡. ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ูƒู†ุช ุฃุณู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุทู„ุจุฉ ุฃู„ูˆุงุญู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃู‚ุจุถู ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ุจูŠุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุตุงุญุจู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุธุฑ ููŠู‡: ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ุซู‚ูŠู„ุŒ ููŠู‡ ูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ุฎุณุงุฑุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฎููŠู ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ุง ูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ุŒ ูู„ุง ุฃุฌุฏู ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑุชู‡ู… ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡.

    ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุญุงู„ูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชูƒู„ู‘ูŽููŽุŒ ุจู„ ูŠูƒุชุจู ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ูˆูŠุชุฃู…ู„ู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุชุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุดุชุบู„ู ุจุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู„ุฃู„ูˆุงุญ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุฑุฏ ู…ุนู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ ู„ู„ุณุจุน ุญุชู‰ ุญูุธู‡ุงุŒ ุซู… ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุจูุงุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญูŠุฉ ู…ุฏู‘ูŽุฉู‹ ุตุงู„ุญุฉุŒ ุซู… ู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠู([10]) ุฃุจุง ุงู„ุญุณู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‘ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุŒ ู†ูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูƒุฑุฑุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุจู† ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุง. ู‚ูŠู„: ู‚ุฑุฃ ุจุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ุณุชูŠู† ุณู„ูƒุฉู‹ ููŠ ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏ. ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฎุชู… ุงู„ุฎุชู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชูŠู† ุจูƒู‰ ุจูƒุงุกู‹ ุดุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงุญู…ุฑุช ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ุŒ ูˆุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุถุฑูŠุญ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฅุฏุฑูŠุณุŒ ูู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุญู…ูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุญูุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฏุจู‘ูŽุงุบ ู…ู† ุงุจู†ุชู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ -ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุนุธูŠู…-: ู…ุง ู„ูŠ ุฃุฑุงูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ูˆุฃู„ุญู‘ูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุฃุฎุจุฑู‡ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุงุถุทุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุจูŠุฏู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏู„ู‘ููƒูŽ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุดุงูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุตุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ูุงุชุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุดูŠู‘ู ููŠ ุฑุงุฆูŠุชู‡:

    ูˆู„ุง ุชุณุฃู„ู†ู’ ุนู†ู‡ ุณูˆู‰ ุฐูŠ ุจุตูŠุฑุฉ * ุฎู„ูŠู‘ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ูˆุงุกู ู„ูŠุณ ุจู…ุบุชุฑู‘ู

    ู‚ุงู„: ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ูˆู…ู† ู‡ูˆุŸ ูู‚ุงู„: ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ุงู„ุฃุตูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุณุน ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุจ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู… ู‚ูุฏู‘ุณ ุณุฑู‡: ูˆูƒุงู† ุนุงุฏุชูŠ ุฃู„ุง ุฃูู‚ุฏู…ูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฌู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฅู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูุงุณุชุฎุฑุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูุจุชู‘ู ุฃุฎูˆุถ ููŠ ุตูุงุชู‡: ูƒูŠู ู‡ูˆุŸ ูˆูƒูŠู ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ุงู‚ุงุชูŠ ู…ุนู‡ุŸ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู… ูŠุฃุฎุฐู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุตู„ูŠุช ุงู„ุตุจุญ ู‚ุตุฏุชู‡ ู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู‘ูู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ูุฏู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุจุงุจุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุจู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู…ูŒ ูŠุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุ› ุฅุฐ ูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠุชุฑูƒ ุชุดุทูŠุจู‡ุง ุจูŠุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุฉ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ูƒุจุฑ ุณู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูˆ ุดุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู„: ุฃูŠุด ุชุฑูŠุฏุŸ ู‚ู„ุช: ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุจูŠุฏูŠ ู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุงู… ู…ุนูŠ ู‚ูˆู…ุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽุŒ ูˆุฃุฎูู‰ ุนู†ูŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ู…ู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุฎุฐ ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุขุฎุฐ ุจูŠุฏูƒุŸ ูˆุฒุฌุฑู†ูŠ ูˆู†ู‡ุฑู†ูŠุŸ ูˆูƒู„ู‘ู ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู„ุตุฏู‚ูŠุŒ ููˆู„ู‘ูŠุช ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ู‚ุงู„: ูุงุณุชุฎุฑุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุ› ูุตู„ูŠุชู ุงู„ุตุจุญุŒ ูˆู‚ุตุฏุชู‡ ู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุชู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ููˆุฌุฏุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ู‡ ูŠุดุทุจ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูุฏู‚ู‚ุช ุงู„ุจุงุจุŒ ููุชุญ ู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ุช: ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุจูŠุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ุŸ ูู‚ุจุถ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุจูƒุŒ ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ู†ูŠ ู„ู…ูˆุถุนู‡ ุจุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูุฑุญ ุจูŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุญุŒ ูˆุณูุฑู‘ูŽ ุจูŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑูˆุฑุŒ ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ูƒู… ู„ูŠ ุฃููุชู‘ูุดู ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุฎุŸ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ูˆุฃู†ุง ูƒู… ู„ูŠ ุฃููุชู‘ูุดู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ุตุฏูŠู‚ุŒ ูู„ู‚ู‘ูŽู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุงู…ุดุŒ ูˆุฌุฆุŒ ููƒู†ุช ุฃู…ุดูŠ ูˆุฃุฌูŠุก ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ููŠุฐูƒุฑู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ูุงุณ ุญุฑุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุจุงุณ.

    ูˆู„ุฒู… ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุณู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ูุฌุฃู‡ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุญุงู„ู‡ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูุน ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏ ุจู‡ุŒ ุฎุฑู‚ ุนู†ุงู† ุนู†ุงูŠุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ูุงุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏู‡ุŒ ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุจู†ูŠ ุฒุฑูˆุงู„ ุญูŠุซ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูุงุณุชุฃุฐู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุญูŠู†ุฆุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ุŒ ูุฃุฐู† ู„ู‡ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡.

    ูˆุฃู…ุง ุณูŠุฑุชู‡ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ูˆุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ู‡ ูˆุฃูุนุงู„ู‡: ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุจุญุฑู‹ุง ู„ุง ุณุงุญู„ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐ ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐู‡ ูƒู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุงู„ุฏ ููŠ ยซุงู„ูุชุญ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุจูŠยปุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงุจู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ููŠ ยซุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠยปุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุช ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ู‘ู ุฐูƒุฑ ุฑุดุญุฉูŒ ู…ู† ุจุญุฑู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู…ูŠุŒ ุจุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูˆุชุฌู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ.

    ูˆู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ุฌุฒุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุงู„ุดูƒูˆุฑ ูˆู†ุตู‘ูู‡: ู„ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุณูŠุฑุฉ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ูˆุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆุจูŠุงู† ุฑูˆุงูŠุชู‡ ูˆู†ุณูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฏุฑูƒู‡ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.

    ุฃู…ุง ุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ูˆุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ ูู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ุฒู‡ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุงุŒ ูˆุชุฌุฑุฏู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุญุณู‘ู‹ุง ูˆู…ุนู†ู‹ู‰ุŒ ูˆุชุญู‚ู‚ู‡ ุจูˆุตูู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุฎุงู„ูุชู‡ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุชุฑูƒู‡ ู„ู„ุฃุฎู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุซู‚ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง ูˆุฃุณุฑุน ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ูˆูุชุญู‹ุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅู‚ุจุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ู‘ูุŒ ูˆุฅุนุฑุงุถู‡ ุนู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูุจุงู„ูŠ ุจู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุฏุญูˆู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฐู…ูˆู‡ุŒ ูˆุชู…ุณู‘ููƒู‡ ุจุงู„ูุงู‚ุฉ([11]) ูˆุงู„ุงูุชู‚ุงุฑ ูˆุฅูŠุซุงุฑู‡ ู„ู„ุฐู„ู‘ูŽุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชู‚ุงุฑุŒ ูˆุญุฐุฑู‡ ู…ู…ุง ุฃู„ูู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุงุฏุฎุงุฑุŒ ู„ุง ุชุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุนุดุงุฆู‡ ู„ุบุฏุงุฆู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุบุฏุงุฆู‡ ู„ุนุดุงุฆู‡ุŒ ุจู„ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูŠู… ุจู‡ ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ ูˆุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนูŠุงู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ุนุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณู„ูƒูŒ ุนุธูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡.

    ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญุฑูŠุฑ([12])ุŒ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู…ูƒุงุดู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงุจู† ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ: ู…ูƒุซูŽ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตูˆูุฉ ุฎู…ุณู‹ุง ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุนุดุงุฆู‡ ู„ุบุฏุงุฆู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุบุฏุงุฆู‡ ู„ุนุดุงุฆู‡ุŒ ุจู„ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุจุงุญ ู…ู† ุฏู‡ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠู„ุฉ([13])ุŒ ุซู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุนุชู…ุงุฏู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุนุชุตุงู…ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุชุฃุชูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุชูˆุญ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ู‚ุฏุฑ ุถุฑูˆุฑุชู‡ ูˆุฒูˆุฌู‡ ูˆุฃูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ุฌู…ุงุนุฉูŒ ูƒุงู„ุทูŠุฑ ููŠ ูˆูƒุฑู‡ุง ุบุฏูˆู‹ุง ูˆุฃุตูŠู„ู‹ุง([14]) ุญุชู‰ ุฃุชุงู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฐู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู† ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุชุฑูƒ ู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุตุงุฑ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุจูƒู„ู‘ู ุดูŠุกุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู†ู‚ุต ู…ู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงุจุชุฏุงุก ุฃู…ุฑู‡ ูŠู„ุจุณ ุงู„ุฎุดู†ุ› ูƒุงู„ุชู„ูŠุณุŒ ูˆูƒุงู„ุฏุฑุจุงู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุณุงุก ุงู„ุบู„ูŠุธ ุฌุฏู‹ู‘ุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฎุทุท ุจุงู„ุณูˆุงุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุดู‘ูŽุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจุฉ ูˆุญุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุดูˆู‚ุฉุŒ ุจู„ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฑุฏู ุงู„ุดูˆุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููˆู‚ ุฑุฃุณู‡ ุซู„ุงุซู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุธู‡ุฑู‡ ู‚ุฑุงุจูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ.

    ูˆุฃู…ุง ุชุนุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุญูุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุจู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฐุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฑู‚ุง ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูุนุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุŒ ูˆุชู‚ุฑู‘ูุจู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญู‚ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุจุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฑุงุฆูŠ ุฃุจู†ุงุก ุฌู†ุณู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑู ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุจู„ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆู†ูˆุงูู„ ุดุงู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ููˆุณ ุตุนุจุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุฑุณุงุฆู„ู‡ ู…ุดุญูˆู† ุจู…ุง ูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.

    ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ุงู„ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุชุจ ุงู„ุญุธ ุงู„ุฃูˆูุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุชู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุจู‡ุง ูˆุจุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงุฌุชุจุงู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุญุถุฑุชู‡ ุจู…ู†ู‡ ุญุจุงู‡ุŒ ููƒุงู† ุขูŠุฉู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตุจุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุฃู†ู‘ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนูุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฎุดูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณูƒูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุถุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุฎุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ูˆุฑุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆูƒู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชูุงุก ุจุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุณ ูˆุงู„ุงุทู…ุฆู†ุงู† ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณูƒูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุดู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดูˆู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุฒู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุญุฉ([15])ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุธู† ุงู„ุญุณู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตุฏู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุณุนุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงุณู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุณู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ู„ุฏู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฌูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ู…ุญูˆ ูˆูู†ุงุกุŒ ูˆุตุญูˆ ูˆุจู‚ุงุกุŒ ูˆุบูŠุจุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ุŒ ูˆุดู‡ูˆุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุจู‡ ุชูˆู„ุงู‘ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุบุฑู‚ ููŠ ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃููˆุชูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฐุจูŽ([16])ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุฃูุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‘ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุณูˆุฎ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ูŠู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุณู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุฌู‹ุง ู‚ูˆูŠู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุตุฑุงุทู‹ุง ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุดุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฒู„ูŠุฉ ุตููˆู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูˆุฑุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆู‰ุŒ ูู‚ูˆูŠุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆูุงุถุช ููŠ ุงู„ุขูุงู‚ ุจูŠู†ุงุชู‡ ูˆุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุณู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู… ุงู„ุบููŠุฑ ู…ู† ุดุฑุงุจู‡ ูƒุคูˆุณู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู…ู„ุฃ ู‚ู„ูˆุจู‡ู… ูˆุฃุฑูˆุงุญู‡ู… ุฃู‚ู…ุงุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุดู…ูˆุณู‹ุงุŒ ูุชูˆุงู„ุช ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุฑุงุฏุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุฏุงู…ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ู†ุงูˆู„ุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุฏู‘ูˆู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏุŒ ุจู…ุฏุฏ ุฌุณูŠู…: ๏ดฟุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽ ููŽุถู’ู„ู ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ูŠูุคู’ุชููŠู‡ู ู…ูŽู†ู’ ูŠูŽุดูŽุงุกู ูˆูŽุงู„ู„ู‡ู ุฐููˆ ุงู„ููŽุถู’ู„ู ุงู„ุนูŽุธููŠู…ู๏ดพ [ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ: 21]ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุดุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู† ุชูู‚ุงู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจูŠู†ุงุชุŒ ู„ุง ุณูŠู…ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญุงุช.

    ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู…ุขุซุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ู‚ุฏ ุจู„ุบุช ู…ุจู„ุบ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุชุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนูŠุŒ ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุขูุงู‚ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูุธุงู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ูƒุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุจุดุฑูŠู‘ูŽุชู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูƒุงุญุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุณู„ูุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุฌุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุถุญูƒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุถุญูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู‡ูˆุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุณูŠุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฏุฑูˆู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุถุนู ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงูุชู‚ุงุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุฌุฒุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุตุงู ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชู†ุงู‚ุถ ุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุจู„ ุจู‡ุง ูˆููŠู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู„ูู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจุงุทู†ู‡ู… ูˆุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ูƒุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูˆุงูู‚ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ู… ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ู†ููˆุณู‡ู… ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ู…ุญุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูู‡ู… ูƒุงู„ุฅูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุง ู…ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุญุตุฑ ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู†ูุงุฏุŒ ูู„ุง ุชูุญุตู‰ ุดู…ุงุฆู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูุถุงุฆู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุณูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ู„ูˆ ูƒูุดู ุนู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ู„ุนูุจูุฏูŽุŒ ูˆุญุณุจ ู…ู† ู„ู… ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุณุฌู† ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุณู„ูƒ ุณุจูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ุฃู† ูŠุณู„ู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุญุณู… ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ูƒุงุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุญูŠุฒ: ยซู…ู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุคู…ู† ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูู„ูŠู‚ู„ู ุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ู„ูŠุตู…ุชยป([17])ุ› ุฅุฐ ยซู…ู† ุญูุณู† ุฅุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุก ุชุฑูƒู‡ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ยป([18])ุŒ ููŠู†ุชูุน ุจุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู… ูƒู…ุง ูŠู†ุชูุน ุจุงู„ุฅูŠู…ุงู† ุจุงู„ุบูŠุจุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุชูู‚ู‡ู‹ุงุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุฏุฎู„ ุญุชู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰: ๏ดฟุจูŽู„ู’ ูƒูŽุฐู‘ูŽุจููˆุง ุจูู…ูŽุง ู„ูŽู…ู’ ูŠูุญููŠุทููˆุง ุจูุนูู„ู’ู…ูู‡ู๏ดพ [ูŠูˆู†ุณ: 39]ุŒ ูˆู…ุจู†ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุงู†ู‚ูŠุงุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฅูŠู…ุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ูƒุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงุฏ. ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚.

    ูˆุฃู…ุง ุนุจุงุฏุชู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุฌ ุงู„ุดุฑุนุŒ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุชุนู…ู‘ูู‚ ูˆู„ุง ูุชูˆุฑ ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุท ูˆู„ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุทุŒ ู„ุง ุฑุฎุตุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ู…ุคูƒู‘ูŽุฏ ุงู„ุณู†ู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุบุงุฆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทู‡ุงุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงูˆุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุงุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ุถุญู‰ุŒ ูˆุชุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุฌุฏุŒ ูˆู‚ูŠุงู… ุณูˆูŠุนุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูุฌุฑุŒ ูˆูŠูˆู‚ุธ ุฃู‡ู„ ุฏุงุฑู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูˆุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆุชุดูŠูŠุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุฆุฒุŒ ูˆุฅุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ู„ู„ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุฑุฏุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูƒุงู† ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู†ุŒ ุดุงุฆุนูŒ ุฎุจุฑู‡ุŒ ุฐุงุฆุนูŒ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูˆุทุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตุฏู‚ุฉ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ูˆูƒู„ ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูƒุงุฏุช ุชุจู„ุบ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุฆุถุŒ ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ู…ุฎุตูˆุตูŒ ููˆู‚ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฅุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ู„ู„ุฎุงุต ูˆุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑุนุฉ ู„ู„ูุถุงุฆู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุถุน ู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุฎู„ู‚ูุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ู…ู† ู„ุง ุฎู„ุงู‚ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูŠุนุธู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠูƒุฑู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠูˆุงุณูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุฌุงู„ุณู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุจุงุดุดู‡ ููˆู‚ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูุน ูˆู†ุตู†ุน ู†ุญู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฐุงู‚ ุนุฑูุŒ ๏ดฟู‚ูŽุฏู’ ุนูŽู„ูู…ูŽ ูƒูู„ู‘ู ุฃูู†ูŽุงุณู ู…ูŽุดู’ุฑูŽุจูŽู‡ูู…ู’๏ดพ [ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑุฉ: 60]ุŒ ูู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌุฏ ูˆุนุฑูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุฏ ูƒู…ู† ู„ู… ูŠุฑ ุฅู„ุง ุณู…ุงุกู‹ ูˆุฃุฑุถู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตูุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุบุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูˆุงุช ๏ดฟู‡ูŽู„ู’ ูŠูŽุณู’ุชูŽูˆููŠ ุงู„ู‘ูŽุฐููŠู†ูŽ ูŠูŽุนู’ู„ูŽู…ููˆู†ูŽ ูˆูŽุงู„ู‘ูŽุฐููŠู†ูŽ ู„ูŽุง ูŠูŽุนู’ู„ูŽู…ููˆู†ูŽ๏ดพ [ุงู„ุฒู…ุฑ: 9]ุŒ ๏ดฟุฃูŽู…ู’ ู‡ูŽู„ู’ ุชูŽุณู’ุชูŽูˆููŠ ุงู„ุธู‘ูู„ูู…ูŽุงุชู ูˆูŽุงู„ู†ู‘ููˆุฑู๏ดพ [ุงู„ุฑุนุฏ: 16]ุŒ ู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุจ ุงู„ุชุฎุดู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุจุงุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฃูƒู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูุฑุงุดุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณุŒ ูˆูŠุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ูุฑุงุด ูŠูˆุฑุซ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุญูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุจุฑุงุก ู‚ูˆู„ู‹ุง ูˆูุนู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุญุถู‘ู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู‘ู ุดูŠุกุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุชูˆุถู‘ูŽุฃ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุชู†ู‚ุทุน ุนู†ู‡ ุจูˆุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุทู…ุฆู†ู ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ู…ู† ุชูˆุถุฃ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุจุงู†ู‚ุทุงุน ุจูˆุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ู„ุง ูˆุถูˆุก ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุตู„ุงุฉ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฏูŠู† ู„ู‡.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุคูƒู‘ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุธุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏุฃุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุถูˆุก ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุง ุฃุญุฏุซุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู‚ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ุนู‚ุจ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุคุฎู‘ูุฑู ู‚ู„ู†ุณูˆุชู‡([19]) ูˆุนู…ุงู…ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌูˆุฏุŒ ูˆูŠุจุงุดุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุฌุจู‡ุชู‡ ูˆุฃู†ูู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุฑุชู‘ูู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉุŒ ูˆูŠูุตู„ู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูุงุชุญุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูˆุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุจู„ุนู ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฑูŠู‚ู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุฐุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูˆุน ููŠ ุชูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑูƒูˆุนุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุจุณู…ู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูุงุชุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑูŠุถุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงูู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุณุฑ ุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑูŠุถุฉ ููŠ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฑ ู„ู„ูˆูุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฆู…ุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุฒุฑูŠุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡. ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฐู‘ููƒุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุนู‚ุจ ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ูุฑูŠุถุฉ: ุฃุณุชุบูุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ [ุซู„ุงุซู‹ุง]ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ูู…ู‘ูŽ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ูƒ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฅู„ูŠูƒ ูŠุนูˆุฏู ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ุญูŠู‘ูู†ุง ุฑุจู‘ูŽู†ุง ุจุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุฏุงุฑูŽ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ุชุจุงุฑูƒุชูŽ ูˆุชุนุงู„ูŠุช ูŠุง ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฅูƒุฑุงู…ุŒ ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู„ุง ุดุฑูŠูƒ ู„ู‡ุŒ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู‚ุฏูŠุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู„ุง ู…ุงู†ุน ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู…ูุนุทูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู…ู†ุนุชุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฑุงุฏ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุถูŠุชุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู†ูุน ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏ ู…ู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฏู‘ูุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุขูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ [ุซู„ุงุซู‹ุง ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ]ุŒ ูˆูŠุฑูุน ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏ.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃุญุจ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฐูƒุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุงุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ูƒุฑุฑู†ุง ุฃุนู…ุงู„ู‹ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุณู†ูŠู† ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ู„ุณุงุฆุฑู‡ุง ุจุฑูƒุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุจุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ู‚ุฏ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชููˆู‚ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ูƒู„ ุนู…ู„ูุŒ ูˆู„ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ: ู…ู† ู„ุง ุดูŠุฎ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู„ุง ุดูŠุฎ ู„ู‡ ู„ุง ู‚ุจู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู„ุง ุดูŠุฎ ู„ู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุจุทุงู„ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ู‚ู„ู†ุง: ุฅู†ู‡ุง -ุฃูŠ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ- ุชู‚ูˆู… ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุชู„ุงูˆุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†ุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุ› ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ุŒ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฃุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุญุถูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆุชุฑูƒ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑุงุฆุถุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู„ู…ู† ู„ุง ูŠุฌุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ูˆุฌุฏู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุดุฃู†ู‡: ู…ุง ู†ูุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุดูŠุกูŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุญุถู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุบุงูŠุฉู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุฑุฃู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงูุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฌุงุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญู„ ุชู†ุฒู‘ู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุญู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆุฌุงู…ุนุฉู‹ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุงุช.

    ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡: ูˆู†ุฑู‰ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู…ู† ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ูˆุงู„ุฃุฏุจ ุจุดุฑุท ุฃู† ู„ุง ูŠุชูˆุถุฃ ุฅู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงุณุชุจุฑุงุฆู‡ ู…ู† ุจูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ุจูˆุงู‚ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุชุญ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ู…ุซู„ ู„ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู†ุธูŠุฑุŒ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุงุบุชู†ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ููˆุชุŒ ุจุงู„ุถุนู ูˆุงู„ูƒุจุฑุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููˆุงุฆุชู ูู„ูŠู‚ุถู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฅู„ุง ูุณูŠู†ุฏู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุงุตู„ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฑู‘ูŽุฉูŽ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุทู…ุญ ู†ุธุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ูุฒุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฎุงุก ูˆุงู„ุดุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงุก ูˆุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุนุธู… ุงู„ูƒู†ูˆุฒ ูˆุงู„ุฐุฎุงุฆุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ูู„ุง ูŠุนุฌุฒ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠูƒุณู„ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู‚ู†ุท ู…ู† ุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ ุฃุญุถุฑู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุณูุฑู‹ุงุŒ ู‚ูŠุงู…ู‹ุง ูˆู‚ุนูˆุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุตุญุฉู‹ ูˆุณู‚ู…ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุน ูƒุจุฑ ุณู†ู‘ูู‡ุ› ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฏุจุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…: ยซูˆุฌุนู„ุช ู‚ุฑุฉ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉยป([20]).

    ูˆูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ูŠุณุฑุฏ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ ุฑุญู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุงุชู‡ู… ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒุŒ ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฐุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆูˆุณุทู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ุชุทู ู…ู† ุจุณุงุชูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฒู‡ุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุฌู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ููˆุงูƒู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฃุซู…ุงุฑุŒ ูˆูŠุทุงู„ุน ุจุนุถ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ูู‚ู‡ ูƒุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุดุฑุญ ยซุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉยป ูˆุดุฑุญูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูŠุงุฑุฉ([21]) ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ยซุงู„ู…ุฑุดุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู†ยป ู„ุงุจู† ุนุงุดุฑ([22]) ูˆุดุฑุญ ยซุงู„ูˆุบู„ูŠุณูŠุฉยป ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ูˆยซุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกยป ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆยซุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกยป ู„ู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจุงุจุง ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†ูŠ([23])ุŒ ูˆยซุงู„ู…ุนุฒู‰ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุจ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูŠ ูŠุนุฒู‘ู‰ยป ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ูƒุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงุจู† ุนุทูŠุฉ([24])ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฒู†([25])ุŒ ูˆุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงู„ูŠู†([26])ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจ ูƒุชุงุจู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ุŒ ุณูˆู‰ ยซุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑูŠยป ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆยซุงู„ุดูุงยป ู„ู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ุนูŠุงุถ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูุญุจู‘ู ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏุŒ ูˆูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู„ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑู‚ุนุฉ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุธุงู‡ุฑู‹ุง ูˆุจุงุทู†ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠุตู„ุญ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุง ู…ู† ุฑุณูˆู„ู ูˆู„ุง ู†ุจูŠู‘ู ุฅู„ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุชุฌุฑู‘ูุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุงุŒ ูˆู…ุญุฐุฑุง ู…ูุชู‘ูŽุจุนูŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ุง.

    ู‚ุงู„: ูˆุงู„ุชุฌุฑุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ ูƒุงู„ุฅูƒุณูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุŒ ูู„ุง ูŠู†ูƒุฑู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุฌู‡ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุฑู‡.

    ุฃู…ุง ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดุงุน ุฃู…ุฑู‡ุง ูˆุฐุงุน ุนู†ุฏ ูƒุงูุฉ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ุจุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆุณููˆุณ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑู‰ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุงุดุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฎูŠุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฑ ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ูˆู†ู‡ุงุฑู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุฌู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ุนูˆุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฌู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุธูŠู… ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจู„ุณุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆู…ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุดุจุงุน ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุณุท ูˆุงู„ู‚ุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุงุณู… ุงู„ุฌู„ุงู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุชุจุŒ ูˆุชุดุจูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ูƒุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุดู‡ุฏุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุขุฏุงุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฅู†ุดุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุงุช ุจุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุชุบุฒู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุตูˆููŠุฉ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุฏุฃุจู‡ ูˆุฏูŠุฏู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ูุชุญู‡ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฏุงุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุงุฑ ู…ุฐู‡ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุดุฑุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูƒ ูˆุฐูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุกุŒ ูƒุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฌู†ูŠ ุซู…ุฑุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุจุญุณุจ ู…ูƒุงู†ุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฑุจู‡ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑู‡ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ูู„ุง ูŠุญุจ ุญุถูˆุฑู‡ู†ุŒ ุจู„ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุฑุจู‡ู† ู„ู„ุฑุฌุงู„ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุฅู† ูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ูˆุญุฏู‡ู† ุจู…ูˆุถุน ุฎู„ูˆูŠ ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ู… ุชูุณู…ุน ู„ู‡ู† ุฃุตูˆุงุช ููŠุญุจู‘ูู‡ู†ู‘ูŽ ูŠุฐูƒุฑู† ุญูŠู†ุฆุฐ ุจุฌู…ุงุนุฉู ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณุงู†ู ูˆุงุญุฏู ุฌู‡ุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูƒุญุงู„ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚.

    ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฎู„ู‚ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชูุน ุจู‡ ู…ู† ุนุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌู… ุบููŠุฑ.

    ุญุฏุซู†ุง ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุฃุจูˆ ุญูุต ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌ ุนู…ุฑ ุจู† ุณูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูŠู‘ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุชูˆููŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุฎู„ู ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุฃู„ู ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุชุฃู‡ู„ูˆู† ู„ู„ุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ุŒ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุท ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

    ูˆุฃู…ุง ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุญูƒู…ู‡ ูˆูˆุตุงูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงู†ู‚ุงุฏุช ูˆุฎุถุนุช ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ูุฑุณุงุฆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูƒููŠู„ุฉูŒ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุดุชู…ู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆุงูุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู†ูุน ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุดูƒ ููŠู‡ ุงุซู†ุงู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ุชุฑูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃู‡ู„ ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฐู‡ุงู†ุŒ ูู…ู† ุฃุฑุงู‡ุง ูู„ูŠุฑุงุฌุนู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุทุจุนุช ุจุงู„ู…ุทุจุนุฉ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ูู„ุชุทู„ุจ ุญูŠุซ ุชูˆุฌุฏุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚.

    ูˆุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูŠู ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู†ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ููƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูุงุก ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฑูุงู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุจูุงุณุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุถุฑูŠุญูŒ ูŠุฒุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุฑู‘ูู…ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู‘ูŽุฉูŒุŒ ูˆุถุฑูŠุญู‡ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุจ ู„ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ู„ู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆู†ุฒูˆู„ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠุงุช.

    ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุนู† ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจู† ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุญุณู‘ู‹ุง ูˆู…ุนู†ู‰ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุจุงู„ุบูˆุซ.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุงุจ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉุŒ ู‚ุทุจู‹ุง ูƒุงู…ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ู‡ุงุจู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจุŒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ ููŠุงุถุฉ.

    ุชูˆููŠ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูุงุณุŒ ูˆุฏูู† ุจู…ุฏุงูู† ุฃุณู„ุงูู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุฉ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู….

    ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู† ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุงู† ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎุตุงุตูŠุŒ ุฏููŠู† ุจุงุจ ุงู„ูุชูˆุญ ู…ู† ุญุถุฑุฉ ูุงุณ ุญุฑุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุจุงุณุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู† ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ุงู„ุบูˆุซ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ุŒ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุฒูŠุฏ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุŒ ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุญุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุขู„ูŠู ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุงู‚ุจ ุญู…ูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุณูู…ู‘ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ูุงุณ ุจุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ุดู‡ุฑุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุชูุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู‚ุชุฏู‰ุŒ ูˆุตุญุจ ุดูŠุฎู‡ ูˆู…ุฑุจูŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูŠูˆุณู ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

    ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ูุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุฏุงูู†ู‡ู… ุจุจุงุจ ุงู„ูุชูˆุญ ู…ู† ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ูุงุณุŒ ูˆุดู‡ุฑุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุบุฑุจ ูƒุดู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ูˆูุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจู…ุตุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุญุจุชูŠ ุจุญุจู‡ู….

    ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูŠูˆุณู ุนู† ุฃุณุชุงุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ู…ุญุจูˆุจ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฐูˆุจุŒ ุฏููŠู† ู…ูƒู†ุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุจู‡ุง ูŠุฒุงุฑุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูƒู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุช ุฃุฑุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุตุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุณุงู† ุนุงู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ุŒ ูู…ู† ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡:

    ุงู„ู†ุงุณู ุฒุงุฑุชู’ ู…ุญู…ุฏ * ูˆุฃู†ุง ุณูƒู† ู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ

    ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ุŒ ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ูุนู†ุง ุจุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡.

    ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู† ุดุฑูŠู ุตู†ู‡ุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒู†ู‘ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฑ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตู†ู‡ุงุฌูŠุŒ ุฏููŠู† ุจุงุจ ุงู„ูุชูˆุญุŒ ูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุงุจุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุจุฑู‡ ุจูุงุณุŒ ู„ูŠุณุชุบุงุซ ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุจุฉ ู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฏุนุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฅู†ุง ู†ุชูˆุณู„ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ู‚ุถุงุก ุญูˆุงุฆุฌู†ุงุŒ ูˆุฏูุน ู…ู„ู…ุงุชู†ุง ูŠุง ูƒุฑูŠู….

    ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู† ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ุŒ ูˆู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฌุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃุจุฏุงู„ ุฃุจูŠ ุฅุณุญุงู‚ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ูุญุงู…ุŒ ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฏูู‘ููˆู‚ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฅู†ุง ู†ุชูˆุณู„ ุจู‡ู… ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃู†ุนู…ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุนุทู ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู….

    ูˆุฃุฎุฐ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุนู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฒุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุถุฑู…ูŠุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ูุถู„ ูŠุญูŠู‰ ุงู„ููˆุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ูˆูุงุŒ ุนู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆูุงุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงูˆุฏ ุจู† ู…ุงุฎู„ุงุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุจู† ุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุนู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณูŠุŒ ุนู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุญุณู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุฏุŒ ุนู† ุดูŠุฎู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุจู† ู…ุดูŠุดุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุชุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุนู† ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุŒ ุนู† ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ู…ุฑูˆุงู†ุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุณุนูŠุฏุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุณุนุฏ ุฏููŠู† ู…ุตุฑุŒ ุนู† ุฃุจูŠ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูุชุญ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุบุฒูˆุงู†ูŠุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงุจุนูŠ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ุฃุจูŠ ุฌุงุจุฑุŒ ุนู† ุณุจุท ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุจุน ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุจู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ูƒุฑู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุจู† ู…ูˆู„ุงุชู†ุง ูุงุทู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฑุงุก ุจู†ุช ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆุนุธู… ูˆูƒุฑู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู…ุฏู†ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุญุจุชู†ุงุŒ ูˆูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุดุงูŠุฎู†ุงุŒ ูˆุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู†ุง ูˆูƒุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุตู„ุญ ุจูˆุงุทู†ู†ุง ุจู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุณุงุท ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู„ุญู‚ู†ุง ุจู†ุณุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุญู‚ู‚ู†ุง ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุฌุงู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู….

    ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉ: ุงุนู„ู… ุฃูŠู‘ูู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎ ุงู„ู†ุงุฌุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ูุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุตู…ุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏุŒ ู†ุจุฑุงุณ([27]) ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุณุนุงุฏุŒ ุณู„ู… ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุจูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ูˆู…ู„ุงุฐู†ุง([28]) ุจู†ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ: ุฐูƒุฑุŒ ูˆู…ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงุฌุชู…ุงุนุŒ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุงุน. ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠุญุฑุถ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุขุฏุงุจ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฑูุงู† ูˆูŠุฏู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุญุจุชู‡ู… ู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู…ู…ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุบุฑุงุถุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุฏ ูˆุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชูƒู„ู‘ูุŒ ูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุฏุฏุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุงู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู…ุง ูˆุฑุฏ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญุงุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡ ูˆุนู…ู†ุง ุจุฑุถุงู‡ ุขู…ูŠู†.

    ู…ุญุงุณู†ู‡ ูˆุฎู„ู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุถุน ูˆูƒุฑู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚: ุงุนู„ู… ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู ุจุฐูƒุฑ ุณู…ุงุน ูุถุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ูƒุฑูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ุŒ ุฃู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุจุงุฏุŒ ูุณุงุฏ ูˆุดุงุฏุŒ ูˆู†ุตุญ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุขูŠุฉูŒ ุนุธู…ู‰ ุฃู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูุชู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุซู…ูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ุชุญู„ุช ุจู‡ุง ุฌูŠุงุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ุŒ ุญุงุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑู ุฃุณู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู†ุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู„ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ุง ูˆุฃุบู„ุงู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชู…ู†ุทู‚ ุจุฑุฏุงุก ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุจู„ุบ ู…ู†ุชู‡ุงู‡ุงุŒ ุชุญู„ู‰ ุจุฃุญุณู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงุฆู„ุŒ ูˆุชุฌู…ู„ ุจุฃุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู„ุŒ ูŠุชูˆุงุถุน ู„ู„ุฒุงุฆุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุจุงุณุท ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุช ู…ุซู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุถุนุŒ ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถุŒ ูˆุฅุณู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู‡ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ู„ุฃู…ุฉ ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡. ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุงู„ุชูˆุงุถุน ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆุณุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†. ูˆูŠุคูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ -ู„ู…ุง ุณุฃู„ู‡ ุณุงุฆู„ูŒ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุตูˆู ู…ุง ู‡ูˆุŸ-: ู‡ูˆ ุฅู‚ุงู…ุฉ ุดุฑุงุฆุน ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุณู„ุจ ุงู„ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ู„ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†. ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡.

    ูˆูŠุฃู…ุฑ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุดุจู‡ ุจุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุชุตุงู ุจุงู„ุฐู„ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูƒุณุงุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุฒุฉ ู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ุงุฑ.

    ูˆู…ุฌุงู„ุณู‡ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ู„ุง ุชุฎู„ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฐุงูƒุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุนุธ ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉุŒ ูุทูˆุจู‰ ู„ู…ู† ุญุถุฑ ู…ุฌู„ุณู‹ุง ู…ู† ู…ุฌุงู„ุณู‡ุŒ ูˆุณู…ุน ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุนุธู‡ ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ูˆู†ูุงุฆุณู‡ุŒ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ุชุนู†ุง ุจุฑุถุงู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู†ู„ู‚ุงู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

    ู†ุตุงุฆุญู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ู„ุญุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ: ุงุนู„ู… ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ุŒ ุงู„ุดุงุฆู‚ ููŠ ู…ุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ูˆูˆุงุฑุซูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูุญูˆู„ุŒ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ูƒู†ุฒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุจุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ู†ุจุฑุงุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฃุตููŠุงุกุŒ ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุดูŠูˆุฎุŒ ูˆู…ู„ุงุฐ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุณูˆุฎุŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠู†ุตุญ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฅู„ุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠูุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุณูˆู„ู‡ุ› ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฏูˆุงู… ุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉ ูˆุตูุงุก ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจุŒ ุฅุฐ ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุฑุฑ ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุช ุฃู† ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุถูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุชุนูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ูˆุชู‚ู‡ู‚ุฑู‡ ุนู† ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ููƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠุญุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขุฏุงุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจู…ุง ูŠูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ุชุขู„ูุŒ ู„ุฏูˆุงู… ุงู„ู…ุญุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงุฑูุŒ ูˆูŠุคูŠุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูƒุฑู… ุงู„ุฑุณู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…: ยซุงุณุชูƒุซุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ูุฅู† ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุดูุงุนุฉยป([29]).

    ูˆูŠุญุถ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุฎูˆูู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงุณุชูŠู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏุŒ ูุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู†ุน ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุทู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ู‚ู‡ุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูุฐุงูƒ ู„ุง ูŠุบุฑู‡ ุฎูุงุก ูˆู„ุง ุธู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ุนุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒูŠู† ู…ุณุงู„ูƒ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ูŠู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ุจู…ุฏุฏ ุดูŠุฎู†ุงุŒ ูˆุจุฏุฑ ู‡ุฏุงูŠุชู†ุงุŒ ูˆุดู…ุณ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู†ุงุŒ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

    ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุงุช ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ูˆุนูƒูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡: ุงุนู„ู… ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุŒ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงุฌุฏุŒ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุจุน ุงู„ู„ุทุงุฆู ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ุฌุงู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ุญุชู‰ ูˆุตู„ุŒ ูˆู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุนู† ุฑูˆุญู‡ ูˆุฌุณุฏู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู†ูุตู„ุŒ ุฃู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุทุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุณุชุฌู„ุจู‹ุง ุฑุถุง ู…ูˆู„ุงู‡ ุญุชู‰ ูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ุจู„ุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุจุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชู†ุฒู„ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡.

    ู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡: ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุณุชุงุฐูŠ ูˆุนู…ุฏุชูŠ ูˆู…ู„ุงุฐูŠ ู„ุงู‚ุชู†ูŠ ุจู†ุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ูŠ:

    ูŠุง ุดูŠุฎ ูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ * ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู…ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุดูŠ
    ูˆูƒู„ู‘ู ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุง ุดูŠ * ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฑุจูƒ ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูŠ

    ุจู†ุชูŒ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุนู…ุฑูŠ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆูˆุญูŠูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ูˆุฎุทุงุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุฌ ุจุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุขู„ู‡ ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุขู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑ.

    ูุงู†ุธุฑ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุจ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ูุนู„ู ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู„ูƒ ู…ุน ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุฆู‡ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒูŠู† ุฃุญุณู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุงู‚ุชุฏ ุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู†ู‡ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุฌู‡ู… ุชูุฒ ุจุงู„ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุชุญุธ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ.

    ูˆูˆุตู„ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ู‚ุฏุณ ุณุฑู‡ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู…ู†ุชู‡ุงู‡ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชุญู‚ู‚ุช ุจุดุงุฑุงุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุธู‡ุฑุช ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุดู‡ุฏุช ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู† ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ูุถู„ ูˆุงู„ุฅุญุณุงู†ุŒ ูุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุนู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุฆู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ููŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุจุงุฆู‡ ุจู…ุง ุจู‡ ุชู‚ุฑู‘ู ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู†.

    ูˆุงุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ุŒ ูุชุฑุงู‡ ุนุงูƒูู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงู„ุŒ ู…ุณุชุบุฑู‚ู‹ุง ููŠ ุดู‡ูˆุฏ ุนุธู…ุชู‡ุŒ ุชุงุฑูƒู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชุฏุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุŒ ู…ูุณู„ู‘ู…ู‹ุง ุฃู…ูˆุฑู‡ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ุงุฑุ› ูุจู„ุบ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุจูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู†ุงู„ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†.

    ูˆูƒุงู† ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุจุดุคูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ุŒ ู…ุณุชุบุฑู‚ู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู†ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุงู†. ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡ุŒ ูˆุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุซุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุงุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู‡ ูˆุญุจ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ูˆุญุฒุจู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†.

    ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุงุชู‡ ูˆุจุดุงุฑุงุชู‡: ุงุนู„ู… ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุจู‘ู ู„ุณู…ุงุน ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุดุงุฆู‚ ููŠ ู…ุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุงุชุŒ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฃุจุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุฌ ุจุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุจู‡ุงุก ูˆุงู„ูุฎุงุฑุŒ ุฒู…ุฒู… ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุนุจุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงูุฏูŠู† ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูˆูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆู„: ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุงู…ุฉ ุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู„ู ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉ. ู„ูƒู† ุตุญ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุณู„ูƒ ู…ุณุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃุฑุงุฏู‡ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎููŠุงุชุŒ ูุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชุบุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุฏุŒ ุณุงุจุญูŒ ููŠ ุจุญุฑ ู…ุฏุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ.

    ูู…ู† ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡: ู‚ุงู„: ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฎูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุฑุฃูŠุช ูƒุฃู†ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ูุญุชู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฌู„ุณุช ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูุฑุฃูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ูุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุบูˆุซ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฑุถุงู‡ ู„ุงุจุณู‹ุง ู…ู„ุงุจุณู‡ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจูุฑู†ุณ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑุฒูŠุฉ ุฌุงู„ุณู‹ุง ุจุญุถุฑุชู‡ุŒ ูุฃู‚ุจู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูˆุณู„ู‘ู…ุชู ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ูŠู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูุถู…ู‘ูŽู†ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐู†ูŠ ูˆุฎุฑุฌุŒ ูู†ุงุฏุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ: ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู† ูŠุง ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุฏูŠ ู…ุนูƒุŸ ูุงู„ุชูุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุณูŠุฏูŠ ูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุฏูŠุŸ ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ: ู‡ูˆ ูˆู„ุฏูƒ ูˆูƒุฑุฑู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซู‹ุง. ูุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุฉ ู„ู„ู‡.

    ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑุŒ ูู„ุงุญุช ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุนู† ุณู†ุง ุจุฑู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงู‡ุฑุŒ ูู‚ุจู‘ูŽู„ุชู ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ูŠุญุจ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฎุงุทุฑูƒู…. ู‚ุงู„: ูŠุง ูˆู„ุฏูŠุŒ ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฎุงุทุฑูŠุŒ ุจู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ููŠ ุฎุงุทุฑูƒู….

    ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุช ูƒุฃู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุฆุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู‡ูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุจู‡ุง ุทู†ุงูุณ([30]) ู…ู…ุฏูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฎูˆุงู†([31]) ู…ู†ุดุฑุฉูŒุŒ ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุชุจุฏูˆ ู„ู„ู†ุงุธุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุนูŠุฏ ูุทุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูุฏุฎู„ุช ูˆู‚ู„ุจูŠ ู…ู„ู‡ูˆูุŒ ูˆูุคุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฑุคูŠุง ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ู…ุดุบูˆูุŒ ูุฃู‚ุจู„ุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ููˆุฌุฏุชู‡ ูˆุญูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุญุจุงุจุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ูˆู…ุงู‡ูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆู…ู†ุงุฒู„ุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ูˆู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ูุฃู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจุนุทูู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽุŒ ูˆู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจ ุงู„ุดููˆู‚ุŒ ูุญู…ุฏุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุซู†ูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡.

    ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฑู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฌุงู„ุณ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุŒ ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ุฌุงุก ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชุฃุฐู†ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ. ูุฃุฐู† ู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุณู„ู… ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฏุฑู‚ุงูˆูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡. ูู‚ู„ุช: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู‡ูˆุŸ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูู‡ู…ุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ. ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฃู†ุช ุนุงุฑูุŒ ูุญู…ุฏุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุนู„ู…ุช ุงู„ู‚ุตุฏ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูู‡ู…ุช ู…ุฑุงุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุจู†ุงู†ูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡.

    ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ู…ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุจู‡ ุฃุฎูˆู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุญุจู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ ู…ูˆู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุณูŠู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: ุฑุฃูŠุช ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุณุฌุฏ ูˆุงุณุน ุนุธูŠู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูุฑุดุช ุฃุฑุถู‡ ุจุงู„ุจุณุท ุงู„ู†ููŠุณุฉุŒ ูˆุฑุฃูŠุช ุฃุณุชุงุฐู†ุง ูˆู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ู„ุงุจุณู‹ุง ุชุงุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุฑุฃุณู‡ุŒ ูู‚ุฑุจู†ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุฌู„ุณู†ูŠ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุณู…ุนุช ู‚ุงุฆู„ู‹ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ุชู‡ูŠุคูˆุง ูŠุง ูƒุฑุงู… ู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู…ุŒ ูƒูŠู…ุง ูŠุตู„ูŠ ุจูƒู… ุฅู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ู‚ุฏ ุฒุงุฏุŒ ูˆูƒุซุฑุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ุนุจุงุฏุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู„ุญุงุถุฑูŠู†: ู…ู† ุตู„ู‰ ุจู†ุง ุฅู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‚ูŠู„: ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ุช: ูˆู…ู† ุชุนู†ูŠ ุจู‡ุŸ ู‚ุงู„: ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฏ. ูุณุฑุฑุชุŒ ูˆุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฏุงุฏุŒ ูˆุฃูŠู‚ู†ุช ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง ุงู„ุฅู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงุญุดุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุฒู…ุฑุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุญุฒุจู‡ ูˆุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุญู‚ู‚ ู†ุณุจุชู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠู‘ู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู….

    ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ู…ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุจู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ุฃุตู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุดุฃู†ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุฃู‰ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ููˆู‚ ุฌุจู„ู ุนุงู„ูุŒ ุฌุงู„ุณู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ุŒ ุบุงุฑู‚ู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุญุณู† ุตุงู„ุญ ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุจู„ุŒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุชู‡.

    ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุดูˆู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุง ู…ุง ุดูˆู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃุดุจุงุญ ูู„ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูˆูŠูƒููŠู†ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู…ู† ุฅุดูุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุŒ ูˆู‚ุถุงุก ุญูˆุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุณุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุณ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏ.

    ูู…ู† ูƒุฑุงู…ุงุชู‡ ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุถุงู‡ ู‚ุถุงุก ู…ุตุงู„ุญ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆุฑุฏุน ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฎุฐู„ุงู†ุŒ ุจุฅู‚ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู†ุŒ ูˆูƒุดู ู…ุง ููŠ ุฎูˆุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู†.

    ุญุฏุซู†ูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุนุณุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃุดุบู„ุช ููƒุฑู‡ ูˆู„ุจู‘ูŽู‡ุŒ ูุฌุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุทู†ุฏุชุง ุญูŠุซ ู…ู‚ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐุŒ ูˆุฒุงุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠ ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆูˆู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌู‹ุง ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐุŒ ูู„ู… ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุฅู„ุง ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃู…ุงู…ู‡ุŒ ูุฃู‚ุจู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ูŠุง ุณูŠุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก! ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ู‚ุจู‘ูŽู„ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡: ุญุงุฌุชูƒ ู…ู‚ุถูŠุฉุŒ ุงุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุฃุชูŠุช. ู‚ุงู„: ูุฐู‡ุจุชุŒ ูˆุชุนุฌู‘ุจุชู ู…ู…ุง ุญุตู„ ู…ู† ู‚ุถุงุก ุญุงุฌุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃุชุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฏูŠุŒ ูˆู„ู… ุฃุนู‡ุฏู‡ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุฏุงุฑู‡ ู…ู†ุฐ ู†ูŠู ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุจุฃุฑูˆุงุญู‡ู… ุญูŠุซ ุดุงุกูˆุงุŒ ูุณุจุญุงู† ู…ู† ู‚ุฑุจู‡ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุนู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฅู†ู‘ูŽุง ู†ุชูˆุณู„ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ูู„ู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆุชูุฑูŠุฌ ุงู„ูƒูุฑุจุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุขุซุงุฑู‡. ุขู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†.

    ูˆุตุงูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆุญูƒู…ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงูุนุฉ ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡: ุงุนู„ู… ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูƒุŒ ุฅู† ุฑู…ุชูŽ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู„ูƒุŒ ูุงู‚ุชุฏ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุฃุฏุจ ุจุขุฏุงุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุงุนู…ู„ ุจู†ุตุงุฆุญู‡ู…ุŒ ุชูุฒ ุจุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุตุบ ุจู‚ู„ุจูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู…ู† ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐุŒ ูˆู†ุตุงุฆุญู‡ุŒ ูˆูˆุตุงูŠุงู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆู„ุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุนู„ู‰ ุดุฃู†ู‡ุง ูˆูƒู„ู…ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุบุชุฑููŠู† ู…ู† ุจุญุฑ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒูˆุงู†ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡:

    ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆุจุนุฏุŒ ูุฅู„ู‰ ุญุถุฑุงุช ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุจู…ุตุฑุŒ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡. ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ูŠ:

    ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุนุทุงู‡ู… ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุชุฃู…ู„ูˆุง ูˆูŠุชุจุตุฑูˆุง ููŠู…ุง ูŠูˆุตู„ู‡ู… ู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุŒ ุฃุฑุณู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑุณู„ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชุถุญ ุงู„ุฑุดุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบูŠู‘ูุŒ ูู†ุธุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุตูุช ู…ุฑุขุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑุชู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ. ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฃู„ ุฌู‡ุฏู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุถุงู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุบุงูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉุŒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ูˆ ุณู„ูƒู‡ุง ุงู„ุดู‚ูŠู‘ู ู„ุธู‡ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ. ูุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุฉ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุทุฑูŠู‚ูŠุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุบูŠุฑูŠุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุถุน ุฅู„ู‡ูŠุŒ ุฃูู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุŒ ูˆุชู†ุงู‚ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ุŒ ุซู… ู…ู† ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุญููˆุธู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุจุซูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฅู„ุญุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุจุทู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุถุงู„ูŠู†. ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุฃุณู„ุงูู†ุง ูˆู…ุดุงูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ุง ุจุงู„ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุฃูˆุซู‚ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฌุงุก ุจู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุฏุงุจุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุจุงู„ูˆุง ุจุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ูˆู„ุง ุชุฃุฎูŠุฑุŒ ููƒุงู† ูƒุจูŠุฑู‡ู… ูŠุฌู„ุณ ุญูŠุซ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุณุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุตุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูŠุญุชุฑู… ูˆูŠุฌู„ู‘ู ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุณุงุฏูˆุงุŒ ูˆุญุงุฒูˆุง ู…ู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ุŒ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู†ุฒู‡ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุบุฑุงุถุŒ ู…ู†ุฒู‡ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุณุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุจุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ูŠู…ุฉ.

    ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ูŠ: ุธู‡ุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆุงู… ูŠู†ุชุณุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุฒุงุฏูˆุง ูˆู†ู‚ุตูˆุงุŒ ูˆุจุฏู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู„ู…ู‡ุŒ ูู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚. ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจุฑุฆูŒ ู…ู†ู‡ู…. ุณู…ุนู†ุง ุจู…ู† ูŠุฏุนูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุฆูŠุณุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ูุชุดุŒ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุนุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจุงุทู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุจู…ู† ูŠุทูˆู ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ูˆูŠุฌูˆุจู‡ุง ุจุงุณู… ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุชุฌูˆู„ ููŠ ุฃู†ุญุงุฆู‡ุง ู…ูุฏู‘ูŽุนูŠู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ู†ุง -ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุณุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฑุฏ ุนู†ุง ุดุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุฌุนู„ ูƒูŠุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ู†ุญูˆุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุนุถุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆู‰- ูˆุจุฃู†ู‡ ุชุญุตู‘ู„ ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฐู†ุŒ ูƒู„ุง ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุฐู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุ› ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฎุงู„ู ู„ุขุฏุงุจู†ุงุŒ ููƒู„ ู…ู† ุงุฏุนู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฎุชุต ุจู…ุฒูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ูู„ุง ูŠู‚ุจู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃุจุฑุฒ ุฅุฐู†ู‹ุง ู…ู†ุง ูƒุชุงุจูŠู‘ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุจุฃู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุฎุชุต ุจู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฏุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุฎู„ู‚ ุจุฎูู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุจุงุนุฏ ุนู† ู…ูˆุงุทู† ุงู„ุชู‡ู…. ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ุง ูŠุชู‡ู… ุฅู„ุง ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฑู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุจ ููŠ ุฃุฎูŠู‡ ุฃุจุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุจู„ุบู‡ ุดูŠุก ุนู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุฑู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุดูŠุน ุงู„ุณูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆ ุจุงุทู„ู‹ุง.

    ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ูŠ: ุงุฑุชุฏุนูˆุงุŒ ุชูŠู‚ุธูˆุงุŒ ุฃุชู†ุชุธุฑูˆู† ู…ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุตุฑุญ ู„ูƒู… ุจุฃู†ูƒู… ู…ุญุงุฑุจูˆู† ู„ู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ูƒู… ุณุฌู„ุชู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูุณูƒู… ุนุงุฑู‹ุง ุจุงุฑุชูƒุงุจูƒู… ุฃู…ูˆุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู†ูƒุฑุฉู‹ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุณุทุฑุช ู„ุถุงู‚ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุฐุฑุนู‹ุง.

    ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ูŠ: ุงู‚ุจู„ูˆุง ู†ุตูŠุญุชูŠุŒ ุงุญุฐุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงุฎุดูˆุง ุนุงู‚ุจุชู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู‹ุง ู…ุชุญุงุจูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงู†ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุญุจ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู„ุฃุฎูŠู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุญุจู‡ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠูƒู† ุฃู…ุฑูƒู… ุจูŠู†ูƒู… ุดูˆุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ูุถู„ู‡ุŒ ุฃู† ูŠุตู„ุญ ุฃุญูˆุงู„ู†ุง ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ูˆูŠู‡ุฏูŠู†ุง ูˆุฅูŠุงูƒู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุฑุดุฏู†ุงุŒ ูˆูŠูˆูู‚ู†ุง ูˆุฅูŠุงูƒู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุจู‡ ูˆูŠุฑุถุงู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡.

    ุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูุฏุญ ุจู‡ุง ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญุจุงุจ: ุงุนู„ู… ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎ ุงู„ู†ุงูุนุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู„ุฐู‘ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุน ุจู…ู†ุงู‚ุจ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฎู†ุง ูˆุฃุณุชุงุฐู†ุง ุญุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุฒู…ุฒู… ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุงุฑุŒ ูˆู…ู†ุจุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู„ุชูุช ูˆู„ุง ูŠู‡ุชู… ุจู…ู† ู…ุฏุญู‡ ุจุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู„ุณุงู†ุ› ู„ุงุณุชุบุฑุงู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ูˆุฑุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุจุงู„ูˆู† ุจู…ู† ู…ุฏุญู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุฐู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ูู‡ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูุณ ูˆู„ู…ุญุฉ ูˆุทุฑูุฉุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุดู‡ุฏูˆู† ุณูˆุงู‡ ู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ุงุณุชุบุฑุงู‚ู‡ู… ููŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุดู‡ูˆุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ -ุฃู…ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุณู‚ุงู†ุง ููŠูˆุถุงุชู‡. ุขู…ูŠู†- ุนุฏู… ู…ูŠู„ู‡ ุจู…ู† ูŠู…ุฏุญู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ ูŠู„ุชูุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูู†ุงุฆู‡ ููŠู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฑู‰ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุฏุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู† ููŠ ุญุจู‡ ู‡ุงุฆู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆููŠ ู…ุฏุฏู‡ ูŠุฌูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุณุงู† ุญุงู„ู‡ู… ูŠุชุบุฒู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†ุŒ ููŠู†ุธู…ูˆู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุญุณุงู†ุŒ ูู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ุŒ ุฃุตู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุดุฃู†:

    ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุนุจุฉู ุงู„ุขู…ุงู„ู ู‡ุงู…ุชู’ ู…ุทู‘ูŽูŠุชูŠ * ูˆููŠ ุฑูŽุญู’ู„ู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ูˆุญุณู†ู ุทูˆูŠู‘ูŽุชูŠ([32])
    ูู‚ู„ุชู ู„ู‡ุง ุฑูˆุญูŠ ูˆุฑูˆุญูŠ ุฒู…ุงู…ู‡ุง * ูˆุญูŠู‘ู ุจุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู‘ู ุญูŠู‘ ุงู„ุชุญูŠู‘ูŽุฉู
    ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฏ ุดูŠุฎูŠ ูˆุณูŠุฏูŠ * ูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุฃูุณุชุงุฐูŠ ูˆู‚ุทุจู ุงู„ุฃูˆูŠู†ุฉู
    ู‡ู„ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ูŠู‚ูŠู† ุถูŠุงุคู‡ * ูˆุดู…ุณูŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุถู ุงู„ุชู‘ูู‚ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู
    ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณู„ุงู…ู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุฎุทู‘ูŽ ูƒุงุชุจูŒ * ูˆู…ุง ุฒูŠู‘ูŽู†ูŽ ุงู„ู‚ูุฑุทุงุณูŽ ุฏุฑู‘ู ุงู„ูŠุฑุงุนุฉู([33])

    ูˆู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุฏุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุงุช ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุงุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฑุฃูŠุช ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู„ุง ุชู†ูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู†:

    ุฃู…ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุนุฑูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุช ุฑุจูŠ * ูˆุฑุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูˆุงู„ุณุจุน ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ูŠ([34])
    ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ูู„ูŠุช ุดุนุฑูŠ * ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ุจูƒู„ ุขู†
    ูˆู‚ุฏ ุณุงู„ุช ุฏู…ูˆุนูŠ ู…ู‡ูŠุฌุงุช * ุจูŠูˆู… ุชูˆุงุตู„ูŠ ุฅุฐ ูƒู†ุช ุฏุงู†ู
    ูˆุฌุงุฐุจู†ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุงู„ูŽ ุฃู‡ู„ู‹ุง * ูˆุฃุฑูˆู‰ ู…ู‡ุฌุชูŠ ูุบุฏูˆุชู ูุงู†
    ุฃุณูŠู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุนู‚ุงุฏ ูƒู†ู’ ู„ูŠ * ูู‚ุฏ ุถุงู‚ูŽ ุงู„ุฒู‘ูŽู…ุงู†ู ูˆู…ุง ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูŠ
    ูˆุฃุฌุฐุจู†ูŠ ู„ุฃูˆุฌ ุงู„ู‚ูุฏุณ ุฌูŽุฐุจู‹ุง * ูู…ุซู„ููƒูŽ ุฐูˆ ุนูˆุงู†ู ูˆุงู…ุชู†ุงู†
    ุฃู„ุง ูŠุง ุฎูŠุฑูŽ ุฏุงุนู ู†ุญูˆ ุฑุจู‘ููŠ * ู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ู„ู†ุง ุจุตุญุจุชููƒูŽ ุงู„ุชู‘ูŽู‡ุงู†ูŠ
    ุณู„ูˆู†ูŠ ุนู† ุฅู…ุงู…ูŠ ุจู„ ูˆุฐูุฎุฑูŠ * ูƒุฑูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุญุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงูู‚ูŠู†([35])
    ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุงู„ูŽ ุนุฒู‘ู‹ุง * ู†ุจูŠู„ูŒ ุณูŠู‘ูุฏูŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูุงู†
    ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจูŠ * ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดู‡ู… ุงู„ุบูŠูˆุฑู ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ

    ุบูŠุฑู‡:

    ู…ุฑูŠุฏูŽ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฅู†ู’ ุฑู…ุชูŽ ูˆุตู„ู‹ุง * ูุจุงุฏุฑู’ ู„ู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชูŽุฑ ุญู„ุงู‡
    ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠ ุฃุชุงู†ุง ู†ูˆุฑู‹ุง * ุจุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุฃู‡ ู„ูˆ ุชุฑุงู‡
    ูุจุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุงูุชุฏูŠู‡ ูˆุขุช ุดูˆู‚ู‹ุง * ููŠุง ุนุฒู‘ู‹ุง ู„ู…ู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุญู…ุงู‡
    ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠ ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง * ูููŠ ูƒู„ู‘ู ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุน ุชุฑุงู‡ ูŠุง ู‡ูˆ
    ูˆู„ู„ุนู‚ุงุฏ ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง ุณุฑู‘ู ููŠู‡ุง * ูุฃุดุฑู’ ุจุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏ ูŠุง ู…ู† ุชุฑุงู‡
    ูŠูˆุตู‘ู„ู ูƒู„ู‘ูŽ ู…ู† ูŠุฃุชูŠู‡ ุญุงู„ู‹ุง * ูˆูŠู†ูƒุดู ุงู„ุญุฌุงุจ ู„ู…ู† ุฃุชุงู‡
    ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽุง ุจุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ู…ู†ุง * ูˆุบุจู†ุง ุญูŠู†ูŽ ุบุจู†ุง ุนู† ุณููˆุงู‡
    ุชุฑุงู†ุง ุฅู† ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุฌู…ุนู‹ุง * ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง ุญู„ุงู‡
    ูู…ู†ู‘ูŽุง ู…ู† ูŠุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุฌู‡ุฑู‹ุง * ููŠุญุธู‰ ุจุงู„ู†ุนูŠู… ููŠุง ู…ูู†ุงู‡
    ูˆู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ุจูƒุฃุณ ุงู„ุญุจู‘ู ุฃุถุญู‰ * ู„ู‡ ู†ูˆุฑูŒ ุนุฌูŠุจูŒ ู„ูˆ ุชุฑุงู‡
    ูˆู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ูŠุบูŠุจู ุนู† ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† * ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุญุงู„ ู…ู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุญู…ุงู‡
    ูุฅู† ุฑู…ุช ุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ ูุงุชู‘ูŽุจุนู‡ * ูˆู‚ุงุทุน ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชู‡ูˆู‰ ุณูˆุงู‡

    ุบูŠุฑู‡:

    ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง ุชุญู†ู‘ู ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ * ูˆุญู…ุงูƒู… ู„ู„ู‚ุงุตุฏูŠู† ู…ูุจุงุญู
    ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูŠุฏูŠูƒู… ูŠุง ุณุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ุงุชู‚ูŠุง * ูุชุญู‹ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ู‚ุชู‘ูŽุงุญู
    ูˆู…ุฑูŠุฏูƒู… ู‚ุฏ ุฎุตู‘ูŽ ุฃุดุฑู ุฑุชุจุฉ
    * ูˆุดุฐุงูƒู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุนูู„ุง ููŠู‘ูŽุงุญู
    ูˆู„ูƒู… ุญุฏูŠุซูŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุน ุชูˆุงุชุฑุชู’ * ุฃุฎุจุงุฑู‡ ูŠุฒู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุง ูˆุตุจุงุญู
    ูŠุง ุณุงุฏุฉ ุญุงุฒูˆุง ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู„ ูƒู„ู‘ูŽู‡ุง * ูŠุง ู†ุณู„ ุทู‡ ูŠุง ุบุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ
    ู…ุง ุงู„ูุถู„ ูŠุง ุนู‚ุงุฏ ุฅู„ุง ุจุญูŠูƒู… * ูˆู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุฅุณุนุงุฏู ูˆุงู„ุฅู…ู†ุงุญู
    ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎุตูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ูƒุงุฑู… ูˆุงู„ุชู‘ูู‚ู‰ * ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ูŠุนู„ูˆ ู…ู† ุณู†ุงูƒ ู…ุจุงุญู
    ุฅู† ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู’ ุนูŠู†ุงูƒ ุทู„ุนุฉ ุญุณู†ู‡ * ู„ุบุฏูˆุช ู…ุณุฑูˆุฑู‹ุง ูˆููŠูƒ ุฑุจุงุญู
    ู‡ุฐุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ู ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ูุงู‚ุตุฏู’ ุญูŠู‡ู… * ูุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ู… ู„ู„ู‚ุงุตุฏูŠู† ู…ุจุงุญู
    ุจุดูŠุฎู†ุง ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฏ ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุชูƒุฑู…ู‹ุง * ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ูˆุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุถู‘ูŽุงุญู
    ู…ู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑู†ู…ุช ุงู„ุฃู†ุงู… ุจุฐูƒุฑู‡ * ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุญุฑุณู‡ ู…ุณุง ูˆุตุจุงุญู

    ([1]) ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑู: ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑู‰.

    ([2]) ุณู„ูŠู…ุงู† ุจู† ู…ูˆุณู‰ ุจู† ุณุงู„ู… ุจู† ุญุณุงู†. ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฑูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน: ู…ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏู„ุณ ูˆุจู„ูŠุบู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุตุฑู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุจู„ู†ุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูŠ ู‚ุถุงุกู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุญู…ุฏุช ุณูŠุฑุชู‡. ูˆู„ุฏ ุณู†ุฉ 565 ู‡ู€ ูˆุชูˆููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 634 ู‡ู€ [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (3/136)].

    ([3]) ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุนู…ุฑ ุจู† ูˆุงู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุณู‡ู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ู…ูŠ ุจุงู„ูˆู„ุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุฃุจูˆ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุฏูŠ: ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุคุฑุฎูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู… ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุญูุงุธ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุŒ ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุณู†ุฉ 130ู‡ู€ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุญู†ุงุทู‹ุง ุจู‡ุง ูˆุถุงุนุช ุซุฑูˆุชู‡ุŒ ูุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ููŠ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฑุดูŠุฏุŒ ููˆู„ูŠ ู‚ุถุงุก ุจุบุฏุงุฏ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชูˆููŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุณู†ุฉ 207ู‡ู€. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (6/311)ุŒ ยซุชุฐูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูุงุธยป (1/317)].

    ([4]) ุดุนูŠุจ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู† ุณุนุฏ ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุงู„ุญุฑูŠููŠุดุŒ ู…ุชุตูˆู ู…ุตุฑูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฌุงูˆุฑ ุจู…ูƒุฉุŒ ุชูˆููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 810 ู‡ู€. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (3/167)].

    ([5]) ูƒุชุงุจ ยซุงู„ุชุฑุบูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑู‡ูŠุจยป ู„ู„ุญุงูุธ ุฒูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ุจู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฐุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูู‰ ุณู†ุฉ 656ู‡ู€ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ุทุจูˆุน.

    ([6]) ยซุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูยป ู„ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุจู† ู‡ูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ู‚ุดูŠุฑูŠุŒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุดุงูุนูŠุŒ ุชูˆููŠ ุณู†ุฉ 465ู‡ู€. [ยซูƒุดู ุงู„ุธู†ูˆู†ยป (882)].

    ([7]) ู…ุญู…ุฏ (ุธุงูุฑ) ุจู† ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจู† ุญุณู† ุจู† ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุธุงูุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ: ู…ุชุตูˆูุŒ ู…ู† ูู‚ู‡ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ. ูˆู„ุฏ ููŠ ู…ุณุฑุงุชู‡ ุณู†ุฉ 1244 ู‡ู€ ุจุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูˆุณูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูู†ุณุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงุณุชู‚ุฑ ุดูŠุฎู‹ุง ู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฐู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุขุณุชุงู†ุฉ ูˆุชูˆููŠ ุจู‡ุง ุณู†ุฉ 1321ู‡ู€ุŒ ู„ู‡ ูƒุชุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง: ยซุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠุฉยปุŒ ูˆยซุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุธุงูุฑูŠุฉยป ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ. [ยซุงู„ุฃุนู„ุงู…ยป (7/76)].

    ([8]) ุงู„ุณูˆุณ ุงู